An Unforgettable Trip to Austria──A brief note on CAFIU's visit to Austria

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Organic carbon content and carbon isotope variations across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Gartnerkofel-1borehole, Carnic Alps, Austria

The Gartnerkofel borehole is one of the most thoroughly studied and described Permo-Triassic sections in the world. Detailed bulk organic carbon isotope studies show a negative base shift from-24% to-28% in the Latest Permian which latter value persists into the Earliest Triassic after which it decreases slightly to-26%. Two strongly negative peaks of [-38% in the Latest Permian and a lesser peak of-31% in the Early Triassic are too negative to be due to a greater proportion of more negative organic matter and must be due to very negative methane effects. The overall change to more negative values across the Bulla/Tesero boundary fits the relative rise in sea level for this transition based on the facies changes. A positive shift in organic carbon isotope values at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to an increase in land-derived organic detritus at this level—a feature shown by allTethyan Permo-Triassic boundary sections though these other sections do not have the same values. Carbonate carbon isotope trends are similar in all sections dropping by2–3 units across the Permo-Triassic boundary. Gartnerkofel carbonate oxygen values are surprisingly, considering the ubiquitous dolomitization, compatible with values elsewhere and indicate reasonable tropical temperatures of 60 °C in the Latest Permian sabkhas to 20–40 °C in the overlying marine transition beds. Increased landderived input at the Late Permian Event Horizon may be due to offshore transport by tsunamis whose deposits have been recognized in India at this level.

Differences in Self-Assessment Regarding Eating Behaviors among Female University Students Living in Japan, Korea, and Austria

Objective: To investigate cross-cultural differences in self-assessments of eating behaviors of female university students who bear responsibility for their own eating behaviors and who will, in the future, likely determine a family’s eating style. Design: A cross-cultural comparison. Setting: Japan, South Korea, and Austria. Subjects: Female university students from Japan (n = 276), Korea (n = 103), and Austria (n = 127). The survey comprised a questionnaire containing ten sections about eating behaviors (eating habits, regular meal times, and frequency of food intake) and eating attitudes. Results: Eating behaviors and attitudes differed significantly among the three cultures. Japanese students practiced healthier eating behaviors than did Korean and Austrian students, on the basis of their variety of food intake and regular consumption of three meals, but rated themselves lower on healthy eating behaviors. Austrian students tended to have more independent attitudes toward eating and food preparation (e.g., “I want to eat only my favorite dishes”) than Japanese or Korean students. Conclusions: Effects of cultural differences in psychological processes, such as self-cognition, emotion, motivation, and values, on self-assessment of eating behaviors is suggested.

Spatially Explicit Modeling of Long-Term Drought Impacts on Crop Production in Austria

Droughts have serious and widespread impacts on crop production with substantial economic losses. The frequency and severity of drought events may increase in the future due to climate change. We have developed three meteorological drought scenarios for Austria in the period 2008-2040. The scenarios are defined based on a dry day index which is combined with bootstrapping from an observed daily weather dataset of the period 1975-2007. The severity of long-term drought scenarios is characterized by lower annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as more significant temperature increases compared to the observations. The long-term impacts of the drought scenarios on Austrian crop production have been analyzed with the biophysical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate). Our simulation outputs show that—for areas with historical mean annual precipitation sums below 850 mm— already slight increases in dryness result in significantly lower crop yields i.e. depending on the drought severity, between 0.6% and 0.9% decreases in mean annual dry matter crop yields per 1.0% decrease in mean annual precipitation sums. The EPIC results of more severe droughts show that spring and summer precipitation may become a limiting factor in crop production even in regions with historical abundant precipitation.

Is the Grass Greener on the Other Side?Work-Related Migration From Western-Hungary to Austria

After the 2004 EU accession of Hungary,the evolvement of the cross-border regions has started to emerge there as well,followed by the decrease—and in case of the Schengen Area the complete break off—of the separation role of the borders as a result of which the citizens of the member states have free movement in the greater part of the European Union.The basic goal of the EU enlargement was the establishment of the free movement of capital,goods,information,and workers.A very strong workforce migration has immediately started and is still ongoing among the EU member states,directing in first row from the less developed economies to the better developed ones.This of course is the same in case of Hungary,where the active population in a rapidly growing number makes the decision to take a job in the well-developed countries of the EU for a shorter or longer period.According to Rechnitzer,people living in the Austrian-Hungarian border region(among whom many were Hungarian citizens)were capable of novation and were active performers in general already before the transition period.The study focuses on the key motivation factors and the possible grouping of the people living in Western-Hungary having decided to work in Austria.

