In the Atmosphere and Oceanic Fluids:Scaling Transformations,Bilinear Forms,Bäcklund Transformations and Solitons for A Generalized Variable-Coefficient Korteweg-de Vries-Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation

The atmosphere is an evolutionary agent essential to the shaping of a planet,while in oceanic science and daily life,liquids are commonly seen.In this paper,we investigate a generalized variable-coefficient Korteweg-de Vriesmodified Korteweg-de Vries equation for the atmosphere,oceanic fluids and plasmas.With symbolic computation,beginning with a presumption,we work out certain scaling transformations,bilinear forms through the binary Bell polynomials and our scaling transformations,N solitons(with N being a positive integer)via the aforementioned bilinear forms and bilinear auto-Bäcklund transformations through the Hirota method with some solitons.In addition,Painlevé-type auto-Bäcklund transformations with some solitons are symbolically computed out.Respective dependences and constraints on the variable/constant coefficients are discussed,while those coefficients correspond to the quadratic-nonlinear,cubic-nonlinear,dispersive,dissipative and line-damping effects in the atmosphere,oceanic fluids and plasmas.

Painlevéintegrability,auto-Bäcklund transformations,new abundant analytic solutions including multi-soliton solutions for time-dependent extended KdV8 equation in nonlinear physics

In this paper,a new eighth-order(1+1)-dimensional time-dependent extended KdV equation has been developed.This considered equation is being found completely integrable by using the Painlevéanalysis method.Moreover,three auto-Bäcklund transformations have been generated by truncating the Painlevéseries at a constant level.These auto-Bäcklund transformations have been used to derive various analytic solution families for the newly developed equation.These solutions include the kink-antikink soliton,kink-soliton,antikink-soliton,periodic-soliton,complex kink-soliton and complex periodic-soliton solutions.Multi-soliton solutions including N-soliton solution,have been obtained by using the simplified Hirota’s method for the considered equation.All the results are being expressed graphically to signify the physical importance of the considered equation.

The residual symmetry,Bäcklund transformations,CRE integrability and interaction solutions:(2+1)-dimensional Chaffee–Infante equation

In this paper,we consider the(2+1)-dimensional Chaffee-Infante equation,which occurs in the fields of fluid dynamics,high-energy physics,electronic science etc.We build Bäcklund transformations and residual symmetries in nonlocal structure using the Painlevétruncated expansion approach.We use a prolonged system to localize these symmetries and establish the associated one-parameter Lie transformation group.In this transformation group,we deliver new exact solution profiles via the combination of various simple(seed and tangent hyperbolic form)exact solution structures.In this manner,we acquire an infinite amount of exact solution forms methodically.Furthermore,we demonstrate that the model may be integrated in terms of consistent Riccati expansion.Using the Maple symbolic program,we derive the exact solution forms of solitary-wave and soliton-cnoidal interaction.Through 3D and 2D illustrations,we observe the dynamic analysis of the acquired solution forms.

Painlevé analysis, auto-Bäcklund transformations, bilinear forms and soliton solutions for a(2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient modified dispersive water-wave system in fluid mechanics

In this paper,we investigate a(2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient modified dispersive waterwave system in fluid mechanics.We prove the Painlevéintegrability for that system via the Painlevéanalysis.We find some auto-B?cklund transformations for that system via the truncated Painlevéexpansions.Bilinear forms and N-soliton solutions are constructed,where N is a positive integer.We discuss the inelastic interactions,elastic interactions and soliton resonances for the two solitons.We also graphically demonstrate that the velocities of the solitons are affected by the variable coefficient of that system.

Painlevé analysis,auto-Bäcklund transformation and new exact solutions of(2+1)and(3+1)-dimensional extended Sakovich equation with time dependent variable coefficients in ocean physics

This article considers time-dependent variable coefficients(2+1)and(3+1)-dimensional extended Sakovich equation.Painlevéanalysis and auto-Bäcklund transformation methods are used to examine both the considered equations.Painlevéanalysis is appeared to test the integrability while an auto-Bäcklund transformation method is being presented to derive new analytic soliton solution families for both the considered equations.Two new family of exact analytical solutions are being obtained success-fully for each of the considered equations.The soliton solutions in the form of rational and exponential functions are being depicted.The results are also expressed graphically to illustrate the potential and physical behaviour of both equations.Both the considered equations have applications in ocean wave theory as they depict new solitary wave soliton solutions by 3D and 2D graphs.

Bcklund Transformation and Localized Coherent Structure for the (2+1)-Dimensional Asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equation

This article is concerned with the extended homogeneous balance method for studying the abundant localized solution structure of the (2+1) dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik Novikov Veselov equation. A B a¨ cklund transformation was first obtained, and then the richness of the localized coherent structures was found, which was caused by the entrance of two variable separated arbitrary functions, in the model. For some special choices of the arbitrary functions, it is shown that the localized structures of the model may be dromions, lumps, and ring solitons.

