Spirulina and Bilberry are underexplored and underutilized in the food industry. Therefore, this research focuses on determining the antioxidative properties of Spirulina and Bilberry for future use in functional food...Spirulina and Bilberry are underexplored and underutilized in the food industry. Therefore, this research focuses on determining the antioxidative properties of Spirulina and Bilberry for future use in functional food product development. The objective was to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in Spirulina and Bilberry extracts (Aqueous and Ethanol extracts) and their antioxidative potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Ability (NORS)). Spirulina and Bilberry pure and combination samples [100% Spirulina (100S), 100% Bilberry (100B), 50% Spirulina + 50% Bilberry (50S + 50B), 75% Spirulina + 25% Bilberry (75S + 25B), & 25% Spirulina + 75% Bilberry (25S + 75B)], were extracted with aqueous (deionized water) and 80% ethanol solutions. Colorimetric antioxidant assays were used to determine total phenolics, total flavonoids, and their antioxidant potential. 80% ethanol Spirulina and Bilberry (pure and combination) extracts resulted in higher TFC, FRAP, and DPPH, whereas aqueous extracts had higher TPC, NORS, and TEAC, suggesting both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in Spirulina and Bilberry. Spirulina and Bilberry are two potential functional food ingredients for the food industry due to their antioxidative properties.展开更多
Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used ...Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used to develop an adolescent-friendly functional snack food product in the light of food industry trends. Stages of product development, shelf life/physiochemical analysis (texture, pH, color, and water activity) and sensory evaluation were utilized in developing a functional snack mini muffin containing Spirulina and Bilberry. Aqueous (AQ) and 80% ethanol (ET) extracts of mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% Spirulina (S) + 4% Bilberry (B), 2% Spirulina (S) + 8% Bilberry (B)) were prepared using a standard protocol. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assays. Utilizing a 5-point hedonic scale (1—Dislike very much, 2—Dislike a little, 3—Neither like nor dislike, 4—Like a little, 5—Like very much), 3 mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% S + 4% B, 2% S +8% B), were tested among consumer panelists, with 1% S + 4% B being the most acceptable based on taste, texture, color, aroma, appearance, etc. Texture (post-peak (N) of the mini muffin did not vary between chocolate and 1 S% + 4% B formulations;however, 2% S + 8% B was 1.09 times higher compared to its counterparts. pH, color, and water activity remained constant over the 9-day shelf-life period. The Spirulina and Bilberry muffins developed exhibited antioxidant activities (highest in 2% S + 8% B), and were accepted by the sensory panelists for color, taste, mouthfeel, and aroma (panelists preferred 1% S + 4% B).展开更多
The solid waste generated in industrial berry juice production was considered as a low cost raw material for the extraction of natural antioxidants. Berries contain phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential, ...The solid waste generated in industrial berry juice production was considered as a low cost raw material for the extraction of natural antioxidants. Berries contain phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential, including anthocianin. Quantitative determination method for monomeric anthocianins in bilberry juice and marc was validated. An official method from Association of Analytical Communities was used to determine anthocianins in juice and marc extracts by measuring light absorption for solutions with pH values 1.0 and 4.5 at 520 nm and 700 rim. Results were expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, as it is the most common anthocianin pigment. Calibration curve was obtained, linearity was checked, working interval and accuracy was determined and samples were tested. Mentioned method was evaluated as appropriate for quantitative anthocianin analysis in bilberry juice and marc. Necessity of calibration curve was approved using extinction coefficient of cyanidin-3-glucoside instead. Method assures adequate precision and accuracy as well.展开更多
The retina may suffer neurodegenerative damages,as other tissues of the central nervous system do,and serious eye diseases may develop.One of them is age-related macular degeneration,which causes progressive loss of v...The retina may suffer neurodegenerative damages,as other tissues of the central nervous system do,and serious eye diseases may develop.One of them is age-related macular degeneration,which causes progressive loss of vision due to retina degeneration.Treatment of age-related macular degeneration focuses on antioxidant agents and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds,among others,that prevent/diminish oxidative stress and reduce neovascularisation respectively.The phytochemicals,medicinal plants and/or plant-diet supplements might be a useful adjunct in prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration owing to their antioxidant and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor properties.This review article presents the most investigated plants and natural products in relation to age-related macular degeneration,such as saffron,ginkgo,bilberry and blueberry,curcuma or turmeric,carotenoids,polyphenols,and vitamins C and E.This study provides up-to-date information on the effects,treatments,safety and efficiency of these phytotherapy products.展开更多
Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. ...Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. The objective of the present paper is to produce healthful and disease preventive beverages based on ＂Saperavi＂ red wine and bilberries, using grape juice concentrate and stevioside, a natural sweetener, instead of saccharose. The technology is based on the removal of alcohol at a low temperature and low pressure. In these conditions about 50% of moisture is evaporated. The extract is then diluted with 0.25% of stevioside liquid and the ratio is 1：1. The working name is ＂Saperavi-S＂. Bilberry juice is added to this beverage at the ratio of 1： l in order to enrich it with biologically active substances. The working name of this beverage is ＂Marnidan＂. The products have high contents of phenolic compounds, mainly-anthocyanins. The main idea of technology uses bilberry juice with grape juice concentrate. Bilberries have quite high antioxidant activity, amounting to 55% against l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. It is the first time we have produced a beverage based on dealcoholized red wine, stevioside and bilberry juice. This beverage is of special importance in terms of its disease-preventive qualities, including prevention of diabetes, one of the most widespread chronic diseases.展开更多
