What is attractive rural landscape?Differences in the social and expert assessment of the changes in the rural landscape of the Carpathian region in Poland with regard to the need of its protection

Contemporary villages of the mountain region are subject to uncontrolled structural and spatial transformations,which cause deformation of centuries-old spatial systems of high cultural and natural value.The aim of the study is to confront the opinions of the inhabitants and experts regarding the condition of the cultural landscape of the villages in south-eastern Poland.This area belongs to the Carpathian region of Central Europe.The historical and economic conditions of the studied region,related to the functioning in the post-war period,and then its breakdown and the development of the free market economy,constitute an interesting background for the proposed research.Local communities still remembering the period of difficulties related to the period of systemic transformations,are currently experiencing a relative prosperity,many difficulties related to the period of systemic transformations,are currently experiencing a relative prosperity,which is also expressed in a completely new,previously unknown way of managing the landscape.Investments implemented in villages are associated by the inhabitants with the improvement of the standards and quality of life.They assess them rather positively.An expert assessment of these landscape transformations indicates their negative dimension and the risk of losing timeless values.The discrepancy in the assessment of experts and local residents creates difficulties in the protection of the rural landscape.Therefore,high-quality visual landscape features among rural residents is necessary from the point of view of its multi-faceted and effective protection.Local initiatives and actions in the field of industry policy should play a significant role in this respect by consolidating the images of a harmonious landscape in the public awareness.

Study on Attractiveness of Rural Landscapes against the Background of New Countryside Development

Through analyzing relevant documents,connotations of rural landscape attractiveness were introduced,and existing problems of present rural landscapes elaborated.It was proposed that rural tourism of China has no effective strategic planning,distinctive characteristics of landscape products,or efficient marketing of rural landscape resources.Influencing factors of rural landscape attractiveness were summarized,and suggestions were given to improve the attractiveness by combining with actual conditions of China.Moreover,it was stressed that favorable rural landscape images should be created,and more efforts devoted in safeguarding native-soil cultural landscapes and exploring tourist market of rural landscape resources.The study was to provide useful references for the new countryside construction of China.

Study on Tourist Attractiveness of Ancient Villages and Towns Based on Cognition of Visitors

Through survey of visitors,relevant data had been acquired.By aid of factor analysis method,computation model of comprehensive tourist attractiveness of ancient villages and towns was established,which had certain theoretical and practical guidance value to rural tourism resources development and market development.

The Futility of Willy's Philosophy of Personal Attractiveness in Death of a Salesman

Arthur Miller's masterpiece Death of a Salesman is a very clear attack on the American success myth.The most dominant theme running throughout the play is Willy Loman's philosophy of personal attractiveness and its doomed futility.This philosophy not only brings failure to Willy's career but also destruction to Willy's family members.

Attractive Model and Marketing Implications of Theme Shopping Tourism Destination

This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand function.An attractive model is deduced.According to this attractive model,it is can be known that the attractive distance is related to the price difference of the theme commodities between TST destination and tourist origin place,the average expenditure of transport,the demand elasticity of price,the actual price of sightseeing spot,the critical price that a tourist will afford,the number of nights that a tourist stays on the TST destination and the price level of accommodation in the TST destination.The change mechanism of attractive distance of TST destinations is revealed in this paper,and implications on TST marketing are put forward.First,theme commodities should be luxuries.Second,lower price is the primary pulling factor of theme shopping tourism.Third,the route combining with sightseeing spots is beneficial to shopping tourism.At last,TST development is one way of rejuvenating the falling destinations.

Estimating the globally attractive set and positively invariant set of a unified chaotic system

By constructing two suitable generalized Lyapunov functions,we derived a generalized ellipsoidal estimate of the globally attractive set and positively invariant set of the unified chaotic system with the parameters α=1/29 and 1/29<α<2/29,respectively,which extends some related results of Li,et al. [Li DM,Lu JA,Wu XQ,Chen GR,Estimating the global basin of attraction and positively invariant set for the Lorenz system and a unified chaotic system,Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications,2006,323(2): 844-853]. The theoretical results obtained in this paper will find wide application in chaos control and synchronization.

Estrogens still represent an attractive therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that goes f rom mild cogni t ive impai rment in prodromal disease to severely disabling deficits in advanced stages.The risk for AD development,as well as progression and severity,clearly differ between men and women(Pike,2017).Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a significantly increased prevalence in the development of AD in women compared to men,which is usually explained by the longer lifespan of women.This increased frequency may be due to the interplay between age and sex,in which genetic factors together with hormonal and metabolic patterns play a crucial role.Moreover,cognitive impairment has been confirmed to be greater in women than in men at the same stage of AD,likely due to reduced estrogen levels in postmenopausal women(Laws et al.,2016).