Bcklund Transformation and Multisoliton Solutions in Terms of Wronskian Determinant for (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equations with Symbolic Computation

In this paper, two types of the （2＋1）-dimensional breaking soliton equations axe investigated, which describe the interactions of the Riemann waves with the long waves. With symbolic computation, the Hirota bilineax forms and Bgcklund transformations are derived for those two systems. Furthermore, multisoliton solutions in terms of the Wronskian determinant are constructed, which are verified through the direct substitution of the solutions into the bilineax equations. Via the Wronskian technique, it is proved that the Bgcklund transformations obtained are the ones between the （ N - 1）- and N-soliton solutions. Propagations and interactions of the kink-/bell-shaped solitons are presented. It is shown that the Riemann waves possess the solitonie properties, and maintain the amplitudes and velocities in the collisions only with some phase shifts.

Generating Solutions to Discrete sine-Gordon Equation from Modified B(a|¨)cklund Transformation

We modify the bilinear Biicklund transformation for the discrete sine-Gordon equation and derive variety of solutions by freely choosing parameters from the modified B^cklund transformation. Dynamics of solutions and continuum limits are also discussed.

Bcklund transformations for the Burgers equation via localization of residual symmetries

We obtain the non-local residual symmetry related to truncated Painlev~ expansion of Burgers equation. In order to localize the residual symmetry, we introduce new variables to prolong the original Burgers equation into a new system. By using Lie＇s first theorem, we obtain the finite transformation for the localized residual symmetry. More importantly, we also Iocalize the linear superposition of multiple residual symmetries to find the corresponding finite transformations. It is interesting to find that the n-th B^icklund transformation for Burgers equation can be expressed by determinants in a compact way.

分数阶Riccati方程的Bäcklund变换及其应用

基于整数阶辅助方程法的相关结论,给出了分数阶Riccati方程的包含广义双曲函数解和广义三角函数解的Mittag-Leffler函数新解、Bäcklund变换和解的非线性叠加公式.在此基础上,借助符号计算系统Mathematica,构造了分数阶KdV-mKdV方程、分数阶(3+1)维Zakharov-Kuznetsov方程和分数阶Boussinesq方程的无穷序列新解.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the phytopathogenic fungus Penicillium digitatum

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system was assessed for conducting insertional mutagenesis in Penicillium digitatum, a major fungal pathogen infecting post-harvest citrus fruits. A transformation efficiency of up to 60 transformants per 106 conidia was achieved by this system. The integration of the hph gene into the fungal genome was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing. These transformants tested were also shown to be mitotically stable. Southern blot analysis of 14 randomly selected transformants showed that the hph gene was randomly integrated as single copy into the fungal genome of P. digitatum. Thus, we conclude that ATMT of P. digitatum could be used as an alter-natively practical genetic tool for conducting insertional mutagenesis in P. digitatum to study functional genomics.

Kinetic analysis of austenite transformation for B1500HS high-strength steel during continuous heating

The dilatometric curves of B1500HS high-strength steel at different heating rates were measured by a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator and analyzed to investigate the effect of heating rate on austenitization.Results show that the value of starting temperature and ending temperature of austenite transformation increase with the rise of heating rates,whereas the temperature interval of austenite formation decreases.The kinetic equation of austenite transformation was solved using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model,and the related parameters of the equation were analyzed by the Kissinger method.For those calculations,the activation energy of austenite transformation is 1.01×10^6 J/mol,and the values of kinetic parameters n and ln k0 are 0.63 and 103.03,respectively.The relationship between the volume fraction of austenite and the heating time at different heating rates could be predicted using the kinetic equation.The predicted and experimental results were compared to verify the accuracy of the kinetic equation.The microstructure etched by different corrosive solutions was analyzed,and the reliability of kinetic equation was further verified from the microscopic perspective.

Genetic transformation of Pinus taeda by particle bombardment

A protocol is presented for genetically engineering loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using particle bombardment. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of loblolly pine plants that were previously difficult to transform. Mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. Plasmid pB48.215 DNA contained a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) cryIAc coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (Nos) terminator sequences, and the selectable marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene was introduced into loblolly pine tissues by particle bombardment. The transformed tissues were proliferated and selected by kanamycin resistance conferred by the introduced NPTII gene. Shoot regeneration was induced from the kanamycin-resistant callus, and transgenic plantlets were then produced. The presence of the introduced genes in the transgenic loblolly pine plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analysis, by Southern blot analysis, and insect feeding assays. The recovered transgenic plants were acclimatized and then established in soil.

Genetic Transformation of Brassica campestris L.ssp.pekinensis via Agrobacterium-with Bt Gene

By means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, 43 kanamycin-resistant buds of Chinese cabbage were got. PCR, PCR-Southern blot and dot blot analysis were used to identify and characterize the putative transgenic plants. 26 plants had the predicted bands of the fragment of npt Ⅱ gene. Insect bioassays of 4 transformants showed that toxic protein had been translated and the translation levels were different among these transformants.

