基于偏振自稳定双环的受激Brillouin散射光电振荡器

基于偏振自稳定双环结构提出一种受激Brillouin散射(SBS)光电振荡器(OEO),利用SBS的窄带宽增益谱实现相位调制到强度调制的转换(PM-IM),并选择OEO的振荡模式,构造偏振自稳定双环结构,在每个回路中的输入光被45°Faraday旋转镜反射后,将通过45°Faraday旋转器和不同长度单模光纤返回其路径,保证输出信号和输入信号的偏振态始终相差180°,从而消除外界机械振动和温度干扰.由于环路结构为反射式往返传输,因此所需光纤长度缩短1/2.实验结果表明,该OEO通过改变泵浦光波长实现频率调谐,可产生1~16 GHz的微波信号,10 GHz处边模抑制比(SMSR)达67.14 dB,相位噪声为-116.3 dBc/Hz@10 kHz.

Wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser through Brillouin pump manipulation

A wavelength-interval switchable Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser(BRRFL) based on Brillouin pump(BP) manipulation is proposed in this paper. The proposed wavelength-interval switchable BRRFL has a full-open cavity configuration, featuring multiwavelength output with wavelength interval of double Brillouin frequency shifts. Through simultaneously injecting the BP light and its first-order stimulated Brillouin-scattered light into the cavity, the laser output exhibits a wavelength interval of single Brillouin frequency shift. The wavelength-interval switching effect can be manipulated by controlling the power of the first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering light. The experimental results show the multiwavelength output can be switched between double Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission with a broad bandwidth of approximately 60 nm and single Brillouin frequency shift multiwavelength emission of 44 nm. The flexible optically controlled random fiber laser with switchable wavelength interval makes it useful for a wide range of applications and holds significant potential in the field of wavelength-division multiplexing optical communication.

Widely-wavelength-tunable brillouin fiber laser with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio based on parity-time symmetric and saturable absorption effect

A widely-wavelength-tunable Brillouin fiber laser(BFL)with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR)based on parity-time(PT)symmetric and saturable absorption(SA)effect is present.This novel BFL realizes PT symmetry and SA effect through polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber(PM-EDF)Sagnac loop,which is composed of a PM-EDF,a coupler and two polarization controllers(PCs).By using the inherent birefringence characteristic of PM-EDF,two feedback loops in orthogonal polarization state are formed when the Strokes signal in injected.One of these loops provides gain in the clockwise direction with in the Sagnac loop,while the other loop generates loss in the counterclockwise direction.By adjusting the PCs to control the polarization state of the PM-EDF,a single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)BFL can be achieved,as the PT symmetry is broken when the SA participating stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)gain and loss are well-matched and the gain surpasses the coupling coefficient.Compared to previous BFLs,the proposed BFL has a more streamlined structure and a wider wavelength tunable range,at the same time,it is not being limited by the bandwidth of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier while still maintaining narrow linewidth SLM output.Additionally,thanks to SA effect of the PM-EDF,the PT symmetric SBS gain contract is enhanced,resulting in a higher optical signal-to-noise(OSNR).The experimental results show that the laser has a wide tunable range of 1526.088 nm to 1565.498 nm,an improved OSNR of 77 dB,and a fine linewidth as small as 140.5 Hz.

Study of the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a gas-filled hohlraum via detecting the driven ion acoustic wave

In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatialgrowth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a gas-filled hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality timeresolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based on theray-tracing model. The analysis indicates that ion–ion collisions may play an important role in suppressing SBS growth in the Au plasma;as aresult, the SBS excited in the filled gas region is dominant. In the early phase of the laser pulse, SBS originates primarily from the high-densityplasma at the edges of the interaction beam channel, which is piled up by the heating of the interaction beam. Throughout the duration of thelaser pulse, the presence of the TS probe beam might mitigate SBS by perturbing the density distribution around the region overlapping withthe interaction beam.

