Effect of Milk Processed Arnebiae Radix on Body Temperature of Fever Rats

[Objectives]To investigate the synergistic effect of Arnebiae Radix after processing.[Methods]The effects of raw Arnebiae Radix and milk processed Arnebiae Radix on hypothermia in yeast-induced febrile rats were compared.[Results]The processed and unprocessed Arnebiae Radix at high,medium and low doses all had a certain effect on inhibiting the rise of body temperature in rats.The high dose unprocessed group,the medium dose processed group and the high dose processed group had the best inhibitory effect on body temperature,the low dose processed group could delay the fever time,and the low dose unprocessed group had poor inhibitory effect on fever.[Conclusions]The prepared Arnebiae Radix has enhanced drug effect,and milk processed Arnebiae Radix can be used to replace common Arnebiae Radix to reduce the dosage of Arnebiae Radix and save Arnebiae Radix resources.

Effectiveness of a hydroxynaphthoquinone fraction from Arnebia euchroma in rats with experimental colitis

AIM:To evaluate the potential effectiveness of hydroxynaphthoquinone mixture(HM)in rats with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis.METHODS:Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS(80 mg/kg,dissolved in 50%ethanol).Rats were treated daily for 7 d with HM(2.5,5,10 mg/kg)and mesalazine 100 mg/kg 24 h after TNBS instillation.Disease progression was monitored daily by observation of clinical signs and body weight change.At the end of the experiment,macroscopic and histopathologic lesions of rats were scored,and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity was determined.We also determined inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αlevel by ELISA,Western blotting and immunochemistry to explore the potential mechanisms of HM.RESULTS:After intracolonic instillation of TNBS,animals developed colitis associated with soft stool,diarrhea and marked colonic destruction.Administration of HM significantly attenuated clinical and histopathologic severity of TNBS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner.It abrogated body weight loss,diarrhea and inflammation,decreased macroscopic damage score,and improved histological signs,with a significant reduction of inflammatory infiltration,ulcer size and the severity of goblet cell depletion(all P<0.05 vs TNBS alone group).HM could reduce MPO activity.In addition,it also decreased serum TNF-αlevel and down-regulated TNF-αexpression in colonic tissue.This reduction was statistically significant when the dose of HM was 10 mg/kg(P<0.05 vs TNBS alone group),and the effect was comparable to that of mesalazine and showed no apparent adverse effect.The underlying mechanism may be associated with TNF-αinhibition.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that HM possesses favourable therapeutic action in TNBS-induced colitis,which provides direct pharmacological evidence for its clinical application.

Radical scavenging and antibacterial activity of Arnebia benthamii methanol extract

Objective:To evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Arnebia benthamii（A.benthamii） whole plant.Methods:Plasmid damage was analyzed by agarose gell electrophoresis.Calf thymus DNA was monitored by TBARS formation.DPPH, reducing power and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by using standard procedures.Antibacterial assay was monitored by disc diffusion method.Results:DPPH radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential of the plant revealed that the extract to be active radical scavenger.Reducing(Fe3+-Fe2+) power and lipid peroxidation inhibition efficiency（TBARS assay） of the extract was also evaluated and the extract showed promising activity in preventing lipid peroxidation and might prevent oxidative damages to biomolecules.The extract offered a significant protection against plasmid and calf thymus UNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. The extract was also evaluated on different bacterial strains and the maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited against Escherichia coli（E.coli） when compared with standard drug. Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that the methanol extract of A.benthamii has excellent anti-oxidant activities and could be considered as a potential source of lead molecules for pharmaceutical industries.

