Influence of High Temperature on the Expression of Arabidopsis Heat Shock Transcription Factor AtHsfA1a

[ Objective] This study ~med to investigate the influence of high temperature on the expression of heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla in different genotypes of Arabidopsis. [ Method ] Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfA1 a were used as experimental materials and treated un- der high temperature at 39℃ for 1 rain and 5 min; total RNA of AtI-IsfAla was extracted, and the reverse transcription and amplification were conducted using RT- PCR technology, the amplification products were detected by electrophoresis. [ Result ] The expression levels of AtHsfA1 a in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla at high temperature and room temperature were higher than wild-type Arabidopsis; the expression levels of AtHsfAla in both wild-type Arab/dops/s and transgenic Arabidopsls plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla at high temperature of 39 ~C were higher than that at room temperature of 25 ~C, but the expression levels of AtHsfAla in wild-type Arab/dops/s and transgenic Arab/dops/s plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla varied little after high temperature treatment at 39 ~C for 1 rain or 5 rain. [ Conclusion] The expression of AtHsfAla is induced rapidly by high tem- perature, thus regulating the expression of early adversity-resistant genes. This study will lay the foundation demonstrating the mechanism of Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor AtHsfAla.

Reflections on the Mechanism of Cooperation between China and Arab States

During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.

Israel＇s Changing Attitude Toward the Arab National Minority： Between Ben Gurion and Eshkol Military Rule as a Test Case

In August 1963, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the procedure for terminating the martial law in effect since the end of the War of Independence （1948） with regard to Israeli Arabs. Martial law discriminated against Israel＇s Arab minority, as opposed to the majority of Israel＇s society, as part of different issues bound up with this population＇s daily functioning. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons why Eshkol＇s doing away with the martial law stemmed was its ineffectiveness, while the other, and this makes up the core of our concern here, was his changing attitude toward the Arab minority in Israel, by contrast with that of his predecessor, David Ben Gurion The main conclusion of the paper is that even though Eshkol＇s ideas about the Arab minority were not very different from Ben Gurion＇s ideas one insisted on maintaining the military government in Israel, while the other saw this as unnecessary, and so brought it to an end. In August 1963, a few months after assuming office, Israel＇s Prime Minister Levi Eshkol initiated the first steps leading to the annulment of military rulet which had applied to Arabs in the State of Israel ever since the end of the War of Independence （1948）. This process was concluded some three years later. Military rule was lifted in effect on December 1, 1966. In the presentation, the author would like to look into the considerations which prompted Eshkol to take such a step, in light of the fact that his predecessor, Ben Gurion, was a staunch opponent of annulling the military regime, convinced as he was, even after the conclusion of his term in office, that the current state of affairs should remain in effect.

Targeting Arab Markets:Is Cultural Context Irrelevant to Marketing in Libya?

Marketing experts have debated for more than two decades about the effect of nationality and culture on marketing.However,most research on this issue was conducted in Western countries.An important question for marketers in the international arena,therefore,is whether the consumer’s responses(i.e.,sentiment and behavioural aspects)toward the global marketing programs in developing countries depend on culture.In a research representing a large sample of consumers and four different home appliances country-of-origin global operators in Libya,we explore the potential role of culture on consumers’responses toward foreign marketing programs.Results indicate that although the foreign companies have a tendency to adopted standardisation perspective,this does not impact on consumers’responses in a single cultural context toward marketing.The findings reveal that buying behavior was more a function of individual difference than of national cultural context.Further,our results suggest that for mainstream home appliances,segmenting on the basis of nationality is probably unnecessary and that a standardized approach would likely be successful across an increasingly relevant Arab world;and that continuing perceptions of Arab insularity are likely to be misplaced.Faced with the effectiveness of globally efficient marketing programs,local manufacturers would need to work hard to identify particular niche segments where a culturally-specific appeal might be more successful.

