Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids/hyaluronic acidmethacrylic anhydride hybrid hydrogel with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties for infected wound healing

Bacterial resistance and excessive inflammation are common issues that hinder wound healing.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)offer a promising and versatile antibacterial option compared to traditional antibiotics,with additional anti-inflammatory properties.However,the applications of AMPs are limited by their antimicrobial effects and stability against bacterial degradation.TFNAs are regarded as a promising drug delivery platform that could enhance the antibacterial properties and stability of nanodrugs.Therefore,in this study,a composite hydrogel(HAMA/t-GL13K)was prepared via the photocross-linking method,in which tFNAs carry GL13K.The hydrogel was injectable,biocompatible,and could be instantly photocured.It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors and scavenging ROS.Thereby,the hydrogel inhibited bacterial infection,shortened the wound healing time of skin defects in infected skin full-thickness defect wound models and reduced scarring.The constructed HAMA/tFNA-AMPs hydrogels exhibit the potential for clinical use in treating microbial infections and promoting wound healing.

Efficient, continuous oxidation of durene to pyromellitic dianhydride mediated by a V-Ti-P ternary catalyst: The remarkable doping effect

Continuous preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA) from durene has been studied using a fixedbed reactor. The reaction was performed using a phosphorus-vanadium-titanium ternary catalyst.Relatively high selectivity and yield of PMDA was obtained. The in-situ characterization was combined with theoretical calculation to reveal the reaction mechanisms, and the remarkable doping effect was discussed.

Highly improved cyclic stability of Ni-rich/Li batteries with succinic anhydride as electrolyte additive and underlying mechanism

Lithium-metal battery based on Ni-rich cathode provides high energy density but presents poor cyclic stability due to the unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces on both cathode and anode.In this work,we report a new strategy to address this issue.It is found that the cyclic stability of Ni-rich/Li battery can be significantly improved by using succinic anhydride(SA) as an electrolyte additive.Specifically,the capacity retention of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)/Li cell is improved from 14% to 83% after 200cycles at 1 C between 3.0 and 4.35 V by applying 5% SA.The underlying mechanism of SA contribution is understood by comparing the effects of malic anhydride(MA) and citraconic anhydride(CA), both of which share a similar molecular structure to SA but show different effects.On anode side,SA can but MA and CA cannot form a protective solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) on Li anode.On cathode side,three anhydrides can suppress the formation of hydrogen fluoride from electrolyte oxidation decomposition,but SA behaves best.Typically,MA shows adverse effects on the interface stability of Li anode and NCM811 cathode,which originates from its high acidity.Though the acidity of MA can be mitigated by substituting a methyl for one H atom at its C=C bond,the substituent CA cannot compete with SA in cyclic stability improvement of the cell,because the SEI resulting from CA is not as robust as that from SA,which is related to the binding energy of the SEI components.This understanding reveals the importance of the electrolyte acidity on the Ni-rich cathode and the robustness of the SEI on Li anode,which is helpful for rationally designing new electrolyte additives to further improve the cyclic stability of high-energydensity Ni-rich/Li batteries.

Rare earth metal based DES assisted the VPO synthesis for n-butane selective oxidation toward maleic anhydride

Deep eutectic solvents(DESs) are now considered a new class of ionic liquid analogs that have been generously used in various fields.Herein, vanadium phosphorus oxide(VPO) catalysts are synthesized in combination with a deep eutectic solvent containing rare earth metal(rE-DES), and their catalytic performance in n-butane selective oxidation to produce maleic anhydride(MA) is evaluated. The rE-DES is produced from the interaction of choline chloride(ChCl) and rare earth metal salts(Cerium, Europium, Lanthanum, and Samarium metal salt)(ChCl:rE = 1:0.5–1:3) under mild conditions. It was found that DESs served as structural modifiers and electronic promoters during VPO synthesis. It regulated the chemical state of the catalyst surface, such as the vanadium valence state, acid-base properties, and ratios of V^(4+)/V^(5+),Lat–O/Sur–O and P/V. Various characterization techniques, such as FT-IR, DSC, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, Raman, TGA, NH3-TPD, and XPS,were used to examine its physical and chemical characteristics. These characteristics were correlated with the catalytic performance. The VPO catalyst modified by rE-DES showed a significant enhancement of n-butane conversion and MA selectivity while suppressing the selectivity of CO and CO_(2)as well as the CO/CO_(2)ratio compared to the unpromoted VPO catalyst. Especially for Ce-DES-VPO, it increased the n-butane conversion and MA mass yield up to approximately 11% and 10%, respectively. In addition, we evaluated the catalytic performance under different activation atmospheres.

Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts derived from spinel NiAl_2O_4 for low-temperature hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride

Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were derived from spinel NiAl2O4 with different Ni content ((2.5, 5 and 7.5) wt%). The catalysts were obtained by H-2 reduction and were investigated for the low-temperature hydrogenation of maleic anhydride (MA) to produce succinic anhydride (SA). The characterization results showed that Ni-0 active sites were mainly derived during the H2 reduction from spinel NiAl2O4 Among the catalysts studied, employing the optimum preparation and reaction conditions with Ni(5%)/Al2O3 yielded the highest catalytic performance. A near-100% conversion of MA and similar to 90% selectivity to SA were achieved at 120 degrees C and 0.5 MPa of H-2 with a weighted hourly space velocity (MA) of 2 h(-1). (C) 2017, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ni-loaded Catalyst Containing Activated Clay for Maleic Anhydride Hydrogenation to Succinic Anhydride

In this work, the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride in the presence of 5 m%Ni/clay catalysts was investigated. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, H2 temperature programmed reduction （TPR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） techniques. The XRD and TPR studies showed that Ni was present as Ni2＋ on the support, which indicated that there were no elemental nickel （Ni^0） and Ni203 species in the unreduced samples. Increasing of calcination temperature to 650 ℃ leads to destruction of the support structure observed in TGA, while the catalyst sample calcined at 550 ℃ exhibits better performances than other samples. The ideal conversion of maleic anhydride （97.14%） and selectivity of succinic anhydride （99.55%） were realized at a reaction temperature of 180 ℃ and a weight hourly space velocity of 4 h^-1 under a reaction pressure of 1 MPa.

Selective Hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride to Succinic Anhydride over Nickel Catalyst Supported on Carbon Microspheres

The colloidal carbon microspheres(CMS)were prepared by the hydrothermal method.The nickel catalysts supported on carbon microspheres(Ni/CMS)were further prepared and were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),the X-ray diffraction(XRD),the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and the N_(2)adsorption technique.The selective hydrogenation of maleic anhydride(MA)to succinic anhydride(SA)over the Ni/CMS catalysts was investigated.The results indicated that the Ni/CMS catalyst,which was prepared with glucose as carbon source and calcined at 500℃,exhibited the best performance.The hydrogen pressure,reaction temperature,and reaction time could significantly affect the conversion of maleic anhydride during the hydrogenation reaction.A 98.4%conversion of MA and an 100%selectivity to SA were achieved over the Ni/CMS catalyst in acetic anhydride solvent under mild conditions covering a temperature of 90℃,a H2 pressure of 1.0 MPa,and a reaction time of 3 h.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Biomaterial: Maleic Anhydride-modified Poly(dl-lactic acid)

A novel modified poly(dl-lactic acid) (PDLLA) was obtained by covalently grafting of maleic anhydride onto the backbone of PDLLA, attempting to improve PDLLA’s hydrophilicity and cell affinity and to provide reactive groups for further chemical modification. FTIR, 13C NMR and DSC were used to characterize the maleic anhydride-modified PDLLA.

SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS POLY(STYRENE-co-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE)/SILICA HYBRID MATERIALS VIA A NONSURFACTANT-TEMPLATED SOL-GEL PROCESS

Mesoporous poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)/silica hybrid materials have been prepared. The synthesis was achieved by the HCl-catalyzed sol-gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer in the presence of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a coupling agent and citric acid as a nonsurfactant template or pore-forming agent, followed by ethanol extraction. Characterization results from nitrogen sorption isotherms and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that polymer-modified mesoporous materials with large specific surface areas (e.g. 900 m(2)/g) and pore volumes (e.g. 0.6 cm(3)/g) could be prepared. As the citric acid concentration is increased, the specific surface areas, pore volumes and pore diameters of the hybrid materials increase.