Female waist-to-hip ratio,body mass index and sexual attractiveness in China

Men and women at Northwest University （n=751）, Xi＇an, China were asked to judge the attractiveness of photographs of female patients who had undergone micrograft surgery to reduce their waist-to-hip ratios （WHR）. Micrograft surgery involves harvesting adipose tissue from the waist and reshaping the buttocks to produce a low WHR and an ‘hourglass＇ female figure. This gynoid distribution of female body fat has been shown to correlate with measures of fertility and health. Significantly larger numbers of subjects, of both sexes, chose post-operative photographs, with lower WHRs, as more attractive than pre-operative photographs of the same women. Some patients had gained, and some had lost weight, post-operatively, with resultant changes in body mass index （BMI）. However, these changes in BMI were not related to judgments of attractiveness. These results show that the hourglass female figure is rated as attractive in China, and that WHR, rather than BMI, plays a crucial role in such attractiveness judgments.

A novel evolving scale-free model with tunable attractiveness

In this paper, a new evolving model with tunable attractiveness is presented. Based on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） model, we introduce the attractiveness of node which can change with node degree. Using the mean-field theory, we obtain the analytical expression of power-law degree distribution with the exponent γ∈ （3, ∞）. The new model is more homogeneous and has a lower clustering coefficient and bigger average path length than the BA model.

MEAN-FIELD LIMIT OF BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES WITH ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS IN R^2

Starting with the many-body SchrSdinger Hamiltonian in R2, we prove that the ground state energy of a two-dimensional interacting Bose gas with the pairwise attractive interaction approaches to the minimum of the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional in the mean- field regime, as the particle number N → ∞ and however the scattering length → 0. By fixing N｜k｜, this leads to the mean-field approximation of Bose-Einstein condensates with attractive interactions in R^2.

Attractive fixed-point solution study of shell model for homogeneous isotropic turbulence

The attractive fixed-point solution of a nonlinear cascade model is stud- ied for the homogeneous isotropic turbulence containing a parameter C, introduced by Desnyansky and Novikov. With a traditional constant positive external force added on the first shell equation, it can be found that the attractive fixed-point solution of the model depends on both the parameter C and the external force. Thus, an explicit force is introduced to remove the effects of the external force on the attractive fixed-point solu- tion. F^arthermore, two groups of attractive fixed-point solutions are derived theoretically and studied numerically. One of the groups has the same scaling behavior of the velocity in the whole inertial range and agrees well with those observed by Bell and Nelkin for the nonnegative parameters. The other is found to have different scaling behaviors of the velocity at the odd and even number shells for the negative parameters. This special characteristic may be used to study the anomalous scaling behavior of the turbulence.

Eigen-spectra in the Dirac-attractive radial problem plus a tensor interaction under pseudospin and spin symmetry with the SUSY approach

We approximately solve the Dirac equation for attractive radial potential including a Coulomb-like tensor interaction under pseudospin and the spin symmetry limit for any arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number, by employing the supersymmetric （SUSY） quantum mechanics and supersymmetric shape invariance technique. We obtain the energy eigenvalue equation under the pseudospin and spin conditions. Some numerical results are compared with those obtained by the Nikiforove-Uvarov （NU） method.

Stability and attractive basins of multiple equilibria in delayed two-neuron networks

Multiple stability for two-dimensional delayed recurrent neural networks with piecewise linear activation flmctions of 2r （r 〉 1） corner points is studied. Sufficient conditions are established for checking the existence of （2r ＋ 1）2 equilibria in delayed recurrent neural networks. Under these conditions, （r ＋ 1）2 equilibria are locally exponentially stable, and （2r＋ 1）2 -（r ＋ 1）2 -r2 equilibria are unstable. Attractive basins of stable equilibria are estimated, which are larger than invariant sets derived by decomposing state space. One example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Endocrine status and scent attractiveness in male dwarf hamsters Phodopus sungorus injected with thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens

We studied the influences of immune activation by thymus-dependent(sheep red blood cells,SRBC)and independent(bacterial lipopolysaccharide,LPS)antigens on odor signals and endocrine status in dwarf hamsters.Administration of SRBS to mature males resulted in a drop of sexual scent attractiveness of soiled bedding collected during 5 days after injection.This effect was accompanied with a decline of fecal testosterone.Reduction of the male scent attractiveness after SRBC treatment had maximum manifestation in males of dwarf hamsters with low humoral immune response to this challenge.Contrary to the effects of SRBC,males injected with LPS showed an increase of scent attractiveness.Differences in the time that mature females spent sniffing olfactory stimuli(LPS vs control),correlated positively with differences in concentration of testosterone in feces collected from LPS and saline treated males.We discuss the adaptive meaning of the opposite olfactory effects,which induced by activation of the nonspecific innate immunity with LPS and by activation of specific acquired immunity with SRBC.