传输光脉冲宽度对10Gb/s PMD补偿系统影响的实验分析

建立了以偏振度(DOP)作为反馈信号的10Gbit/s偏振模色散自适应补偿系统。实验中对于不同的光脉冲宽度,系统对偏振模色散的补偿效果具有明显的差异。最后,通过多次实验改进,找到了相应的改进方法。

Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: II

This study aimed to develop an educational model that integrates three elements: knowledge, skills, and attitudes—developing the educational model proposed in the previous Paper I—and to widely investigate and characterize previous learning-related models. The basic educational model proposed here is my seven-step process model of rehabilitation practice. Knowledge consists of four aspects: 1) clinical, 2) psychological, 3) environmental, and 4) disability;skills consist of two steps: 5) identifying intervention points and 6) setting feasible goals;and attitudes 7) of communicating and sharing policies and paths with patients, families, and other professionals. This constitutes the process of rehabilitation practice, and a framework that integrates the three elements is developed here. This study focuses on integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes into what Bloom described as “the integration of instruction and assessment” so that learners and instructors can reconcile them. Therefore, a typology that explains each other for advancing and deepening individual skills is adopted. In Bloom’s original taxonomy of educational goals, the cognitive domain has five layers in the pyramid of knowledge;the psychomotor domain of Simpson’s has seven layers, and Bloom’s affective domain is represented by five in another pyramid. In addition, the above seven layers of the process model and the seven layers of the skill level of the Dreyfus model were brought together. The integration of the above five typologies becomes a useful educational evaluation model when the relationships are clarified.

Developing Skills in Intra-Workplace Rehabilitation Education: II

This study aimed to develop an educational model that integrates three elements: knowledge, skills, and attitudes—developing the educational model proposed in the previous Paper I—and to widely investigate and characterize previous learning-related models. The basic educational model proposed here is my seven-step process model of rehabilitation practice. Knowledge consists of four aspects: 1) clinical, 2) psychological, 3) environmental, and 4) disability;skills consist of two steps: 5) identifying intervention points and 6) setting feasible goals;and attitudes 7) of communicating and sharing policies and paths with patients, families, and other professionals. This constitutes the process of rehabilitation practice, and a framework that integrates the three elements is developed here. This study focuses on integrating knowledge, skills, and attitudes into what Bloom described as “the integration of instruction and assessment” so that learners and instructors can reconcile them. Therefore, a typology that explains each other for advancing and deepening individual skills is adopted. In Bloom’s original taxonomy of educational goals, the cognitive domain has five layers in the pyramid of knowledge;the psychomotor domain of Simpson’s has seven layers, and Bloom’s affective domain is represented by five in another pyramid. In addition, the above seven layers of the process model and the seven layers of the skill level of the Dreyfus model were brought together. The integration of the above five typologies becomes a useful educational evaluation model when the relationships are clarified.

欧洲难民危机与美国民主输出的悖论

新世纪以来,美国大搞民主输出,其理想主义的膨胀并没有脱离追求现实利益的目标。美国的民主输出战略在阿拉伯国家造成了严重的武装冲突,进而造成了涌向欧洲的难民大潮。当下难民危机正是伊拉克战争和"阿拉伯之春"对阿拉伯国家造成的灾难性后果,凸显了美国民主输出的错误性、不道德性和危害性,足以证明美式民主制度不具普世性,足以否定美国民主输出的合法性。合法性的缺失和西方民主普适性的绝对化构成了美国民主输出的悖论。难民危机警示世人,发展中国家切莫以牺牲政治稳定为代价去追求不符合本国国情的西方民主形式。

从多元历史视野宏观中国现代化问题:蒙古西征与人类文明

文章分析马克.尔文对于有关近代和近代早期中国现代化困难的各种理论的批驳,并指出11-12世纪以还中国人口的增长是中国本土"早期现代化/本土性的现代化"发展放缓的一个基本因素。与此同样重要但常被人忽略的是第13-14世纪蒙元政权对中国文化传统的巨大冲击,引致两千多年来一直作为中国"文化-社会-政治精英"(儒生/士人)的领导阶层建构的整体结构性变化,以及相伴而来的儒学思想文化道义精神的变异与消沉,对明清政治、经济、道德和知识/文化的影响。文章比较分析(1)蒙古征服对中东地区阿拉伯-穆斯林人带来的冲击,(2)蒙古汗国对中世纪西欧(和日本)带来的恩惠,和(3)蒙古的征服和统治对以基辅和莫斯科为中心的俄罗斯地区不同的影响;以推论蒙古征服对在第10-15世纪处在早期近代化初阶(资本主义/民族主义萌芽)时期的中国的影响。

