介词around语义认知阐释及实证研究

意象图式和概念隐喻是认知语言学中重要的两个理论,对介词多义现象的阐释和教学有着重要的启示。以介词around为例,运用意象图式理论和概念隐喻理论阐释其多义性的形成过程,并通过实证研究探讨这两个理论运用于介词教学的可行性和实效性。研究发现:around多义的形成实际是一个由核心意义以其原型意义的静态图式和动态图式向其引申意义扩展,以及由空间认知域向时间认知域的映射过程。学生认识和理解介词around的语义范畴产生机制,能够提高长期记忆效果,最终有效提高介词around的习得效果。在介词教学中,教师应当运用认知语言学相关理论阐释其语义认知机制,帮助学生掌握多义介词的语义延伸,提高介词的习得效果。

On the Development Principles and Models of Recreational Belt around Small and Middle Cities

The definition and type of recreational belt around metropolis were introduced,the development principles of recreational spot around small and middle cities were analyzed.With Baoding City as an example,the empirical analysis was conducted,and the development models of recreational spot around metropolis in Baoding City were put forward.

Research on the Development of Leisure Agriculture Tourism in the Area around Poyang Lake

Leisure agriculture tourism is the combination of agriculture and tourism,which is an important part of the new rural construction.The area around Poyang Lake is rich in flora and fauna,landscape,agricultural and fishing products,folk and other natural and cultural resources,so it has good infrastructure of leisure agriculture tourism.Under the background of the formal approval of "Planning of eco-economical region in the area of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province" by the State Council,which aims to escalate the constructing of Poyang Lake from eco-economical region to national strategic policy,leisure agriculture tourism in the area around Poyang Lake has broad development prospects.This paper discussed the advantages,and disadvantages of the development and management of leisure agriculture tourism in the area around Poyang Lake,and also put forward some suggestions and countermeasures.

Design Around Bundle Patent Portfolio Based on Technological Evolution

Product innovation can be achieved by analyzing leading products patents in the market.Different methods have been proposed for design around patent,commonly using the elimination or replacement of a single patent element However,the existing research fails to restore the position and function of the design around object in the original patent portfolio of enterprises,which often leads to the phenomenon of evading one patent and violating another.This paper proposes a method for design around patent through using the fusion of technologies of the evolution theory and bundle-type patent portfolio analysis in the initial stage of product development.The object system is analyzed to select technical opportunities through the evolutionary path of technologies and functional trimming methods to achieve circumvent barriers of bundle-type patents.The bundle patent portfolio is analyzed for the product evolution with a radar map.The technological evolution path is combined with the TRIZ innovation method to identify and solve the design problem.Patentability of the new design is evaluated using the patent system rules for innovative scheme difference from the original patent portfolio.The method is verified in a case study for the design of a glass-wiping robot.The design solution has been patented.

利用Walkaround VSP预测井周围裂缝发育带的方法探索

Walkaround VSP是一种炮点在井周围等井源距、等炮检距的一种观测方法,利用其资料可以研究井周围的裂缝发育情况。研究了Walkaround VSP处理流程及技术,在动校正道集上对反射点进行了水平位移校正,进一步拾取了目的层反射,计算底、顶能量比,得到了能量比平面分布图,预测了井周围裂缝发育带。

Contribution of South China Sea Tropical Cyclones to an Increase in Southern China Summer Rainfall Around 1993

The increase in southern China summer rainfall around 1993 was accompanied by an increase in tropical cyclones that formed in the South China Sea. This study documents the connection of these two features. Our analysis shows that the contribution of tropical cyclones that formed in the South China Sea to southern China summer rainfall experienced a significant increase around 1993, in particular, along the coast and in the heavy rain category. The number of tropical cyclones that formed in the western North Pacific and entered the South China Sea decreased, and their contribution to summer rainfall was reduced in eastern part of southern China （but statistically insignificant）. The increase in tropical cyclone-induced rainfall contributed up to -30＆ of the total rainfall increase along the coastal regions. The increase of tropical cyclones in the South China Sea appears to be related to an increase in local sea surface temperature.

Numerical Study on the Velocity Structure around Tidal Fronts in the Yellow Sea

The velocity components across tidal fronts are examined using the Blumberg and Mellor 3-D nonlinear numerical coastal circulation model incorporated with the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulent closure model based on the reasonable model output of the M2 tide and density residual currents. In the numerical experiments, upwelling motion appears around all the fronts with different velocity structures, accounting for surface cold water around the fronts. The experiments also suggest that the location and formation of fronts are closely related to topography and tidal mixing, as is the velocity structure around the front.

