Research on the Adsorption States of Ammonium Nitrogen in a Sandy Soil

[Objective] This research aimed to explore the existing forms of ammonium nitrogen adsorbed in a sandy soil with different particle sizes by extraction experiments and provide references for investigating the transport and transformation of the ammonium in the vadose zone.[Method] Sandy soil sample was collected from a landfill and sieved into coarse sand and fine sand.The three kinds of samples were soaked in NH4Cl solution with different initial concentrations,respectively.Then,ammonium adsorbed in soil samples were extracted by three kinds of extraction agents with different extraction capacity,including water,KCl and CaCl2.[Result] The order of extraction capacity of different extraction agents was：water KCl CaCl2;when the concentration of ammonium was low in solution,the ammonium preferentially adsorbed in the exchangeable positions of minerals and mainly existed in the form of exchangeable ammonium;with the increase of concentration,ammonium entered inside the 2：1 clay minerals with enough driving force of the concentration differences and existed in the form of fixed ammonium;little fixed ammonium was observed in coarse sand samples,which was mainly existed in 2：1 clay minerals with strong extraction capacity.[Conclusion] The existing forms of ammonium were closely related to the mineral compositions in soil and the initial concentrations of ammonium.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Induced by Ammonium Nitrogen in Rice Using mRNA Differential Display

RNAs isolated from ammonium- and nitrate-treated rice leaves were used to screen differentially expressed genes through mRNA differential display. A total of 72 bands appeared significant differences and some of them were further confirmed by reverse Northern and Northern blot. The results showed that two genes, A-02 （Oryza sativa drought stress related mRNA） and A-03 （Zea mays partial mRNA for TFIIB-related protein） were highly up-regulated in the ammonium-fed rice leaves. The enzyme assays showed that the activities of the two anti-oxidative enzymes, catalase and peroxidase, and the content of a non-enzymic antioxidant, glutathione, were significantly higher in the ammonium-fed rice leaves than those in the nitrate-fed ones, indicating that the ammonium nutrition might be beneficial for rice plants to improve the stress resistance during growth and development.

Natural Nitrogen-15 Abundance of Ammonium Nitrogen and Fixed Ammonium in Soils

The present article deals with the natural nitrogen-15 abundance of ammonium nitrogen and fixed ammonium in different soils. Variations in the natural 15N abundance of ammonium nitrogen mineralized in soils under anaerobic incubation condition were related to soil pH. The δ 15N of mineralizable N in acid soils was lower but that in neutral and calcareous soils was higher compared with the δ 15N of total N in the soils. A variation tendency was also found in the δ 15N of amino-acid N in the hydrolysates of soils. The natural 15N abundance of fixed ammonium was higher than that of total N in most surface soils and other soil horizons, indicating that the increase of δ 15N in the soil horizons beneath subsurface horizon of some forest soils and acid paddy soils was related to the higher δ 15N value of fixed ammonium in the soil.

Influencing Factors of Ammonium Nitrogen Removal by Composite Phosphate and Magnesium

It is necessary to adjust reaction pH when a single kind of PO4^3- is used as phosphorus source to remove NH4^＋- N in a chemical precipitation process. However, this tedious step could be avoided in experiments that use the buffering effect of the composite phosphate and employ PO4^3- and HPO4^2- as phosphorus sources, pH was controlled by properly changing the proportion of PO4^3- to HPO4^2-. The influences of pH, material proportion and different addition modes of magnesium on NH4^＋-N removal efficiency were investigated, with NH4^3--N concentration in influent being 200 mg/L. It showed that the ratio of HPO4^2- ： PO4^3- was concerned with phosphorus and NH4^＋-N removal. Under the condition that the total amount of phosphate is definite, the removal efficiency of NH4^＋-N decreased with the enhancement of HPO4^2- concentration, while the efficiency of phosphorus increased. When increasing PO4^3- concentration, it benefited the removal of NH4^＋-N, but the remaining phosphorus was high. The results showed that NH4^＋-N concentration decreased from the initial 200 mg/L to 39.14 mg/L with the remaining PO4^3- at 5.14 mg/L if the ratio of HPO4^2- ： PO4^3- remained at 1：3.