By compounding the cranberry extract,lavender flower extract,Kakadu plum extract,edelweiss flower/leaf extract and aloe vera extract into a composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100),the whitening effects of this ...By compounding the cranberry extract,lavender flower extract,Kakadu plum extract,edelweiss flower/leaf extract and aloe vera extract into a composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100),the whitening effects of this composite plant extract in antioxidation,anti-inflammation,skin barrier maintenance,and inhibition of melanin production and transport were evaluated.By comparing the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity between the composite plant extract andα-arbutin,and then analyzing the decline of apparent chromaticity,apparent brightness and melanin content through 3D melanin skin model platform,the comprehensive whitening effect was evaluated and compared with that of kojic acid.The results showed that,the composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100)had a tyrosinase inhibition rate of 98.99%at the original concentration,which was much higher than that ofα-arbutin.In 3D melanin skin model,the apparent chromaticity and brightness could be effectively improved,and moreover,the total amount of melanin in the skin could be reduced,showing remarkable whitening effect.展开更多
It is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics,and thereby the entire mammalian community in Fennoscandian boreal forests.The nature of these impacts on the different spe...It is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics,and thereby the entire mammalian community in Fennoscandian boreal forests.The nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to debate.We live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern Norway.We investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types(e.g.mature forest and clear-cut)and the hypothesis that graminivorous species such as field voles(Microtus agrestis L.)benefit from clear-cuts at the expense of forest dwellers(i.e.the bank vole,Myodes glareolus Schreb.),using fine-scale descriptors of the ground vegetation.We could not find support for the hypothesis that field voles show a preference for clear-cuts,and their overall abundance was low,while bank voles were the dominant species in all habitat types,including clear-cuts in the peak and pre-peak years.We found a positive association between bank vole abundance and bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)availability rather than a specific habitat type.Low field vole density in clear-cuts might be due to variation in local productivity and ground vegetation as well as to large variation in the species temporal dynamics.The latter is particularly associated with the widespread decline of field voles in Scandinavia.Logging has the potential to negatively affect bank vole population dynamics because of the negative effect on bilberry development.展开更多
文摘Spirulina and Bilberry are underexplored and underutilized in the food industry. Therefore, this research focuses on determining the antioxidative properties of Spirulina and Bilberry for future use in functional food product development. The objective was to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in Spirulina and Bilberry extracts (Aqueous and Ethanol extracts) and their antioxidative potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Ability (NORS)). Spirulina and Bilberry pure and combination samples [100% Spirulina (100S), 100% Bilberry (100B), 50% Spirulina + 50% Bilberry (50S + 50B), 75% Spirulina + 25% Bilberry (75S + 25B), & 25% Spirulina + 75% Bilberry (25S + 75B)], were extracted with aqueous (deionized water) and 80% ethanol solutions. Colorimetric antioxidant assays were used to determine total phenolics, total flavonoids, and their antioxidant potential. 80% ethanol Spirulina and Bilberry (pure and combination) extracts resulted in higher TFC, FRAP, and DPPH, whereas aqueous extracts had higher TPC, NORS, and TEAC, suggesting both hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in Spirulina and Bilberry. Spirulina and Bilberry are two potential functional food ingredients for the food industry due to their antioxidative properties.
文摘Spirulina, a protein-rich cyanobacterium, and Bilberry, a dark berry, have the potential to be used as functional food ingredients in the food industry. These two underexplored and underutilized ingredients were used to develop an adolescent-friendly functional snack food product in the light of food industry trends. Stages of product development, shelf life/physiochemical analysis (texture, pH, color, and water activity) and sensory evaluation were utilized in developing a functional snack mini muffin containing Spirulina and Bilberry. Aqueous (AQ) and 80% ethanol (ET) extracts of mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% Spirulina (S) + 4% Bilberry (B), 2% Spirulina (S) + 8% Bilberry (B)) were prepared using a standard protocol. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) assays. Utilizing a 5-point hedonic scale (1—Dislike very much, 2—Dislike a little, 3—Neither like nor dislike, 4—Like a little, 5—Like very much), 3 mini muffin formulations (chocolate, 1% S + 4% B, 2% S +8% B), were tested among consumer panelists, with 1% S + 4% B being the most acceptable based on taste, texture, color, aroma, appearance, etc. Texture (post-peak (N) of the mini muffin did not vary between chocolate and 1 S% + 4% B formulations;however, 2% S + 8% B was 1.09 times higher compared to its counterparts. pH, color, and water activity remained constant over the 9-day shelf-life period. The Spirulina and Bilberry muffins developed exhibited antioxidant activities (highest in 2% S + 8% B), and were accepted by the sensory panelists for color, taste, mouthfeel, and aroma (panelists preferred 1% S + 4% B).