Suppression of stimulated Brillouin and Raman scatterings using an alternating frequency laser and transverse magnetic fields

A novel scheme to suppress both stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) by combining an alternating frequency(AF) laser and a transverse magnetic field is proposed. The AF laser allows the laser frequency to change discretely and alternately over time. The suppression of SBS is significant as long as the AF difference is greater than the linear growth rate of SBS or the alternating time of the laser frequency is shorter than the linear growth time of SBS. However, the AF laser proves ineffective in suppressing SRS, which usually has a much higher linear growth rate than SBS. To remedy that, a transverse magnetic field is included to suppress the SRS instability. The electrons trapped in the electron plasma waves(EPWs) of SRS can be accelerated by the surfatron mechanism in a transverse magnetic field and eventually detrapped. While continuously extracting energy from EPWs, the EPWs are dissipated and the kinetic inflation of SRS is suppressed. The one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation results show that both SBS and SRS can be effectively suppressed by combining the AF laser with a transverse magnetic field with tens of Tesla. The total reflectivity can be dramatically reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results provide a potential reference for controlling SBS and SRS under the related parameters of inertial confinement fusion.

Broadband bidirectional Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser with ultra-narrow linewidth

We present a Brillouin–Raman random fiber laser(BRRFL)with full-open linear cavity structure to generate broadband Brillouin frequency comb(BFC)with double Brillouin-frequency-shift spacing.The incorporation of a regeneration portion consisting of an erbium-doped fiber and a single-mode fiber enables the generation of broadband BFC.The dynamics of broadband BFC generation changing with the pump power(EDF and Raman)and Brillouin pump(BP)wavelength are investigated in detail,respectively.Under suitable conditions,the bidirectional BRRFL proposed can produce a flatamplitude BFC with 40.7-nm bandwidth ranging from 1531 nm to 1571.7 nm,and built-in 242-order Brillouin Stokes lines(BSLs)with double Brillouin-frequency-shift spacing.Moreover,the linewidth of single BSL is experimentally measured to be about 2.5 kHz.The broadband bidirectional narrow-linewidth BRRFL has great potential applications in optical communication,optical sensing,spectral measurement,and so on.

Temperature and Salinity Dual-parameter Sensing Based on Forward Brillouin Scattering in 1060-XP SMF

A novel temperature and salinity discriminative sensing method based on forward Brillouin scattering(FBS)in 1060-XP single-mode fiber(SMF)is proposed.The measured frequency shifts corresponding to different radial acoustic modes in 1060-XP SMF show different sensitivities to temperature and salinity.Based on the new phenomenon that different radial acoustic modes have different frequency shift-temperature and frequency shift-salinity coefficients,we propose a novel method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity by measuring the frequency shift changes of two FBS scattering peaks.In a proof-of-concept experiment,the temperature and salinity measurement errors are 0.12℃and 0.29%,respectively.The proposed method for simultaneously measuring temperature and salinity has the potential applications such as ocean surveying,food manufacturing and pharmaceutical engineering.

基于背向Brillouin散射监测混凝土应变

采用贴附法将一根玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)单芯应变传感光缆埋设于钢筋混凝土试件的中间部位,对混凝土内部应变进行分布式测量。考虑在温度和外加应变的作用下,光纤中的背向布里渊(Brillouin)散射光将发生频移,使用光时域反射仪(OTDR)对反射光信号进行了分析。研究了混凝土凝固过程中应变的变化,结果表明:混凝土试件浇筑完成当天应变变化明显,应变变化趋势与试件内部温度相似,试件内部应变主要受水泥水化热的影响。试件凝固后,通过外力作用使得混凝土试件在纵向中心轴上产生平均宽度为6mm的裂缝。检测裂缝出现前后试件的应变变化,发现裂缝出现后试件内部应变明显变大,共发现3个应变峰值。通过应变峰值位置的分析,可判断裂缝的出现位置与方向。实验显示,利用背向Brillouin散射的分布式应变检测技术可较好地实现混凝土应变的分布式测量。