Comparative Study on Effects of Arnebia Euchroma (Royle) Johnst Granular and Decoction Forms on Medical AbortionwithMifepristone andMisoprostol

Objective To compare the effects of 2 dosage-forms (granular and decoction) of Arnebia euchroma (royle) Johnst (Arnebia EJ in short below) on medical abortion with that of mifepristone combined with misoprostol Methods Totally 648 women, who had pregnancy of 38-45 d and were willing to terminate pregnancy with mifepristone and misoprostol, were randomly divided into 3 groups, each of which was respectively given granular of Arnebia EJ, placebo granular, or decoction of Arnebia EJ besides mifepristone and misoprostol. The abortion results, bleeding duration, menstruation recovery and side-effects were observed. Results Neither complete abortion rates nor average bleeding durations of the granular group and the decoction group were significantly different (P>0.05). The complete abortion rate and bleeding duration of the two groups were respectively higher and shorter than those of the placebo group (P<0.05). However, the menstruation recov- ery was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05). The decoction of Arnebia EJ caused significantly more nausea and vomiting than the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The granular form did not have the odor of Arnebia EJ, and caused much less nausea and vomiting compared with the decoction form. The granular and decoc- tion forms were equally effective in improving the results of medical abortion. There- fore it is necessary to conduct further studies on the granular form of Arnebia EJ.

Clinical experimental study of Arnebia root oil promoting histological change and up-regulating bFGF expression in the wound

Objective: To explore the molecular biological mechanism of Arnebia root oil promoting wound surface healing by observing histological change and bFGF expression in wound surface tissue as well as wound surface healing rate. Methods: Raw surface in patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental group was treated by Arnebia root oil and control group was treated by petrolatum gauze, then the tissular structure of raw surface was observed by histology, histochemistry. electron microscope and raw surface healing rates was compared either. bFGF expression in wound surface tissue was also evaluated by Western-blot. Results: Raw surface healing rate of experimental group and control group had obvious difference(P<0. 05). Raw surface of experimental group had more fibroblast, collagen and blood capillary. bFGF was expressed in both groups, and the level of bFGF expression in experimental group was higher than that in control group in every period. There were significant differences between 2 groups in gray-density value ( P<0. 05). Being as an internal control, no significant change was found for β-actin expression, although it occured in various phases. Conclusion: Arnebia root oil plays an important regulative role in the course of healing of wound and it can promote skin raw surface repair and accelerate wound surface healing, which are caused by enhancing bFGF in the wound tissue.

Enhancement of Shikonin Production in Cell Suspension Cultures of Arnebia Euchroma Employing Two-Liquid-Phase Systems

1 INTRODUCTIONThe production of secondary metabolites using plant cells has been the subject of much inter-est in recent years.Despite that tremendous research efforts had been made in this topic,notmany products have reached the commercial stage.It is generally acknowledged that the mainproblem in this field is the lack of basic knowledge of the biosynthetic routes,and the mechanisms found to bring about the production of such secondary metabolites.There are,however,some techniques that have beneficial effects on the production and ex-

Clinical experimental study of Arnebia Root oil in increasing FGF expression and promoting wound surface healing

Objective：To investigate the effection of Arnebia Root oil on the FGF expression in wound surface and the ability to promote wound surface healing. Methods：24 wound surfaces of patients were divided into two groups. Experimental group was treated by Arnebia Root oil and the control was treated by petrolatum gauze. Histology, histochemistry, electron microscope methods and healing rate measurement were used to show the FGF expression and wound healing process. Results：Endogenous FGF were expressed in both of the groups, in which of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the wound surface healing rate of experimental group was also higher and paralleled with FGF expression. Conclusion：Arnebia Root oil has effects to promote FGF expression and enhances wound surface repair. The wound healing mechanism between the action of Arnebia Root oil and function of FGF need further investigating.

不同生境条件下软紫草(Arnebia euchroma)结实特性的差异

对软紫草在自然生境及人工栽培条件下的结实结籽特性进行比较分析。结果表明：软紫草不同居群、同一居群的不同生境以及同一生境的不同年份，在结实特性上均表现出不同程度的差异。自然居群软紫草植株的花数、结实率、结1～2粒和3粒种子的花的频率分布、种子产量、结籽率及种子千粒重均远低于人工栽培居群，彼此间存在极显著差异；自然居群各样地植株的花数、结实率、结1粒和2粒种子的花的频率分布、种子产量及结籽率均表现为样地S1〉样地S3〉样地S2，种子千粒重表现为样地S1〉样地S2〉样地S3，其中，结实率、种子产量、结籽率和种子千粒重在各样地间存在极显著差异。不同年份中，自然居群样地S1植株的结实、结籽率无显著差异，但花数、种子产量和种子千粒重存在极显著差异；而栽培居群植株的花数、结实结籽率、单株种子产量存在极显著差异，种子千粒重存在显著差异。