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater.To study the transformation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils,a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study.The contents of ammonium nitrogen(as NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrite nitrogen(as NO_(2)^(−)-N)and nitrate nitrogen(as NO_(3)^(−)-N)were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load,soil particle and redox environment.Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO_(3)^(−)-N with time in contaminated soils.The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes(amoA and nxrA)were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method.The results show that the nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load,finer particle size and more oxidizing environment.The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO_(3)^(−)-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils.The Cr(III)content increased with increasing pollution load,which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils,especially in coarse-grained soil.The accumulation of NO_(2)^(−)-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand,and only 41.5%of the NH_(4)^(+)-N was transformed to NO_(3)^(−)-N.The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil.Compared to the aerobic soil environment,the transformation of NH_(4)^(+)-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition,and the NO_(3)^(−)-N contents decreased by 37.2%,61.9%and 91.9%under low,medium and high pollution loads,respectively.Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand.Moreover,the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment.The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil.

Migration of ammonium nitrogen in ion-absorbed rare earth soils during and post in situ mining: a column study and numerical simulation analysis

Ion-absorbed rare earth mines,leached in situ,retain a large amount of ammonium nitrogen(NH4–N)that continuously releases into the surrounding environments.However,quantitative descriptions and predictions of the transport of NH4–N across mining area with hill slopes are not fully established.Here,laboratory column experiments were designed with an inclined slope(a sand box)to examine the spatial temporal transport of NH4–N in soils collected from the ionic rare earth elements(REE)mining area.An HYDRUS-2D model simulation of the experimental data over time showed that soils had a strong adsorption capacity toward NH4–N.Chemical non-equilibrium model(CNEM)could well simulate the transport of NH4–N through the soil-packed columns.The simulation of the transport-adsorption processes at three flow rates of leaching agents revealed that low flow rate enabled a longer residence time and an increased NH4-N adsorption,but reduced the extraction efficiency for REE.During the subsequent rainwater washing process,the presence of slope resulted in the leaching of NH4–N on the surface of the slope,while the leaching of NH4–N deep inside the column was inhibited.Furthermore,the high-intensity rainfall significantly increased the leaching,highlighting the importance of considering the impact of extreme weather conditions during the leaching process.Overall,our study advances the understanding of the transport of NH4–N in mining area with hills,the impact of flow rates of leaching agents and precipitation intensities,and presents as a feasible modeling method to evaluate the environmental risks of NH4–N pollution during and post REE in situ mining activities.

Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate（MAP） is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen（NH4＋-N）.In the present research,we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4＋-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation.The case study of NH4＋-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison.Response surface methodology（RSM） was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions.Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index（SI） of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH.The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2＋/NH4＋ molar ratio（Mg/N） and the initial NH4＋-N concentration（CN）,respectively,while it decreased with an increase in Ca2＋/NH4＋ and CO32？/NH4＋ molar ratios（Ca/N and CO32？/N）,respectively.The trends for NH4＋-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions.The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH,Mg/N,CN,Ca/N,（Mg/N）×（CO32？/N）,（pH）2,（Mg/N）2,and（CN）2 were significant.Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4＋-N recovery.

Experimental Study on the Distribution of Soil Nitrate and Ammonium Nitrogen under Controlled Drainage

A field experimental project was set up to assess the effects of controlled drainage on the distribution and concentration of nitrogen in the soil at the Irrigation and Drainage Experimental Station under Four-Lake Engineering Administration of Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. Two plots drain runoff by controlled drainage system, with an area of 0.1 hm^2 （20 m×50 m） each. The third one with an area of 0.04 hm^2 （8 m×50 m） has a conventional subsurface drainage system. Under this experimental condition, the study draws the following conclusions： ① The controlled drainage system has a remarkable effect on the diminishing ratios of nitrate nitrogen between neighboring layers. It is presented that the diminishing ratio increases with the raising height of drain outlet. Controlled drainage system also reduces the transference of nitrate nitrogen in topsoil.② Different from nitrate nitrogen, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen is stable along the longitudinal section of soil, which is little affected by the controlled drainage system. It indicates that the concentration of ammonium nitrogen decreases according to the lowering of controlling height of the drain outlet.