一种基于多准则决策和PSO-LM混合优化算法的多峰Brillouin散射谱的特征提取方法

采用传统方法对多峰Brillouin散射谱进行拟合的过程中,通常是以谱线最大功率点为基准的,却忽略了其他比该点小但却是极值的功率点。这样获得的拟合曲线通常只有一个峰值,相当于把除最高峰之外还有多个小峰的多峰Brillouin散射谱进行了简化,导致大量有用信息的丢失。为了提高Brillouin散射谱的特征提取精度,提出了一种基于MCDM和PSO-LM混合优化算法的多峰Brillouin散射谱特征提取方法(MCDM-PSO-LM)。MCDM可以识别和准确定位多峰Brillouin散射谱的各个波峰和波谷;PSO-LM混合优化算法可以实现分别对各个波峰和波谷的曲线进行拟合并找到每一个波峰的中心频率,该算法既克服了PSO算法过早收敛于局部极值和LM算法依赖初值的问题,又可以将PSO算法的全局搜索能力和LM算法的局部收敛能力结合在一起。较传统算法而言,MCDM--PSO—LM算法保证了对最优值求解的速度和精度,提高了运算能力,使解析解最大限度地接近最优值。分别在不同信噪比和不同线宽条件下进行仿真验证,频移和温度误差分析结果表明,MCDM--PSO—LM方法可以对多峰Brillouin散射谱的各个波峰与波谷进行准确定位,可用于多峰Brillouin散射谱的特征提取,识别效果明显强于传统算法,提高了信息分析的准确性。

激光等离子体的受激Brillouin散射

研究了激光等离子体背向和侧向受激 Brillouin散射光谱结构。激光等离子体相互作用时 ,受激 Brillouin散射光谱受激光等离子体状态的影响而产生 Doppler效应。当激光以 4 5°入射不同材料的平面靶时 ,等离子体运动产生不同的二维效应 ,高 Z材料产生的等离子体冕区主要沿靶法向运动 ,受激 Brillouin散射光谱在侧向产生较大蓝移 ,而低 Z材料则主要在激光入射方向产生较大蓝移。

Tunable photonic microwave generated by multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser

Aimed at the problem of narrow tunability and low frequency microwave signal generated by the optical method,a novel approach to stabilizing the tunable photonic microwave generated by the multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser is proposed and is experimentally demonstrated.A singlelongitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser is designed,and by using the laser,a multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser with more than eleven orders of Stokes wave is observed.The wavelength spacing of the adjacent Stokes wave is 0.085 nm.If the Brillouin pump power is increased,the number of Stokes wave output can be further increased.The tunable microwave signals of 10.8 and 21.6 GHz are obtained by heterodyning the Rayleigh wave and Stokes wave of the multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser.In the experiment,by tuning the pump wavelength and temperature of the gain fiber,microwave signals at different frequencies are generated.The tunable frequency range can be further expanded by using a temperature controller with a wider adjustment range,and the generated microwave signal exhibits high stability on frequency.

Signal Processing for Fibre-optic Distributed Sensing Techniques Employing Brillouin Scattering

As fibre optic distributed scattering sensing systems are providing innovative solutions for the monitoring of large structures,Brillouin-based distributed scattering sensing techniques represent a new physical approach for structures health monitoring,which seems extremely promising and is receiving most attentions.This paper comprehensively presents some methods of signal interrogation for fibre optic Brillouin-based distributed scattering sensing technology,especially establishes an accurate Pseudo-Voigt model of Brillouin gain spectrum and gives some results on spectrum analysis and data processing.