Organizational Culture Content of the Manufacturing Companies in Austria and the Czech Republic

The main focus of this scientific article is organizational culture that represents very complicated and complex social phenomenon. Organizational culture is understood as the set of basic assumptions, values, standards, and artifacts, shared in the company in long-term horizon. The main objective of empirical research was to map organizational culture content in manufacturing companies in the Czech Republic and Austria. The content of organizational culture in the selected level of analysis was identified by means of qualitative methods--individual interviews and focus group discussions. With respect to specified objective, research was implemented in the sample of 10 companies in the Czech Republic and Austria. Data acquired by qualitative method of focus group were processed by means of content analysis. The main result of this part of empirical research was to describe the organizational culture content in the manufacturing companies operating in Austrian and Czech environment.

The Role of Agriculture in Flood Risk Management in Austria——Conflicts and Challenges

This paper presents results of the Austrian research co-operation project“Policy Coordination in Flood Risk Management”concerning the interactions and conflicts in the area of agriculture and FRM(Flood Risk Management)and discusses options for improvement.Firstly,the evidence basis is shown to get clear about the dimensions of the areas concerned and the potential impacts of floods on the agricultural sector.This is done on detailed GIS(Geographic Information System)data analysis.It shows that~246,000 ha(=7.7%)of the Austrian agricultural area are located in the H300 flood risk zone.More important is that these areas are mostly very important for farm economics and the regional food security because of their above-average quality.In the second step the current political framework,the procedures and models for coordination,their strengths and weaknesses are investigated.The results show the weak situation for protecting agricultural areas and for avoiding conversion to other land use categories.Afterwards we list barriers of a satisfactory FRM process,concerning the loss of land,the lack of communication,non-transparent compensation arrangements,differing interests and others.Interviews and discussion with experts resulted in options for improvement as there are more attractive conditions for land owners,better balancing between upstream and downstream riparians and more effort on coordination and communication in FRM processes.

Dynamics of the Austrian Food Market: Application of Lotka-Volterra Differential Equations

The organic food market has become an important part of food industry. We analyze sales data from Austria for 2014 to 2020 of 124 products from 25 product groups in six categories, each in conventional and organic form. We fitted their market shares by means of a modified Lotka-Volterra model with constant coefficients. When only organic and conventional products were compared, a significant increase in market shares was observed for 15 of 25 organic product groups, indicating a continuing growth of the organic food market. The typical Lotka-Volterra dynamics was a predator-prey dynamics with an organic product (group) predating on conventional products that were in symbiosis.

Impressions of a Visit to Austria

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高等职业学校:奥地利职业教育与高等教育融通的“桥梁”

奥地利的高等职业学校在奥地利教育体系中扮演着重要角色,连接着职业教育和高等教育两个重要领域,形成了职业教育与高等教育纵向贯通、横向融合的融通模式。这种模式既为学生提供了从职业教育到高等教育完整的路径与通道,又为学生提供了一种促进实践技能与学术知识相结合的教育,满足了不同学生群体接受高等教育的需求。这为我国实现职普融通提供了启示,即打破职业教育“内部循环”的瓶颈、打通职业教育“升学路”、重塑技能型人才的社会认可度、探索职普“中间地带”及搭建“立交桥”。

“一带一路”背景下中奥职业教育合作的现状、困境与对策——基于SWOT-CLPV模型的分析

奥地利是欧盟的发达国家之一,也是德语区的重要成员,长期以来其职业教育体系备受推崇,但鲜少引起中国学者的广泛关注。运用SWOT-CLPV矩阵模型,从杠杆效应、抑制性、脆弱性和问题性等四个维度,全面分析“一带一路”背景下中奥职业教育合作与交流现状。研究发现,中奥双方在职业教育领域的合作机遇多于挑战。奥地利的双元制职业教育体系与中国庞大的职业教育需求和市场形成了显著的互补性,双方可以通过资源共享实现共赢。然而,制度文化差异、语言障碍以及职业教育理念的不同,可能会在一定程度上抑制合作的深化。推动中奥职业教育合作与交流的高质量发展,必须“引进来”与“走出去”相结合,扩大双边职业教育合作水平;以问题为导向,释放政策红利;以实习项目为重要抓手,促进中奥职业教育深度合作。

奥地利社会民主党(1889—1945年)的诞生背景、历史演进及其价值启示

奥地利社会民主党历史悠久、组织严密、特征鲜明,是欧洲最具代表性的社会民主党之一。自1889年成立至1945年二战结束这段时期,奥地利社会民主党经历了欧洲社会主义运动的风云变幻,其消长沉浮极具研究价值。奥地利社会民主党的诞生背景需要从历史与理论双重角度进行追溯。而该党在这段时期的发展史,则可以划分为1889—1918年、1918—1933年、1933—1945年这三个阶段。每个阶段都各有其特色,从中总结出的历史价值和现实启示值得社会主义政党参考借鉴。总的来说,在这段时期,奥地利社会民主党并不完全想要脱离马克思主义的主流和主旨,然而折中改良的倾向导致其无法摆脱失败的命运。