Numerical simulation of characteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan

POM97, an oceanic model, has been used for the first time to the numerical study on the tidal waves of the as Regions around Taiwan. In this paper, we have got the result that the semidiurnal tidal waves of these area mainly are the co-operating tides which come from the south of 23'N of the western Pacific. Those semidiurnal tidal waves affecting the Taiwan Straits come respectively from the south and the north entrance of the channel, and the north tidal wave is stronger than the south one. The strongest tidal field is the area from the Meizhou Bay to the Xinhua Bay along the coast of Fujian Province, where the biggest amplitude of the M2 partial tide can reach 240 cm. The strongest tidal cur- rent fields lie in the Penghu watercourse, where the maximum velocity of the M2 partial tide can arrive at 196 m/s. In the horizontal structure of the tidal currets, we have found that there is a stream dot in the north of the channel, besides, there still exist four new ones. As for the vertical structure, it mainly is biassed to the right at the surface, and to the left near the bottom layer.

Endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery:A new therapeutic approach for diseases located around the aorta ventralis

AIM To assess the efficiency of endoscopic trans-esophageal submucosal tunneling surgery(EESTS) technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.METHODS Nine pigs were assigned to EESTs. The procedures were as follows: First, a long esophageal submucosal tunnel was established. Second, full-thickness myotomy was created. Third, an endoscope was entered into the abdominal cavity through a muscle incision and the endoscope was around the aorta ventralis. Eventually,celiac trunk ganglion neurolysis, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy, partial tissue resection in the area of the posterior peritoneum, and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) combined with lymph node dissection were performed. The animals were given antibiotics for 5 d and necropsied 7 d after surgery.RESULTS In all surgeries, one pig died from intraperitoneal hemorrhage after doing partial splenectomy, while the other pigs were alive after successfully operating other surgeries. For surgery of celiac trunk ganglion damage, at necropsy, there was no exudation in the abdominal cavity. Regarding surgery of partial hepatectomy, the wound with part healing was observed in the left hepatic lobe, and no bleeding or obvious exudation was seen. In surgery of partial splenectomy, massive hemorrhage was observed on the splenic wound surface, and the metal clips could not stop bleeding. After surgery of retroperitoneal tissue resection, mild tissue adhesion was observed in the abdominal cavity of one animal, and another one suffered from severe infection. For surgery of ESD and lymph node dissection, a moderate tissue adhesion was observed.CONCLUSION EESTS is a feasible and safe technique for diseases located around the aorta ventralis.

Investigation of scale efect for the computation of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder

In order to investigate the scale effect of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder, two similarity numbers （criteria） based on turbulent kinetic and dissipation rates associ- ated with the fluctuation characteristics of turbulence wake are deduced by analyzing the Reynolds averaged NavierStokes equations （RANS）. The RNG k-s models and finite volume method are used to solve the governing equations and the second-order implicit time and upwind space discretization algorithms are used to discrete the governing equations. A numerical computation of flow parameters around a two-dimensional circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers ranging from 102 to l07 is accomplished and the result indicates that the fluctuation of turbulence flow along the center line in the wake of circular cylinder can never be changed with increasing Reynolds numbers when Re ≥ 3 × 10^6. This conclusion is useful for controlling the scale of numerical calculations and for applying model test data to engineering practice.

Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation of the Turbulent Flow Around Circular Cylinder with Dynamic Hybrid RANS/LES Model

In order to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the dynamic hybrid RANS/LES(DHRL)model,the flow around a cylinder with sinusoidal fluctuating velocity at the inlet was used as the test case.The latest computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model can flexibly choose any existing large-eddy simulation(LES)method combined with RANS method to calculate the flow field.In addition,the DLES model and DDES model are selected as typical representatives of the turbulence model to compare the capture ability of the flow field mechanism.The internal flow field including the y+value,velocity distribution,turbulent kinetic energy and vortex structures is comprehensively analyzed.Finally,the results show that the new model has enough sensitivity to capture the information of the flow field and has more consistent velocity distribution with the experimental value,which shows its potential in practical engineering applications to some extent.

Simulation of Flow Around Cylinder Actuated by DBD Plasma

The electric-static body force model is obtained by solving Maxwell＇s electromagnetic equations. Based on the electro-static model, numerical modeling of flow around a cylinder with a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma effect is also presented. The flow streamlines between the numerical simulation and the particle image velocimetry （PIV） experiment are consistent. According to the numerical simulation, DBD plasma can reduce the drag coefficient and change the vortex shedding frequencies of flow around tile cylinder.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH SURFACE SUCTION OR BLOWING USING VORTICITY-VELOCITY METHOD

A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.

UNSTEADY INTERACTION OF SHOCK WAVE DIFFRACTING AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN AIR

The reflection and diffraction of a planar shock wave around a circular cylinder are a typical problem of the complex nonlinear shock wave phenomena in literature.It has long been studied experimentally,analytically as well as numerically.Takayama in 1987 obtained clear experimental pictures ofisopycnics in shock tube under the condi- tion that the impinging shock wave propagates as far as 3 diameters away from the cylinder.To know more complete- ly the whole unsteady process,it is desirable to get experimental results in a region which is more than 10 diameters away from the cylinder.This is what has been done in this paper by using the pulsed laser holographic interferometry for several shock Mach numbers of the impinging shock. Results for several moments are shown,giving more know- ledge about the whole unsteady flow field.This is useful for a reliable and complete understanding of the changing force acting on the cylinder,and provides interesting data to check the performance of many recently developed high resolution numerical methods for unsteady shock wave calculation.