Insights into the thermochemical evolution of maleic anhydride-initiated esterified starch to construct hard carbon microspheres for lithium-ion batteries

Starch,as a typical polysaccharide with natural spherical morphology,is not only a preferred precursor for preparing carbon materials but also a model polymer for investigating thermochemical evolution mechanisms.However,starch usually suffers from severe foaming and low carbon yield during direct pyrolysis.Herein,we report a simple and eco-friendly dry strategy,by maleic anhydride initiating the esterification of starch,to design carbon microspheres against the starch foaming.Moreover,the infuence of ester grafting on the pyrolytic behavior of starch is also focused.The formation of ester groups in precursor guarantees the structural stability of starch-based intermediate because it can promote the accumulation of unsaturated species and accelerate the water elimination during pyrolysis.Meanwhile,the esterification and dehydration reactions greatly deplete the primary hydroxyl groups in the starch molecules and thus the rapid levoglucosan release is inhibited,which well keeps the spherical morphology of starch and ensures the high carbon yield.In further exploration as anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries,the obtained carbon microspheres exhibit good cyclability and rate performance with a reversible capacity of 444 m Ah g^(-1)at 50 m A g^(-1).This work provides theoretical fundamentals for the controllable thermal transformation of biomass towards wide applications.

Solid-Liquid Equilibria of Several Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Maleic Anhydride

Solid-liquid equilibria (SLE) of three binary systems and seventernary systems containing maleic an- hydride (MA) are measured byvisual method. The experimental data are compared with the calculatedones with modified universal quasichemical functional group activitycoefficient (UNIFAC) method in which the interaction parametersbetween groups come from two sources, dortmund data bank (DDB), ifthere's any, and correlations based on our former presentedexperimental SLE data of twenty binary systems.

Tetrahydrofuran Ring Opening with Acyl Chlorides or Anhydrides Catalyzed by Gallium Triiodides: A Novel and Facile Method for the Preparation of Iodo Esters

Tetrahydrofuran ring can be opened with acyl chlorides or anhydrides catalyzed by gallium triiodides to afford iodo esters under mild conditions in good yields.

RING OPENING COPOLYMERIZATION OF SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE-ETHYLENE OXIDE BY Al(Ⅲ) ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYSTS

Ring opening copolymerization of succinic anhydride (SA) with ethylene oxide (EO)was successfully carried out by using a series of aluminum-based catalyst in 1,4-dioxane at62±2℃. The results showed that in-situ AlR_3-H_2O (R=ethyl, iso-butyl) catalysts gavehigher molecular weight (M_w～10~4), while Al(OR)_3 catalysts gave the higher alternatingcopolymer structure with slightly lower molecular weight. The in-situ AlR_3-H_2O systemshave been evaluated in more detail for the reaction which showed the optimum H_2O/Almolar ratio to be 0.5. The copolymers with different composition (F_(SA)/F_(EO)= 36/64to 45/55 mol/mol) were synthesized by using different monomer feed ratio. The melt-ing point (T_m), glass transition temperature (T_g) and enthalpy of fusion (ΔH_f) of thesecopolymers are depended on the copolymer composition and in the range of 87～102℃,-12～-18℃, and 37～66J/g, respectively. The second heating scan of DSC also in-dicated that the higher alternating copolymer was more easily recrystallized. The onsetdecomposition temperature was more than 300℃ under nitrogen and influenced by thecopolymer composition.

Au/FeO_x-TiO_2 as an efficient catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide

Au/FeOx-TiO2,prepared by deposition-precipitation method,is an efficient and stable catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide under mild reaction conditions.

Synthesis of a Poly(amide-imide)from 5,6-Diphenyl-1-chloroformyl3,4-benzenedicarboxylic Anhydride and Bis (4-aminophenyl)ether

A novel poly (amide-imide) was prepared from a novel monomer: 5,6-diphenyl-chloroformyl-3,4-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and bis (4-aminophenyl) ether. The polymer was characterized by FTIR. (HNMR)-H-1. DSC and TGA.