The Transmission of Household Objects from the National Socialist Era to the Present in Germany and Austria： A Local Conversation Within a Globalized Discourse

Increasingly, scholars of Holocaust memory stress its globalization： the ways in which the Holocaust has become a model or reference point for remembered events that belong to quite different historical and cultural contexts. The best of this literature acknowledges the ways in which the local, national, and global are in continual dialogue. This article looks at an instance in which memory remains stubbornly local and national even in contexts in which it is ostensibly internationalized. The article is concerned with history exhibitions about the Nazi era in Germany and Austria and examines one particular set of museum objects： household possessions that have been stored in homes since 1945 and that are typically presented by the museum as having ＂resurfaced＂ in the present. These objects are used to concretize abstract processes of remembering and forgetting, communication and silence, in the years from 1945 to the end of the twentieth century. As such, they form part of ongoing debates about how family memory operated during that period in Germany and Austria.

Austria—Sounds of Music Concert in Celebration of 40 Years of China-Austria Diplomatic Relations

The year marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Austria.On the evening of May 6,the CPAFFC and the Austrian Embassy jointly held a reception and a concert in the National Center for the Performing Arts in Beijing in celebration.

Professor Gerd Kaminski from Austria

Professor Gerd Kaminski,executive vice-president of the Austria-China Friendship Association(ACFA),has been called'Prof.Ka'or'Lao Ka'in China.He enjoys his Chinese nickname very much.Founded in 1971,the ACFA has a complete organizational framework,a strong capacity for action and wide social influence,all of which

从“巴德尼事件”浅析奥匈帝国的民族政策

1897年的“巴德尼事件”是奥匈帝国决定在波西米亚推行新的语言条例,规定公务员必须都会说德语和捷克语所引发的社会大规模斗殴和抗议事件。这一事件表明奥匈帝国境内确实存在着严重的民族问题。为了团结整个帝国,哈布斯堡王朝依靠法令和军队,重点是构建共同的历史记忆,其中君主成为连接他们与帝国其他地区人们的纽带,并不断强化这一做法,将其变成传统和习俗。然后,改革教育和宗教事务。帝国不断的工业化和现代化也成为了对抗民族主义的利器。但由于制定和主导政策的是些自由主义者,这些民族政策并未能阻止帝国的解体,反而起了催化的作用,加剧了帝国的崩溃。

光伏系统在奥地利铁路能源供应中的应用

铁路是交通系统的重要组成部分,其电力消耗巨大。利用光伏系统发电进行用电替代,对于满足节能需求、减少碳排放、实现铁路交通绿色低碳发展,具有重要意义。奥地利联邦铁路公司(ÖBB)一直致力于降低奥地利铁路的CO_(2)排放量,为此,其将16.7 Hz光伏系统引入铁路能源供应系统。文章将对该系统在奥地利铁路能源供应中的应用进行介绍。

新奥法隧道施工风险非线性模糊评判方法

在全面分析新奥法隧道施工风险影响因素基础上,首先确定主要影响因素,并根据其影响的模糊性与层次性特征建立新奥法隧道施工风险二级模糊综合评判模型;其次,通过深入研究各因素评价指标取值方法及隶属度函数选取原则,建立评价指标隶属度确定方法,并采用三角模糊数互补判断矩阵排序方法确定权向量,以体现评价指标重要程度取值的不确定性和专家判断的模糊性;然后,引进非线性模糊矩阵合成运算方法,反映评价指标极差值对评判结果的突出影响,进而建立新奥法隧道施工风险的非线性模糊评判方法,使新奥法隧道施工风险评价更具合理性与可操作性;最后,通过工程实例分析与计算,并与传统方法进行比较,表明了本文方法的可行性与合理性。

奥地利黑麦染色体核型和C-分带带型

以奥地利黑麦(S eca le cerea le L.)为试验材料,通过G iem sa C-分带对其进行了细胞学鉴定、染色体核型与C-带分析。结果表明,奥地利黑麦体细胞染色体为14条,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体形成7个二价体,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+2sm+2m(SAT)。通过C-分带将奥地利黑麦1R^7R的7条染色体区分开来,其C-带带型公式为2n=14=2C+I+T+2C+T+4I+T+2C+I+T++2T+2ST。奥地利黑麦除2R和4R长臂近端部约1/4处有带且7R无中间带外,其余带型与黑麦标准C-分带带型基本一致。