Soil acidification of alfisols influenced by nitrate and ammonium nitrogen level in tea plantation

Nitrogen is an important fertilizer in tea production,but it is also an important factor in tea garden soil acidification.The relationship between absorption and transport of different forms of nitrogen in the tea plant and soil acidification is still unknown.In order to explore the different characteristics of absorption,utilization and distribution of nitrogen,stable isotope 15N tracer technique was used to measure the absorption,utilization and allocation of nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3-)15N)and ammonium nitrogen(NH4-15N)under the same nitrogen application amount of tea tree seedlings as experimental materials.The results showed that the tea seedlings had the same pattern of nitrogen application:tissue nitrogen content increased after fertilization,remarkable rising at 7 d and the absorption speed increased quickly after 28 d,finally reached its maximum at 56 d.The nitrogen use efficiency of two nitrogen sources in two kinds of soil varied not significantly.The maximum NUE of NO_(3-)^(15)N reached 12.66%,and at the same time NH_(4)-^(15)N utilization rose up to 11.54%.According to the absorption of soil nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizer in the two kinds of soil,it is concluded that the soil nitrogen cannot meet the growth needs of tea tree and extra nitrogen supply was required.The declined soil pH indicated that fertilizer should be used in moderation,which can not only satisfy the growth of tea tree but also to restrict soil acidification.

Nitrogen Fertilization as Ammonium or Nitrate-N on <i>Hippeastrum hybridum</i>Bulb Growth

Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum hybridum), a native of Central and South America, is a bulbous ornamental flowering plant in the Amaryllidaceae family. However, the correct balance of NH4 to NO3-nitrogen in a fertilizer mix for Hippeastrum plants is largely unknown. Nitrogen was applied 2x weekly following irrigation at either 0.6 g (high), 0.3 g (medium) or 0.15 g (low) total N every four months. Nitrogen was supplied in different combinations of NO3 and/or NH4. Nitrate:NH4-N ratios were either 100% NO3:0% NH4 (100NO3), 70% NO3:30% NH4 (70NO3), 50% NO3:50% NH4 (50NO3) (second group only), 30%NO3:70%NH4 (30NO3), or 0% NO3/100% NH4 (100NH4). Growth in bulb diameter after one year of fertilizer treatments not only increased from 0.15 to 0.6 g N (low to high level), but also differed with the form of N supplied to the plant. The largest diameter bulbs were produced in the 70NO3 and 50NO3 high N treatments. Within any NO3/NH4-N ratio grouping, fertilization at the high N rate resulted in larger diameter bulbs. No significant differences existed between treatments in the number of bulbs produced. Bulb growth was greater with a portion of N supplied as NO3 than with NH4-N alone. These results indicate that application of N as a mixture of NH4 and NO3 at 0.6 g per 4 months produces the largest increase in bulb diameter.

Effects of soil nitrate:ammonium ratio on plant carbon:nitrogen ratio and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings

Can soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influence plant carbon： nitrogen ratios of the early succession plant？ Can plant carbon： nitrogen ratios limit the plant growth in early succession？ To address these two questions, we performed a two-factor （soil nitrate： ammonium ratio and plant density） randomized block design and a uniform-precision rotatable central composite design pot experiments to examine the relationships between soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of Artemisia sphaerocephala seedlings. Under adequate nutrient status, both soil nitrate： ammonium ratios and plant density influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios and growth rate of A. sphaerocephala seedlings. Under the lower soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, with the increase of soil nitrate： ammonium ratios, the growth rates of plant height and shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly; with the increase of plant carbon： nitrogen ratios, the growth rates of shoot biomass of A. sphaerocephala seedlings decreased significantly. Soil nitrate： ammonium ratios affected the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings by plant nitrogen but not by plant carbon. Thus, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios influenced the carbon： nitrogen ratios of A. sphaerocephala seedlings, and hence influenced its growth rates. Our results suggest that under adequate nutrient environment, soil nitrate： ammonium ratios can be a limiting factor for the growth of the early succession plant.