CONTROLLED RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE AND MALEIC ANHYDRIDE UNDER GAMMA RADIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BENZYL DITHIOBENZOATE

The copolymerization of styrene (St) with maleic anhydride (MAh) under gamma radiation at room temperature in the presence of benzyl dithiobenzoate (BDTB) was found to display 'living' nature evidenced by constant concentration of chain radicals during the copolymerization, linear evolution of molecular weights with conversion and narrow molecular weight distribution (M-w/M-n = 1.23-1.35). The compositional analysis and the sequence structural information of the copolymers obtained from DEPT (Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer) experiments demonstrate that the copolymers obtained also possess strictly alternating structure.

PHOTOCOPOLYMERIZATION OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE AND VINYL ACETATE IN TETRAHYDROFURAN~*

The copolymerization of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate in tetrahydrofuran was studied. Results show that the maximum copolymerization rate is in 0.6 mole fraction of maleic anhydride, indicating the involvement of maleic anhydride-tetrahydrofuran charge transfer complex in the chain initiation process. ESR study provides collateral evidence for the formation of maleic anhydride radical and tetrahydrofuran radical.

Safety evaluation of long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride and its non-invasive reversal on accessory reproductive organs in langurs

Aim:To evaluate the safety of the long term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) and its non-invasive reversal at the level of accessory reproductive glands (ARGs) in langurs.Methods:The morphology of seminal vesicle and ventral prostate was evaluated by light as well as transmission electron microscopy.Serum clinical chemistry and urine albumin were evaluated in an autoanalyzer using reagent kits.Fructose,acid phosphatase and zinc in the seminal plasma were evaluated spectrophotometrically according to the WHO manual.Serum testosterone, prostate specific antigen and sperm antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using reagent kits and hematology was estimated according to standard procedures.Results:The morphological features and secretory activity of the seminal vesicle and prostate were normal as evidenced by the presence of well- developed mitochondria,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi bodies,secretory granules and normal nuclear charac- teristics throughout the course of investigation.Serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen remained unaltered and serum antisperm antibodies level presented negative titres.Urine albumin was nil.Total red blood corpuscles (RBC),white blood corpuscles (WBC),hemoglobin (Hb) and red cell indices,serum protein,glucose,cholesterol, creatinine,creatine kinase (CK),serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT),serum glutamate pyruvate transami- nase (SGPT),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),bilirubin,urea,triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after its non-invasive reversal.Although fructose,acid phos- phatase (ACP) and zinc in the seminal plasma showed a significant reduction following vas occlusion,it could not be related to the morphology of seminal vesicle and prostate.Conclusion:SMA vas occlusion and its non-invasive reversal do not damage the accessory reproductive organs.

Surface Modification of Waste Tire by Grafting with Styrene and Maleic Anhydride

Waste tire powder, as waste rubber WR was subjected to grafting with styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA). Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 was used to initiate the free radical copolymerization of St onto WR. A thermal initiation was used in case of grafting of MA onto WR. Effect of initiator and monomer concentrations together with the influence of reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. The grafting was estimated by weight, and the grafted copolymers were characterized by FT/IR, DSC and SEM to prove the grafting. It has found that the grafting increases with increase monomer and initiator concentrations. The increase in the reaction temperature and time also causes increasing levels of the grafted St and MA.

Properties of Esterified Wood Prepared with Maleic Anhydride/Tetrabr Omophthalic Anhydride/Glycerol Mixture

For overcoming disadvantages of wood, an esterification process was employed and tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) was used as a reactive chemical agent to prepare an esterified wood with the high dimensional stability, flame resistance, and resistance to biodegradation from water-leaching. The experimental results indicated that esterification of wood plus maleic anhydride / tetrabromophthalic anhydride / glycerol could endow wood with dimensional stability, the antiswelling efficiency during water absorption (ASEw), reduction in water absorptivity (RWA), antiswelling efficiency during moisture absorption (ASEm), moisture excluding efficiency (MEE), and oxygen index (OI) of treated wood increased with an increase in the weight percent gain (WPG). And the treated wood showed great decay resistance and resistance to water leaching, too.