基于2种色素的pH响应型指示膜的制备及性能研究

目的色素是pH响应型指示膜的重要组成,其性质关系着智能指示膜的响应性能,为了探究不同色素对智能指示膜性能的影响。方法以紫草色素(AERE)和紫甘薯色素(ATH)为pH显色剂,以琼脂糖(AG)为成膜基质、甘油为增塑剂,采用流延法制备得到了AG-AERE和AG-ATH 2种体系pH响应型指示膜。采用FT-IR、SEM对指示膜的微观结构进行了表征,对指示膜的力学性能、水溶解性、水溶胀性、水蒸气透过性等进行了测定,同时还考察了其pH响应性、颜色稳定性及体系中染料迁移等性能。结果AG-AERE体系指示膜在4种实验条件下的颜色稳定性均好于AG-ATH体系指示膜,AG-ATH体系指示膜在不同pH区间的颜色响应变化值明显大于AG-AERE体系指示膜。结论AG-ATH体系指示膜对pH变化更为敏感,更适合作为pH响应型新鲜度指示膜,AG-AERE体系指示膜在水性和酸性食品模拟液中染料迁移较低,而AG-ATH体系指示膜在油脂类食品模拟液中几乎无染料迁移,更适合用于油脂类食品的指示包装。

真菌诱导子调控紫草素合成的分子机制探究

为探讨真菌诱导子调控紫草素合成的分子机制,以新疆紫草无菌苗为试材,经尖孢镰刀菌、立枯丝核菌制备成的诱导子生物诱导后,对其根部进行RNA测序和分析。结果表明,与对照组比较,尖孢镰刀菌试验组差异表达基因1735个;立枯丝核菌试验组差异表达基因1043个。GO(gene ontology)分析发现,2个试验组差异表达基因主要富集在细胞过程、细胞组分中膜和分子功能中催化活性等生物学过程。KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)分析发现,2个试验组在植物与病原菌互作、植物激素信号转导途径和苯丙素合成等通路均有大量差异表达基因富集。2个试验组差异表达情况相同的转录因子主要包括bHLH、AP2/ERF-ERF和LOB等,并发现参与紫草素合成及其正向调控的AeGHQH、AeDSH1、AeAP、AePAL、AeDI2、AePGT、AeHMGR、AeG10H基因在2个试验组均上调表达,其中尖孢镰刀菌试验组上调表达较显著。以上结果从分子水平探究了新疆紫草对真菌诱导子生物诱导的响应机制,为未来真菌诱导子应用于新疆紫草种植生产奠定了理论基础。

遮阴条件下两种短命植物的叶绿素荧光特性及适应性差异

为探明短命植物的光合适应性,本研究以卷果涩芥(Malcolmia scorpioides)和硬萼软紫草(Arnebia decumbens)为试验对象,研究了遮阴率为75%的4个时间梯度(0、1、7、14 d)下两种短命植物叶绿素荧光日变化及遮阴14 d后叶绿素含量和生物量的变化。结果表明:1) 0 d时,两种短命植物最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),实际光合效率Y (Ⅰ)和Y (Ⅱ)在午间(14:00)明显降低(P <0.05),存在午间光抑。2)遮阴1和7 d,两种短命植物光合效率日变化呈“单峰”型曲线,14:00时上升至峰值,并伴随环式电子传递流量子产量[Y (CEF)]上升,光抑制被改善;14 d时,卷果涩芥PSⅠ受体端限制引起的量子产量[Y (NA)]和PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产量[Y (NO)]升高,光系统受损,光合活性下降。3)与未遮阴环境相比,遮阴环境的午间14:00卷果涩芥光合活性下降95.3%,光损伤程度增加95.0%,硬萼软紫草光合活性上升4.0%,热耗散效率下降18.6%。4)遮阴14 d后,两种短命植物的叶绿素含量和生物量均下降,且卷果涩芥的下降率高于硬萼软紫草。综上,硬萼软紫草较卷果涩芥耐阴,14 d内的遮阴均可提高硬萼软紫草的光保护能力,改善光抑制,而卷果涩芥的改善效果仅限7 d内,超过7 d时光合利用率降低。