Difference in Nitrogen Starvation-Inducible Expression Patterns among Phylogenetically Diverse Ammonium Transporter Genes in the Red Seaweed <i>Pyropia yezoensis</i>

Nitrogen deficiency induces senescence and the expression of genes encoding ammonium transporters (AMTs) in terrestrial plants where the AMT family is subdivided into AMT1 and AMT2 subfamilies. Nitrogen starvation in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis causes senescence-like discoloration. In this study, we identified five genes in P. yezoensis encoding AMT domain-containing proteins, which were phylogenetically categorized into the AMT1 subfamily. We also found a gene encoding a Rhesus protein (Rh) that was related to, but diverged from, AMTs. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis showed that AMT domain-containing proteins from micro- and macro-algae belonged to either the AMT1 or Rh subfamily, indicating the absence of AMT2 in algae. Gene expression analyses revealed the presence of gametophyte- and sporophyte-specific AMT1 genes that were up-regulated transiently and continually, respectively, under nitrogen-deficient conditions. In addition, up-regulated sporophyte-specific gene expression was suppressed when nitrogen was resupplied. Accordingly, an expansion of the ancient AMT gene has produced AMT1 functional variants differing in temporal and nitrogen starvation-inducible expression patterns during the life cycle of P. yezoensis. These findings help elucidate the unique nutrition starvation responses involving functionally diverse AMT1 and Rh subfamilies in red seaweed.

长期紫云英配施减量化肥对土壤铵态氮吸附解吸特征的影响

为明确长期紫云英配施减量化肥对土壤铵态氮吸附解吸特征的影响,以13年长期定位试验为平台,设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、22500 kg/hm^(2)紫云英+80%化肥(G+0.8CF)、22500 kg/hm^(2)紫云英+60%化肥(G+0.6CF)、22500 kg/hm^(2)紫云英+40%化肥(G+0.4CF)共5个处理,研究了不同施肥处理对土壤铵态氮吸附解吸特征的影响,并分析了土壤吸附解吸特征参数与土壤理化性质的关系。结果显示,Langmuir等温吸附方程能较好地拟合土壤铵态氮的吸附特征(R^(2)为0.9969~0.9979,P<0.01)。与CK相比,紫云英配施减量化肥处理土壤铵态氮的最大吸附量、最大缓冲容量分别降低了4.85%~13.46%、4.55%~7.36%;土壤铵态氮的平均解吸量和解吸率为G+0.8CF>G+0.6CF>G+0.4CF>CF>CK。与CK相比,紫云英配施减量化肥处理土壤全氮和速效氮含量分别增加了19.42%~46.60%、15.24%~25.88%。相关性分析结果显示,解吸率与土壤全氮、土壤速效氮呈显著正相关,与土壤pH呈显著负相关;冗余分析结果显示,pH和速效氮是造成土壤铵态氮吸附解吸特征参数差异的主要因素,分别解释了全部变异的56.7%和39.1%(P<0.05)。综上所述,长期紫云英配施减量化肥降低土壤对铵态氮的吸附,增加土壤对铵态氮的解吸,减少了土壤对氮的固持,提高氮的有效性。综合考虑土壤铵态氮的吸附解吸特性及土壤养分含量,以减量20%~40%化肥配施22500kg/hm^(2)紫云英处理效果较好。

浮萍人工培养和调控及其在稻田生态系统中的作用

文章介绍了浮萍的生理生态特点、发生分布规律以及自然状态下的繁殖方式;基于这些特征特性,进一步归纳了关于浮萍实验室内的制备和培养塘等规模化养殖方法的最新研究和探索,系统梳理了影响浮萍生长的环境因素,重点阐述了浮萍在稻田水体中对氨氮转化和利用的作用。在农业生态领域,还需进一步开展关于稻田浮萍时空变化规律及其与水稻间互作关系等方面的研究,在降低因伴生浮萍过快生长造成的水稻产量下降风险的同时,充分发挥浮萍在稻田生态系统中的平衡效应,提升稻田生态系统的多样性和稳定性。

