Objective:To investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infection and their phylogeny in Bandicota indica rats from the cadmium-contaminated area of Mae Sot and the Myanmar border.Methods:Blood samples were taken from ...Objective:To investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infection and their phylogeny in Bandicota indica rats from the cadmium-contaminated area of Mae Sot and the Myanmar border.Methods:Blood samples were taken from 100 animals,and parasite infection was examined by light microscopy observation and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)studies.Results:Trypanosoma spp.infection was found in 20%of the thin blood smear samples.PCR showed positive 623 bp DNA bands in 21 samples(21%).The sequencing analysis showed that all of the samples(100%)had the Trypanasoma lewisi 18 S ribosomal RNA gene.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these 16 isolates of Trypanosoma spp.were closely related to Trypanasoma lewisi.Conclusions:Molecular detection using PCR is as effective as conventional light microscopy analysis.This study confirms that trypanosomal infection in rodents is still high;therefore,fleas as their vectors need to be controlled in order to prevent transmission to humans.展开更多
This study investigated some aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female greater bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica, in southern Thailand from September 2004 to September 2006. In females, body, uterine and p...This study investigated some aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female greater bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica, in southern Thailand from September 2004 to September 2006. In females, body, uterine and preputial gland weights, occurrences of pregnancies and placental scars, and in males, testicular weights and histology, and sizes of accessory sex glands, were recorded. Pregnancies occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in the wet season, with a higher incidence pregnancies in the second, than in the first, dry season. Uterine and preputial gland weights tended to be lower in the first, but not the second dry season, with placental scars occurring at all times of year. Males tended to have heavier testes in the wet season but some seminiferous tubules contained sperm even in the dry season. Seminal vesicles, but not prostates and preputial glands, tended to be heavier in animals in the wet season. We conclude that the greater bandicoot rat in southern Thailand shows maximal reproductive activity in the wet season with some reproductive activity, albeit variable from year to year, occurring in the dry season depending upon environmental conditions. This study has also shown that females, as well as males, have large preputial glands, and that males invariably have small testes regardless of the time of year. These observations suggest a similar timing of reproduction, but a different breeding biology and perhaps social organisation, from that of the sylnpatric ricefield rat, Rattus argentiventer.展开更多
Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations.The current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of qu...Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations.The current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast Asia.Rats in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility parameters.Effect of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut cropfields.Treatment resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,respectively.No reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of treatment.Post-mortem examination showed a significant(P<0.0001)effect of treatment on organ weights(testis,cauda epididymis,seminal vesicles,and prostate gland)and different sperm parameters(sperm motility,sperm viability,sperm count,and sperm abnormality)in the cauda epididymalfluid with partial reversibility after 60 days.A significant(P<0.0001)effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on spermatogenesis.Affected cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping treatment.Evaluation of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide alone.Research concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of B.bengalensis populations,but long-term studies of the effectiveness of quinestrol under large-scalefield conditions are needed to use it as part of an integrated pest control program for rodents.展开更多
The invasive Muridae are arguably among the most destructive alien animal species on the planet,for example,leading to the extinction of native birds and reptiles,the spread of zoonotic diseases,the destruction of bui...The invasive Muridae are arguably among the most destructive alien animal species on the planet,for example,leading to the extinction of native birds and reptiles,the spread of zoonotic diseases,the destruction of buildings,and the contamination of food(Doherty et al.2016;Zhang et al.2022).The lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis is a giant rat of the Muridae family,which is mainly distributed in South and Southeast Asia such as India and Myanmar and become one of major pest rodents(Singleton et al.2003;Rao et al.2019).In China,the lesser bandicoot rat has long been recorded only in 2 narrow border regions of southwest Xinjiang and southwest Tibet.展开更多
Rodents and weeds are important pests to rice crops in Southeast Asia.The interaction between these 2 major pests is poorly documented.In temperate cereal systems,seeds of grass weeds can be an important food source f...Rodents and weeds are important pests to rice crops in Southeast Asia.The interaction between these 2 major pests is poorly documented.In temperate cereal systems,seeds of grass weeds can be an important food source for rodents and weed cover along crop margins provides important refuge for rodents.In 2012 and 2013,a replicated study(n=4)in Bago,Myanmar compared 4 treatments(rodents and weeds;no rodents and weeds;rodents and no weeds;no rodents and no weeds)each of 0.25 ha in transplanted rice.Weeds were managed with hand weeding in the wet season,and hand weeding and herbicides in the dry season.Plastic fences were installed to exclude rodents.We examined the weed cover and relative abundance of weed species,rodent damage,rodent population dynamics and rice yield loss caused by rodents and weeds.The dominant rodent species was Bandicota bengalensis.In the dry season,Cyperus difformis was dominant at the tillering stage and Echinochloa crus-galli was the dominant weed species at the booting stage.In the wet season E.crus-galli was a dominant weed throughout the season.Damage by rodents was higher in the dry season.There were larger economic benefits for best weed management and effective rodent control in the dry season(258 US$/ha)than in the wet season(30 US$/ha).Concurrent control of weeds in and around rice fields combined with coordinated community trapping of rodents during the early tillering stage and ripening stage of rice are recommended management options.展开更多
基金granted by Naresuan University,Phitsanulok,Thailand(Grant No.R2559C136).