紫草的研究进展及质量标志物的预测

目的:预测分析紫草的质量标志物,为构建和完善紫草的质量标准提供参考。方法:搜索CNKI、pubmed、Web of science、万方等数据库的文献资料,对紫草的化学成分及药理作用进行总结归纳,并从植物亲缘学与化学成分特有性证据、传统药性药效、配伍规律、临床新用途和化学成分可测性等方面对其质量标志物(Quality marker,Q-Marker)进行预测分析。结果:紫草中主要含有萘醌类、多糖类、单萜苯酚及黄酮类等多种化学成分,现代药理研究表明紫草具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、保肝护肝和免疫调节等药理作用,并发现紫草传统功效及临床新用途相关的活性成分主要为多糖类及苯丙素类成分,并初步预测紫草素、乙酰紫草素、β-乙酰氧基-异戊酰阿卡宁、异丁酰紫草素、β,β′-二甲基丙烯酰阿卡宁等成分可作为紫草的Q-marker的候选物。结论:初步预测出紫草相关Q-Marker,以期为紫草药材质量的深入研究及综合运用提供参考。

Arnequinol A and arnequinone A, two unique meroterpenoids from Arnebia euchroma

Arnequinol A(1),featuring an unprecedented 6/6/3 tricyclic carbon skeleton fused with a heptatomic oxo-bridge,together with arnequinone A(2)bearing a highly conjugated methyl-shifting benzogeijerene skeleton,were isolated from Arnebia euchroma.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectro-scopic methods and quantum chemical calculations of the 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)data and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1 and 2 were presented.In in vitro test,compound 2 showed potent neuroprotective activity against serum-deprivation induced PC12 cell damage at a concentration of 10μmol/L.

新疆乌什县不同海拔黄花软紫草生长及生理特性

【目的】考察不同海拔黄花软紫草生长及生理特性,探讨其不同生境下的生态适应机制,为其野生资源保护利用提供依据。【方法】以塔里木盆地西北部乌什县黄花软紫草为研究对象,观测5个海拔(1155,1227,1332,1533,2137 m)下叶片形态、植株生长,光合色素、渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性。【结果】随着海拔增加,黄花软紫草株高、地上生物量、总生物量、叶面积、比叶面积以及叶绿素a、b含量逐渐下降,最高海拔处株高、地上生物量、比叶面积分别比最低海拔处显著下降22.89%、31.77%和26.58%,同时比叶重、根冠比和类胡萝卜素含量、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶活性均逐渐增加,且最高海拔与最低海拔处差异显著。【结论】乌什县黄花软紫草生长和生物量积累在海拔1155 m处最佳,其受到环境胁迫随着海拔升高而加重,但其能通过调整生活策略、提高渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性以适应高海拔生境。

新疆紫草多糖提取、脱色工艺优化

目的优化新疆紫草多糖提取、脱色工艺。方法以液料比、浸提温度、浸提时间为影响因素,多糖得率为评价指标,Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺。以上样质量浓度、上样体积、洗脱体积流量为影响因素,多糖脱色率、保留率的总评“归一值”(OD值)为评价指标,Box-Behnken响应面法优化脱色工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比43∶1,浸提温度79℃,浸提时间134 min,多糖得率为(2.79±0.05)%。最佳脱色工艺为上样质量浓度1.6 mg/mL,上样体积1 mL,洗脱体积流量2 BV/h,OD值为0.56。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于新疆紫草多糖的提取和脱色。