生物炭包膜尿素的制备及其固氮潜力的研究

为了探究生物炭包膜尿素的缓释性能及对土壤固氮的影响,以300、500和700℃下制备的杨木生物炭为包膜材料制备了3种生物炭包膜尿素,采用间歇土柱淋溶试验对氮素的释放特征进行分析。结果表明,杨木生物炭对铵态氮和硝态氮具有较好的吸附性能,低温下制备的生物炭对铵态氮吸附效果更好;与尿素相比,施用生物炭包膜尿素土壤的总氮淋溶量减少了9.73%~14.67%,铵态氮淋溶量减少了25.28%~30.36%,硝态氮淋溶量减少了10.34%~18.38%;在同等施氮水平下,生物炭包膜尿素相较于尿素可以显著增加土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的含量。其中,土壤中铵态氮含量增加了66.4%~200.1%,土壤硝态氮的含量增加了477.9%~537.6%。因此,生物炭用作肥料的包膜材料具有广阔的应用前景。

Effects of Growing of Different Types of Crops on Constitution of Soil Available Nitrogen and Conversion and Utilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer

The soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum were planted in pot under low nitrogen, high nitrogen treatments, the soil available nitrogen constitution and con- version and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were determined, so as to provide techni- cal guidance for reasonable use and improving use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for different types of crops. Compared with the control with nitrogen but unplanted crop, growing soybean, cotton, maize, sorghum significantly decreased the soil available N contents by 53. 48%, 51.54%, 33.10%, 55.03%,and influenced the constitution of soil available N. Thereinto, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased soil inorganic N contents by 85.41%, 83.09%, 70.89% and 83.35%,but increased soil hydrolysable organic N contents by 1.41, 1.53, 2.11 and 1.28 times, respectively; growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased the rate of soil inorganic N to available N by 68.61%, 65.09%, 56.47% and 63.00%, but increased the rate of soil hydrolysable organic N to available N by 4.18, 4.21, 3.66 and 4.08 times, respectively. Compared with the control, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly increased the transform rate of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer by 93.66%, 38.19%, 32.58% and 38.31% respectively, and growing soybean treatment had the highest increasing range; the nitrification rates of ammo- nium nitrogen fertilizer of growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum treatments were negative values, and growing soybean treatment had the highest decreasing amplitude. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of growing soybean, cot- ton, maize and sorghum treatments were 52.01%, 28.31%, 24.16% and 28.40% re- spectively and growing soybean treatment had the highest value. In conclusion, growing crops suppressed the soil nitrification and accelerated the development of soil hydrolysable organic nitrogen by the utilization of soil available nitrogen and the alteration of soil environment, and hence impacted the constitution of soil available nitrogen and the transform and use of ammonium nitrogen applied in soil. Legumi- nous crops had stronger ability of suppressing nitrification, making use of ammonium compared with non-Leguminous crops.

不同铵态氮肥配施对麦茬水稻生长、氮素利用及产量的影响

碳铵施用可促进稻田秸秆腐解和秧苗生长,但碳铵易分解和不能造粒使其应用受限,研究碳铵替代铵态氮肥将促进该技术的生产应用。基于2年小区定位试验和统计分析,以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置总施氮量20%碳铵+30%复合肥(V1)、20%氯化铵+30%复合肥(V2)、20%磷酸二铵+30%复合肥(V3)、20%硫酸铵+30%复合肥(V4)等5个不同的速效氮肥+复合肥的铵态氮肥筛选试验,研究不同铵态氮肥对麦茬水稻生长、氮素利用及产量的影响。结果表明:处理V2产量达10.34×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),较其他处理均达到显著增产的效果,处理V1、V3、V4间产量差异不显著;处理V2的平均穗粒数、叶面积指数和干物质积累量显著高于其他处理;施肥后12 d,处理V2的铵态氮含量显著性大于其他处理,硝态氮含量显著大于除处理V4外的其他处理,处理V2的pH低于其他处理,达显著水平;处理V2较其他处理显著提升茎蘖数7.48%~20.9%,处理V2与其他速效铵态氮肥处理相比显著地提升了氮素积累量、氮素表观利用率、氮素农学利用率和偏生产力。可见氯化铵配施可降低土壤pH,增加土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的含量,增加水稻平均穗粒数,提高氮素利用效率,具有平衡秸秆腐解和作物产量关系的作用。