Genetic transformation of cry1A(b) gene into teak

Teak (Tectona grandis) provides one of the most highly sought after timber in the world and is a widely recommended species for reforestation. As such teak is widely planted in Malaysia. Though no serious outbreaks have been recorded for teak in Malaysia, but insect attack remains the most important threat to the timber industry. Thus, in efforts to overcome the problem, an integrated pest management system needs to be developed. Spraying of commercial Bt has been a common practice in addressing minor outbreaks. However, one of the main limitations of the spraying technique is poor coverage, especially on plant surfaces. Poor coverage, however, could be overcome by planting insect resistant trees. In addition, the approach of using genetic engineering in addressing the above problem proves to be possible with the advancement made in genetic transformation of trees especially in the last decade. This, together with improved knowledge on gene function following improved DNA recombinant techniques promises the major advancement in pest management of forest species. This report demonstrates the possibility of transferring foreign gene into teak cells. In this study, nodal segments of teak were subjected to particle bombardment. Nodal segments bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), β glucuronidase (gus) and cry1A(b) genes were then transferred onto medium for shoot development. The shoots were than transferred onto the same medium supplemented with 10mg/L hygromycin for selection. Selection was repeated several times with six week subculture intervals on the same Hm containing media. The presence of the transgenes in the Hmr plants was confirmed using PCR.

Sine Transformation and the Reparametrization of Bézier Curves

A solution to the reparametrization of Bézier curves by sine transformation of Bemstein basis is presented. The new effective reparametrization method is given through the following procedures： educing Sine Bemstein-Bézier Class-SBBC function, defining SBBC curve and discussing the relation between SBBC and Bézier curve.

Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Genetic Transformation System for Aspergillus awamori

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation system for Aspergillus awamori and investigate the feasibility of expressing heterologous proteins in A. awamori. [ Method] Appropriate A. awamori host strains were determined according to the secretory protein profile. Selectable marker was selected for genetic transformation by drug sensitivity analysis. The established A. awamori genetic transformation system was used for transformation and expression analysis of Rhizomucor miehei lipase （RML）. The feasibility of using A. awamori to express heterologous proteins was investigated by identification of transformants and property analysis. [ Result~ Based on the analysis of secretory protein profile, A. awamori strains CBS115.52 and CICC2257 were determined as the host strains for heterologous protein expression ; drug sensitivity analysis shows that hygromycin B resistance gene （ HygBr ） is an effective ge- netic seleetable marker; by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediatcd transformation （ATMT） method, the plasmid pHGW-amdS containing HygBr was successfully transformed into A. awamori strain CBS115.52 to establish the genetic transformation system ofA. awamorl with HygBr as selectable marker. RML was transformed into A. awamori and its expression was validated by substrate hydrolysis test, SDS-PAGE and Western blot. [ Conclusion] This study demonstrates that the genetic transformation system of A. awamori mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has potential feasibility for expression of heterologous proteins.

Microstructure and Stability of Fe_(73.5) Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 Alloy at Different Stages of Phase Transformation

The microstructure and the stability of Fe_73.5Cu_1Nb_3Si_13.5B_9 alloy at different stages of phase transformation were investigated through the observation of X-ray difraction and transmission electron microscopy and the measurement of magnetic aftereffect (MAE). It was found that the dependence of the volume fraction of amorphous phase and the MAE in the samples annealed from 450 to 700℃ on the annealing temperature is similar.

Luteolin affects the EMT transformation and cell biological behavior of osteosarcoma U2OS cells via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effect of luteolin on the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and its molecular mechanism by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-kappa B(PI3K/AKT/NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods:U2OS cells were treated in different concentrations(10,20 and 40μmol/L)of luteolin.MTT was used to detect the effect of luteolin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the influence of luteolin on migration of U2OS cells.qPCR was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-2 in U2OS cells.Western blot was used to observe the change of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK and NF-κB proteins.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the protein expression of E-cadherin and vimentim.Results:Luteolin inhibited significantly the proliferation of U2OS cells(P<0.05)in a time-concentration-dependent manner.Luteolin inhibited significantly the migration of U2OS cells(P<0.05).After treatment with luteolin,the mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-2 was increased significantly(P<0.05),but Bcl-2 was reduced significantly(P<0.05)in U2OS cells.The protein expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK,NF-κB,E-cadherin and vimentin was decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:Luteolin inhibits the proliferation,migration and EMT transformation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells,which may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

非线性弦振动方程的Painlevé性质、Bcklund变换和孤子解的聚变(英文)

借助于计算机符号计算系统Maple,用Weiss,Tabor和Carnevale等人提出的WTC方法首次验证非线性弦振动方程具有Painlevé性质,并得到非线性弦振动方程的Bcklund变换,用Hirota直接方法分析非线性弦振动方程孤子解的聚变现象.