A Model for Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interaction

Based on the numerical wave function solutions of neutral atoms with attractive interaction in a harmonic trap,we propose an exactly solvable model for macroscopic quantum tunneling of a Bose condensate with attractive interaction.We calculate the rate of macroscopic quantum tunneling from a metastable condensate state to the collapse state and analyze the stability of the attractive Bose-Einstein condensation.

Quantifying the Attractive Force Exerted on the Pinned Calcium Spiral Waves by Using the Adventive Field

The cytosolic calcium system is inhomogenous because of the discrete and random distribution of ion channels on the ER membrane.It is well known that the spiral tip can be pinned by the heterogenous area,and the field can detach the spiral from the heterogeneity.We use the adventive field to counteract the attractive force exerting on the calcium spiral wave by the heterogeneity,then the strength of the adventive field is used to quantify the attractive force indirectly.Two factors determining the attractive force are studied.It is found that:(1)the attractive force sharply increases with size of the heterogeneity for small-size heterogeneity,whereas the force increases to a saturated value for large-size heterogeneity;(2)for large-size heterogeneity,the force almost remains constant unless the level of the heterogeneity vanishes,the force decreases to zero linearly and sharply,and for small-size heterogeneity,the force decreases successively with the level of the heterogeneity.Furthermore,it is found that the forces exist only when the spiral tip is very close to the heterogenous area.Our study may shed some light on the control or suppression of the calcium spiral wave.

A METHOD FOR EVALUATING INDUSTRIAL ATTRACTIVENESS BASED ON IMPROVED HAMMING NETURAL NETWORK

External factors influenee the strategic selections, internal strength and management activities of an enterprise. This paper discusses the key factors of industrial attractiveness, puts forward a new method for evaluating industrial attractiveness by using improved Hamming neural net in order to provide scientifie support when an enterprise makes its developing strategies.

Recreational Attractiveness of Urban Parks and Implications for Their Management:A Case Study in Changchun,China

Urban parks are an important part of urban ecosystems and also provide recreational services for urban residents.However,it is still unclear how the recreational attractiveness of urban parks can be evaluated.In this study,12 typical parks in Changchun,China were selected for evaluation of their recreational attractiveness.We built a recreational attractiveness evaluation system based on the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)to produce a composite evaluation index.This method included:1)the landscape quality of the parks;2)the recreational facilities;3)the conditions of the area;and 4)the accessibility of the parks.Our results showed that Nanhu Park,Children’s Park,Shengli Park,and Jingyuetan Forest Park had high recreational attractiveness,whereas Linyuan Park had the lowest attractiveness among the 12 parks.These results agreed with the information obtained from a field survey of the actual recreational and revisit rates,which showed that the evaluation index is reliable.Correlation analysis showed that the landscape quality and recreational facilities of parks had a direct effect on their recreational attractiveness.A negative correlation was found between the accessibility of a park and its recreational attractiveness.We conclude that if the scenery and facilities are not as good as a visitor expects,then they may choose to visit a different park,even if it takes a longer time to reach.

Physiological Reasons for Attractiveness of Female Breast

In this article the possibilities of functioning of breast as an attractant to male and leading to a long lasting relation in many cases are discussed. The three mechanisms discussed are on the basis of visual stimuli, pheromone and other chemicals like sebum.

What Are the Attractiveness Factors That Influence the Choice of a Tourist Destination A Study of Brazilian Tourist Consumer

This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in his choice In this investigation, a model elaborated based on a detailed situational analysis considering different aspects related with offering and demand that compose the tourist activity dimensions, such as infra structure, tourism potential, geographical factors, climate, economy, cultural and environmental resources public policies and sustainability was adopted. The competitive environment also was analyzed, once tourists have different destinations to their disposal which is attracted for destinations that offer optimum value and the greatest number of benefits. To reach the proposed objectives, an exploratory research through in depth personal interviews with 20 individuals was carried on using snow ball technique aims to identify the possible factors of attractiveness and related degree of importance of each of these possible factors in the tourist consumer behavior. After that, a confirmatory research was conducted with 150 individuals. The sampling process was done using convenience sample and data which were collected between November and December, 2009, through direct proportionally survey divided between man and woman