生物炭辅配硫酸铵对土壤氮素淋溶的影响

为探究添加生物炭对硫酸铵肥料中氮素释放性能的影响。通过土柱淋溶模拟试验研究不同炭肥比(1∶3、1∶4、1∶5)下制备的生物炭-硫酸铵肥料(BC-AS_(1/3)、BC-AS_(1/4)、BC-AS_(1/5))的氮素淋失特征。结果表明:1)添加生物炭能够有效吸附硫酸铵肥料,减缓硫酸铵的氮素释放速率。3种不同炭肥比下,BC-AS1/4处理的生物炭-硫酸铵颗粒表面最为光滑紧密,成型性最好;2)与常规硫酸铵处理AS相比,不同炭肥处理均显著改善了土壤保水保肥性能,减少了土壤无机氮淋失。其中BC-AS(1/4)处理的铵、硝态氮累积淋出量相较于AS处理分别降低80.83%、11.56%,表现出最小的淋出速率和累积淋失量,缓释效果最好;3)相较于常规硫酸铵处理AS,不同炭肥处理均提高了土柱土壤氮素累积。其中BC-AS1/4处理表现出最好的养分固持效果;4)各土层土壤有机碳含量与土壤全氮呈正相关关系,生物炭-硫酸铵肥料中碳的投入能够有效提高土壤养分的持有能力。综上,生物炭-硫酸铵肥料能够有效减缓氮素释放速率,减少氮素养分淋失,提高土壤养分持有能力,有利于提高肥料利用效率。其中炭肥比为1∶4时生物炭与硫酸铵结合效果最好,表现出最佳的缓释效果及培肥特征。

缓控释肥配施脲铵运筹对水稻产量、氮素利用效率和土壤养分的影响

通过田间试验,以传统配方肥+尿素一基两追施肥模式(CG)为对照,研究了以脲甲醛类缓控释肥(NC)和木质素类缓控释肥(MC)为基肥、脲铵为分蘖或穗分化追肥的缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式对水稻产量、氮吸收累积、氮素利用效率以及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖施肥模式水稻产量与CG处理相比无明显差异,但脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵(NC-S)和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗(MC-S)处理分别比CG处理明显增产3.96%和6.01%,主要原因为NC-S和MC-S处理每穗粒数分别比CG处理明显增加16.7%和17.6%;与CG处理相比,脲甲醛类缓控释肥+脲铵(NC-F)和木质素类缓控释肥+脲铵一基一蘖(MC-F)处理成熟期地上部氮累积分别比CG处理增加2.50%和5.89%,NC-S和MC-S处理分别比CG处理明显增加10.0%和11.6%;NC-S和MC-S处理氮素利用效率(NUE)分别比CG处理高3.96%和6.01%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式增加了水稻氮吸收效率(NupE)和表观氮肥回收效率(ANR),其中MC-S处理的NupE明显比CG处理高11.6%,NC-S和MC-S处理的ANR分别比CG处理明显高25.4%和29.3%。缓控释肥+脲铵一基一追施肥模式土壤碱解氮含量明显比CG处理增加6.58%~10.7%,其中,一基一穗施肥模式增加比例更大;另外,土壤有机质含量比CG处理增加1.11%~7.56%。由此可见,缓控释肥+脲铵一基一穗施肥模式更有利于提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率,增加土壤肥力。