The Research of Impact of Returning Cultivated Land to Forests in Poverty Areas around Beijing-Tianjin on Local Economy——A Case of Shunping County in Hebei Province, China

Taking Shunping County of Hebei Province as an example,according to the relevant survey data in the year 2008 after returning cultivated land and data in the year 2001 before returning cultivated land, the thesis analyzes the impact of implementation of project of returning cultivated land to forests on local land use structure, three industrial added value and famers' per capita income. The results show that returning cultivated land has played a certain positive role on the local economic development and the improvement of people's life level.However, there are also some shortcomings: although famers' income is increasing with low growth rate, a large portion of famers still have not shaken off poverty; the farmers depends on subsidies greatly and the compensation mechanism of returning cultivated land is not considered well. China should further perfect the ecological compensation plan, and build rational ecological compensation mechanism in order to make the areas of returning cultivated land have self-blood-producing function; Shunping County should make full use of the location advantage in areas around Beijing-Tianjin, develop deep processing based on fruit trees industry, strengthen farmers' skill training, and increase input in the agricultural infrastructure construction to propel the sustainable development of agriculture.

HYDROLOGIC SERIES CHARACTERISTICSANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR RIVERS AROUNDTHE TAKLIMAKAN DESERT

This paper firstly analyses the hydrologic characteristics of the major rivers around the Taklimakan Desert with the method of mathematical statistics. Secondly, structure features of annual runoff series of these rivers are discussed both in the domain and in frequency domain with the method of time series analysis. Fain the analysis, it can be learnt that the nature quantity of water in the rivers in this area is generally steady and the annual runoff series of rivers is mostly independment stationary random sequence. Therefore, this paper can Provide scientific basis for runoff variation law research and reasonal exploitation and utilization of water resource in this area.

RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS AROUND XINJIANG NUCLEAR TESTING SITE AND ESTIMATED POPULATION DOSE

Results are reported on a research for the radioactive level in the investigation region and the control region around the Xinjiang Nuclear Testing Site from 1982 to 1987. There are no significant differences on the land γ radiation level, nor in the radioactive level in the soil, food and water between the two regions. The distribution and transfer of 90Sr, 137Cs and Pu in various kinds of soil are also discussed. It is estimated that the effective dose equivalent of radiation, undergone by the residents around the Testing Site is only 2.9% of that of natural radiation taken yearly by people in normal areas.

Numerical study of the influence of Kuroshio Current on the thermocline in the sea area around Taiwan Island

Using P0M97. an oceanic model, we separately do numerical tests to simulate the 3-D struc ture of temperature in the sea area around Taiwan Island with or without effect of Kuroshio (Current). Through contrast analysis. we find that inflow of Kuroshio results in winter mean water temperature of sub-surface layer in the whole sea regions raising 5 - 6℃ more than that without effect of Kuroshio. The existence of Kuroshio does important role on oceanic thermocline of deep water area in the east of Taiwan Island, and has some effect on intensity of seasonal thermocline of Taiwan Strait and its southern shallow water area.

ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF APOPLECTIC HEMIPLEGIA TREATED BY NEEDLING AROUND THE PROJECTIVE AREA ON THE SCALP OF FOCUS LOCATED WITH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE(NMR)

Sixty-one patients of ischemic apoplectic hemiplegia were randomly divided into group ofneedling around the ipsilateral projective area on the scalp of the fOcus (group A) and group of scalpacupuncture (group B). After 30 treatments, there is a significant difference between the therapeuticeffects of two groups (P < 0. 05 ), the former is better than the latter. It suggests that the method ofneedling around the projective area on the scalp of the focus is an effective and a feasible

TRANSIENT EFFECT OF A BOGER FLUID FLOWING AROUND A CONFINED CYLINDER

This paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of the transient effect of an inertialess Boger flow past a confined circular cylinder and the comparison of predictions with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements given by Shiang et al.. Dynamic simulation based on the Oldroyd-B constitutive model was carried out using a Lagrangian-Eulerian algorithm. The evolution of velocity field was obtained for the flow at two Deborah (De) numbers, i.e. De = 1.2 and 3.0. At low De, the flow reached steady state rapidly, and showed a symmetric flow regime. However, at high De, the time required to reach steady flow behind the cylinder increased significantly, and the distribution of the velocity field appears to be asymmetric with respect to the stagnation line. Fairly good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental observations is reported. It can be concluded that both the experimental measurements and the present simulations indicate that the elasticity of the polymeric flow strongly affect the flow regime of viscoelastic flow around a confined cylinder.