紫草植物染料对天丝织物的印花工艺研究

探究了紫草植物染料在天丝织物上的印花工艺。以海藻酸钠、瓜尔豆胶、羧甲基纤维素钠为原糊,测试印花后织物的K/S值,分析了染料用量、汽蒸温度、汽蒸时间、渗透剂用量对印花效果的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠作为原糊用于紫草植物染料对天丝织物印花具有良好的印花效果,优化印花工艺参数为:染料7.5%,汽蒸温度105℃,汽蒸时间30 min,渗透剂JFC 3%;在此工艺条件下,印花天丝织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均能达到3~4级或以上。

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Arnebiae Radix and Dictamni Cortex and efficacy study of herbal extracts on allergic contact dermatitis using 3D human reconstructed epidermis

Objective:To evaluate the quality of Arnebiae Radix(AR)and Dictamni Cortex(DC)and study the efficacy of herbal extracts of these two herbs on the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis(ACD).Methods:Qualitative and quantitative analysis of effective components was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography(HPTLC),High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC),and HPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry(HPLC-QTOF-MS).In vitro allergic ACD 3D model was established by incubating 3D reconstructed human epidermis(RHE)with skin sensitizer,potassium dichromate.A total of 65 gene expression that were associated with ACD,which included 24 antioxidant responsive element(ARE)and 41 SENS-IS genes were quantified by q RT-PCR.More than or equal to 10 ARE genes and 18 SENN-IS genes were induced by 1.3-fold,demonstrating the successful establishment of in vitro ACD model.Oil extracts of AR and DC were applied on the in vitro ACD model to study the efficacy.Results:Batch 3 of AR and batch 2 of DC showed presence of all active ingredients with the highest concentrations.Active ingredients of the herbs were extracted using a special oil and formulated into herbal oil extracts.The herbal oil extracts were able to down regulate the induced genes in the in-vitro ACD skin model,bringing the tissue back to homeostatic status.Conclusion:The oil extracts showed the potent efficacy of using AR and DC in ACD treatment.The combination study will be done to optimize the formulation ratio which will be developed into a topical cream.

一种多效婴幼儿紫草膏的制备研究

以自制紫草油为原料,通过O/W乳化法制备一种多效婴幼儿紫草膏。采取正交实验法,以紫草素含量为指标,优化紫草油制备工艺,考查优化后制得的紫草膏在高温、低温高湿和强光照射条件下的贮存稳定性,检测微生物和重金属含量。结果表明,采用茶树油作为辅料油,紫草油最佳制备工艺为辅料油用量200 mL,浸泡时间2天,加热温度50℃。经优化后制得的紫草膏不适合长时间在高温和高湿条件下储存,在强光照射下和低温条件下未发生明显变化,微生物和重金属含量均符合标准。

新疆紫草色素在羊毛织物染色中的应用

为系统研究新疆紫草色素在羊毛织物染色中的应用效果,以正交试验优化了紫草色素在羊毛织物上的染色工艺条件。结果表明,采用直接染色工艺,在色素质量分数4%(omf)、温度80℃、pH 4.0及时间60 min的条件下,织物可获得较高的染色深度(K/S值9.2)。将铝盐、铁盐作为媒染剂,用新疆紫草色素对羊毛织物分别进行预媒染、同浴媒染以及后媒染染色,染后织物的各项色牢度比直接染色法均有所提高。

紫草防治血热证的活性成分挖掘与机制探讨

目的在血热证小鼠模型上评价紫草清热机理。方法综合网络药理学方法筛选成药性分子,构建2,4-二硝基苯酚(2,4-Dinitrophenol,DNP)诱导的血热证小鼠模型及高温联合脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的血热证小鼠模型,评价药效并分析关联靶标和相关因子。结果收集紫草素相关靶标277个,主要涉及炎症反应、氧化反应和凝血反应等生物过程。代表化合物紫草素显著改善血热证小鼠的主要证候,降低两种模型炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平,减少氧化损伤指标LPO、MDA含量;抑制NF-κB p65的表达,上调Nrf2蛋白是主要作用机制。结论紫草素通过抑制炎症和提高抗氧化能力发挥防治血热证的药理作用,提供了紫草防治血热症的理论依据。