文摘The solid waste generated in industrial berry juice production was considered as a low cost raw material for the extraction of natural antioxidants. Berries contain phenolic compounds with high antioxidant potential, including anthocianin. Quantitative determination method for monomeric anthocianins in bilberry juice and marc was validated. An official method from Association of Analytical Communities was used to determine anthocianins in juice and marc extracts by measuring light absorption for solutions with pH values 1.0 and 4.5 at 520 nm and 700 rim. Results were expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, as it is the most common anthocianin pigment. Calibration curve was obtained, linearity was checked, working interval and accuracy was determined and samples were tested. Mentioned method was evaluated as appropriate for quantitative anthocianin analysis in bilberry juice and marc. Necessity of calibration curve was approved using extinction coefficient of cyanidin-3-glucoside instead. Method assures adequate precision and accuracy as well.
文摘The retina may suffer neurodegenerative damages,as other tissues of the central nervous system do,and serious eye diseases may develop.One of them is age-related macular degeneration,which causes progressive loss of vision due to retina degeneration.Treatment of age-related macular degeneration focuses on antioxidant agents and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compounds,among others,that prevent/diminish oxidative stress and reduce neovascularisation respectively.The phytochemicals,medicinal plants and/or plant-diet supplements might be a useful adjunct in prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration owing to their antioxidant and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor properties.This review article presents the most investigated plants and natural products in relation to age-related macular degeneration,such as saffron,ginkgo,bilberry and blueberry,curcuma or turmeric,carotenoids,polyphenols,and vitamins C and E.This study provides up-to-date information on the effects,treatments,safety and efficiency of these phytotherapy products.
文摘Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. The objective of the present paper is to produce healthful and disease preventive beverages based on ＂Saperavi＂ red wine and bilberries, using grape juice concentrate and stevioside, a natural sweetener, instead of saccharose. The technology is based on the removal of alcohol at a low temperature and low pressure. In these conditions about 50% of moisture is evaporated. The extract is then diluted with 0.25% of stevioside liquid and the ratio is 1：1. The working name is ＂Saperavi-S＂. Bilberry juice is added to this beverage at the ratio of 1： l in order to enrich it with biologically active substances. The working name of this beverage is ＂Marnidan＂. The products have high contents of phenolic compounds, mainly-anthocyanins. The main idea of technology uses bilberry juice with grape juice concentrate. Bilberries have quite high antioxidant activity, amounting to 55% against l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. It is the first time we have produced a beverage based on dealcoholized red wine, stevioside and bilberry juice. This beverage is of special importance in terms of its disease-preventive qualities, including prevention of diabetes, one of the most widespread chronic diseases.
文摘By compounding the cranberry extract,lavender flower extract,Kakadu plum extract,edelweiss flower/leaf extract and aloe vera extract into a composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100),the whitening effects of this composite plant extract in antioxidation,anti-inflammation,skin barrier maintenance,and inhibition of melanin production and transport were evaluated.By comparing the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity between the composite plant extract andα-arbutin,and then analyzing the decline of apparent chromaticity,apparent brightness and melanin content through 3D melanin skin model platform,the comprehensive whitening effect was evaluated and compared with that of kojic acid.The results showed that,the composite plant extract(BIRC-Rosée WT100)had a tyrosinase inhibition rate of 98.99%at the original concentration,which was much higher than that ofα-arbutin.In 3D melanin skin model,the apparent chromaticity and brightness could be effectively improved,and moreover,the total amount of melanin in the skin could be reduced,showing remarkable whitening effect.
文摘It is widely believed that intensive forestry has influenced small mammal population dynamics,and thereby the entire mammalian community in Fennoscandian boreal forests.The nature of these impacts on the different species is subject to debate.We live-trapped voles between 2006 and 2009 in 2 commercially harvested forests in south-eastern Norway.We investigated the variation in vole abundance among habitat types(e.g.mature forest and clear-cut)and the hypothesis that graminivorous species such as field voles(Microtus agrestis L.)benefit from clear-cuts at the expense of forest dwellers(i.e.the bank vole,Myodes glareolus Schreb.),using fine-scale descriptors of the ground vegetation.We could not find support for the hypothesis that field voles show a preference for clear-cuts,and their overall abundance was low,while bank voles were the dominant species in all habitat types,including clear-cuts in the peak and pre-peak years.We found a positive association between bank vole abundance and bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus L.)availability rather than a specific habitat type.Low field vole density in clear-cuts might be due to variation in local productivity and ground vegetation as well as to large variation in the species temporal dynamics.The latter is particularly associated with the widespread decline of field voles in Scandinavia.Logging has the potential to negatively affect bank vole population dynamics because of the negative effect on bilberry development.