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infection and their phylogeny in Bandicota indica rats from the cadmium-contaminated area of Mae Sot and the Myanmar border.Methods:Blood samples were taken from 100 animals,and parasite infection was examined by light microscopy observation and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)studies.Results:Trypanosoma spp.infection was found in 20%of the thin blood smear samples.PCR showed positive 623 bp DNA bands in 21 samples(21%).The sequencing analysis showed that all of the samples(100%)had the Trypanasoma lewisi 18 S ribosomal RNA gene.Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that these 16 isolates of Trypanosoma spp.were closely related to Trypanasoma lewisi.Conclusions:Molecular detection using PCR is as effective as conventional light microscopy analysis.This study confirms that trypanosomal infection in rodents is still high;therefore,fleas as their vectors need to be controlled in order to prevent transmission to humans.
文摘This study investigated some aspects of the reproductive biology of male and female greater bandicoot rats, Bandicota indica, in southern Thailand from September 2004 to September 2006. In females, body, uterine and preputial gland weights, occurrences of pregnancies and placental scars, and in males, testicular weights and histology, and sizes of accessory sex glands, were recorded. Pregnancies occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in the wet season, with a higher incidence pregnancies in the second, than in the first, dry season. Uterine and preputial gland weights tended to be lower in the first, but not the second dry season, with placental scars occurring at all times of year. Males tended to have heavier testes in the wet season but some seminiferous tubules contained sperm even in the dry season. Seminal vesicles, but not prostates and preputial glands, tended to be heavier in animals in the wet season. We conclude that the greater bandicoot rat in southern Thailand shows maximal reproductive activity in the wet season with some reproductive activity, albeit variable from year to year, occurring in the dry season depending upon environmental conditions. This study has also shown that females, as well as males, have large preputial glands, and that males invariably have small testes regardless of the time of year. These observations suggest a similar timing of reproduction, but a different breeding biology and perhaps social organisation, from that of the sylnpatric ricefield rat, Rattus argentiventer.
文摘Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent populations.The current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast Asia.Rats in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility parameters.Effect of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut cropfields.Treatment resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,respectively.No reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of treatment.Post-mortem examination showed a significant(P<0.0001)effect of treatment on organ weights(testis,cauda epididymis,seminal vesicles,and prostate gland)and different sperm parameters(sperm motility,sperm viability,sperm count,and sperm abnormality)in the cauda epididymalfluid with partial reversibility after 60 days.A significant(P<0.0001)effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on spermatogenesis.Affected cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping treatment.Evaluation of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide alone.Research concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of B.bengalensis populations,but long-term studies of the effectiveness of quinestrol under large-scalefield conditions are needed to use it as part of an integrated pest control program for rodents.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2602500)the STS Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJSTS-ZDTP-2021-002)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong(2021B1212110003).
文摘The invasive Muridae are arguably among the most destructive alien animal species on the planet,for example,leading to the extinction of native birds and reptiles,the spread of zoonotic diseases,the destruction of buildings,and the contamination of food(Doherty et al.2016;Zhang et al.2022).The lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis is a giant rat of the Muridae family,which is mainly distributed in South and Southeast Asia such as India and Myanmar and become one of major pest rodents(Singleton et al.2003;Rao et al.2019).In China,the lesser bandicoot rat has long been recorded only in 2 narrow border regions of southwest Xinjiang and southwest Tibet.
基金the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation through the CORIGAP project(Grant no.81016734).
文摘Rodents and weeds are important pests to rice crops in Southeast Asia.The interaction between these 2 major pests is poorly documented.In temperate cereal systems,seeds of grass weeds can be an important food source for rodents and weed cover along crop margins provides important refuge for rodents.In 2012 and 2013,a replicated study(n=4)in Bago,Myanmar compared 4 treatments(rodents and weeds;no rodents and weeds;rodents and no weeds;no rodents and no weeds)each of 0.25 ha in transplanted rice.Weeds were managed with hand weeding in the wet season,and hand weeding and herbicides in the dry season.Plastic fences were installed to exclude rodents.We examined the weed cover and relative abundance of weed species,rodent damage,rodent population dynamics and rice yield loss caused by rodents and weeds.The dominant rodent species was Bandicota bengalensis.In the dry season,Cyperus difformis was dominant at the tillering stage and Echinochloa crus-galli was the dominant weed species at the booting stage.In the wet season E.crus-galli was a dominant weed throughout the season.Damage by rodents was higher in the dry season.There were larger economic benefits for best weed management and effective rodent control in the dry season(258 US$/ha)than in the wet season(30 US$/ha).Concurrent control of weeds in and around rice fields combined with coordinated community trapping of rodents during the early tillering stage and ripening stage of rice are recommended management options.