Brillouin光纤应变传感中的参数理论计算

本文首次推出了确定Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ散射频移与光纤拉伸应变关系的参数理论计算公式。以ＳｉＯ２石英系光纤为例进行了计算，结果表明：光纤的拉伸成变主要通过调制杨氏模量引起Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ频移发生变化。作者认为，文中给出的公式是合符实际的。

六方晶系Brillouin散射的旋转对称性

指出六方晶系Ｂｒｉｌｏｕｉｎ散射具有围绕晶体六次轴的任意旋转对称性，给出该晶系含体积元转动贡献的散射张量的简洁形式，讨论了压电效应对这种旋转对称性的影响。

Brillouin散射研究聚苯乙烯的动态力学性质和弛豫过程

用Brillouin散射研究了聚苯乙烯的动态力学性质和弛豫过程及交联对它们的影响。除了观察到它们的高温(T>T_g)无定形弛豫外,还在交联的聚苯乙烯中发现了一种新的弛豫过程,研究了不同交联结构对这种弛豫过程的影响,求得其活化能为12kcal/mol左右。分析了它们所关联的分子运动机制。

A method to measure the Brillouin frequency shift of the medium through Brillouin amplification ratio

In order to measure the Brillouin frequency shift （BFS） of the medium, this paper proposes a method using mixtures in a two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering system, which uses a medium to be measured as amplifier medium and a mixture medium as generator medium. The seed light from the generator gains effective amplification in the amplifier and the amplification ratio changes with the mixing fraction, Only when the BFS of the mixture medium is equal to that of the medium in the amplifier does the seed light obtain the maximum amplification ratio. The method has the advantage of independence of the wavelength of the incident light.

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） based on the generation location of a Stokes beam is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The length of the medium cell is selected to be longer than the free gain length of pump pulses in the Brillouin medium. The reflected light from a certain mirror in front of the medium cell is chosen as the reference beam, and the SBS threshold is measured by the ＂jump＂ of the delay between the Stokes beam and the reference beam. An 8-ns Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode pulse is used as the pump and the typical SBS medium FC-72 is selected as the nonlinear medium in our experiment. The SBS threshold intensity is measured to be 173-178 mW/cm2, which is consistent with existing results measured with the transmitted energy limiting method.

Brillouin gain spectrum characterization in Ge-doped large-mode-area fibers

The dependence of Brillouin gain spectrum(BGS)characteristics,including the Brillouin frequency shift(BFS)and the BGS bandwidth,on germanium concentration in large-mode-area Ge-doped passive fibers is investigated theoretically and experimentally.The simulation results show that the BFS is inversely proportional to GeO_(2)concentration,and the BGS bandwidth initially increases with the augment of GeO_(2)concentration,and then decreases.The BGSs of four fibers with core diameters of 10μm and 20μm for different GeO_(2)concentrations are compared experimentally.Experimental results demonstrate that with the same core diameter,the variations of BFS and BGS bandwidths with GeO_(2)concentration accord with the simulation results.Additionally,the BGS characteristics of three large-mode-area passive fibers with diameters of 10μm,25μm,and 30μm are measured,which confirm that the increasing of the fiber diameters will cause the BGS bandwidth to broaden.We believe that these results can provide valuable references for modulating the high-power narrowlinewidth fiber lasers and Brillouin fiber amplifiers.

Brillouin scattering spectrum character extraction based on genetic algorithm and seeker optimization algorithm

A new hybrid optimization method based on genetic algorithm(GA)and seeker optimization algorithm(SOA)is presented in this paper.The hybrid algorithm optimizes SOA by using crossover and mutation operations in GA in order to improve the global search ability of SOA.Four algorithms,i.e.particle swarm optimization(PSO),SOA,GA and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(GA-QPSO)and GA-SOA are used to process the simulation and experimental data of Brillouin scattering spectrum(BSS)at different temperatures.The results show that GA-SOA improves the accuracy of extracting the center frequency shift and the minimum center frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum compared with other three algorithms.The shift error is 0.203 MHz.Therefore,GA-SOA can be applied to the accurate extraction of BSS characteristics.

基于Brillouin散射的分布式光纤拉伸应变传感器的理论分析

分布式光纤拉伸应变传感器具有非常重要的应用前景。本文中着重从理论上分析讨论了光纤拉伸应变与由此引起的Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ散射光相对于入射光频移量的变化关系。计算结果表明：其理论和实验数据基本吻合。