沙特站在十字路口——当前沙特主要困境及政策调整

沙特立国主要依靠石油、宗教和沙特—美国关系三大支柱。但近些年来,沙特三大支柱均面临挑战:页岩气革命动摇了沙特传统能源大国地位;沙特—美国共同利益的减少削弱了双方战略合作根基;极端主义反噬使沙特自食其果。在此背景下,沙特积极谋求以变求存:经济领域提出'2030愿景';宗教领域强化'去极端化'举措;外交上谋求外交多元化。但沙特面临的问题积重难返,非短期的政策调整所能奏效。

The Reasons and Consequences of Political and Social Unrest in Arab Countries

There are many complex internal causes and external reasons for the intense political and social unrest in the Arab world.The United States and other Western powers are actively involved.The unrest will initiate a new historical chapter seeking a fresh path of development for citizens of the Arab world.The current unrest will last for some time and will undoubtedly have comprehensive impact on the entire configuration of the Middle East.The US dominance of Middle Eastern affairs has diminished,but its overall status has not been shaken.

The Economic and Trade Factors in China’s National Image in the Arab Countries

In the context of globalization,although governments maintain the leading role in shaping the image of states,the increasing bilateral economic and trade exchanges are gradually becoming an equally important,if not more important,element.The recent years have witnessed a continuous growth of trade between China and Arab countries—a newly established crucial trading partner and platform for practicing the“going-out”strategy.Thanks to both sides complimenting each other,a positive win-win situation has been achieved.However,as more and more Chinese merchandises and enterprises have entered the Arab world,certain problems have emerged,such as poor quality of merchandises,illegal operation of enterprises,and difficulties of certain Chinese employees integrating into local life.These economic and trade elements have become key factors in shaping China’s image in the Arab countries,and hence should not be left unattended.

Two-stage adaptive PMD compensation in 40-Gb/s OTDM optical communication system

An experiment of two-stage adaptive compensation for polarization mode dispersion (PMD) iu a 40-Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed communication system is reported. The PMD monitoring technique based on degree of polarization was adopted. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was introduced in adaptive PMD compensation. The comparison was made to estimate the effectiveness between PSO algorithms with global neighborhood structure (GPSO) and with local neighborhood structure (LPSO). The LPSO algorithm is shown to be more effective to search global optimum for PMD compensation than GPSO algorithm. The two-stage PMD compensator is shown to be effective for both first- and second-order PMD, and he compensator is shown to be bit rate independent. The optimum searching time is within one huudred milliseconds.

Economic Analysis on the Motives of China’s FDI in Africa:A Case Study on North Africa

Taking the Arab countries of North Africa as specific case studies,the author first describes the general situation of China’s Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)in that region,and then makes a detailed analysis over the motives of such investment by an employment of methodology derived from fundamental principles of international economics.Finally,the author comes up with a proposal on the strategic options on the types of FDI that should be adopted by Chinese enterprises and the target sectors&industries that deserve more attention from Chinese investors.The author argues that China’s FDI into Africa has been promoted mainly by a series of domestic factors,including adjustment of China’s domestic industrial structure,a trend of pluralizing sources of procurement in its national strategies on energy and resources,and intent to avoid external trade frictions and barriers by domestic entrepreneurs and merchants.The Arab countries in North Africa now become the major targets of China’s FDI in Africa,which can be mainly attributed to their relatively steady economic growth,good business environment,and strong national competitiveness.From the author’s point of view,China’s FDI in North Africa should focus on three types:resource-oriented investment,export-oriented investment,and industry-oriented investment.China’s FDI in this region should be mainly streamed into such sectors and industries as energy,agriculture,machinery,and telecommunication.

中东地缘政治格局变化与中阿经贸发展长远战略

美国在中东实施战略收缩,导致中东地缘政治格局发生深刻变化:美国与中东传统盟国的关系出现裂痕,中东国家寻求外交多元化;俄罗斯和法国等大国获得在中东扩大影响的空间;教派矛盾尖锐,极端宗教势力和恐怖主义组织活动猖獗,中东政局动荡长期化;中东面临军备竞赛和核竞赛的危险。中东地缘政治格局变化对中阿经贸关系的发展将产生重大影响:一方面增加了中国在阿拉伯世界的战略回旋余地,为扩大与阿拉伯国家的经贸关系提供了新机遇;另一方面,也使中国在发展与阿拉伯国家经贸关系时面临更为激烈的竞争和政局动荡带来的各种风险。从长远来看,中国应在中东地缘政治格局变化中趋利避害,合理布局,确定战略支点国家;根据阿拉伯国家不同经济发展水平,以及中国的经济发展需要和相对优势,确定重点合作领域。