Geological Characteristics and Ore-controlling Factors of the Beiya Gold–Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province

Based on comprehensive petrological, geochronological, and geochemical studies, this study analyzed the relationships between the Beiya gold-polymetallic skarn deposit and quartz syenite porphyries, and discussed the source（s） and evolution of magmas. Our results suggest that syenite porphyries（i.e. the Wandongshan, the Dashadi, and the Hongnitang porphyries）, which formed between the Eocene and the early Oligocene epochs, are the sources for the gold-polymetallic ores at the Beiya deposit. Carbonate rocks（T2 b） of the Triassic Beiya Formation in the ore district provide favorable host space for deposit formation. Fold and fault structures collectively play an important role in ore formation. The contact zone between the porphyries and carbonates, the structurally fractured zone of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the zone with well-developed fractures are the ideal locations for ore bodies. Four types of mineralization have been recognized： 1） porphyry-style stockwork gold–iron（copper） ore, 2） skarn-style gold-iron（copper and lead） ore in the near contact zone, 3） strata-bound, lense-type lead–silver–gold ore in the outer contact zone, and 4） distal vein-type gold–lead–silver ore. Supergene processes led to the formation of oxide ore, such as the weathered and accumulated gold–iron ore, the strata-bound fracture oxide ore, and the structure-controlled vein-type ore. Most of these ore deposits are distributed along the axis of the depressed basin, with the hypogene ore controlling the shape and characteristics of the oxide ore. This study provides critical geology understanding for mineral prospecting scenarios.

Identification of the Concealed Structures in the Beiya Area of Western Yunnan

The interpretation of regional gravity and magnetic data, especially the extracted information about concealed targets and structures, provide important evidence for geological structure research, oil-gas resource assessment, mineral potential forecast and prospective area delineation. Several interpretation methods have been proposed to determine structural boundary, including vertical derivative, horizontal first-order derivative, total horizontal derivative, total gradient modulus, tilt derivative, and theta graph, and each have their advantages and disadvantages. This study used the tilt derivate method to obtain bouguer gravity anomalies in the Beya area, as shown in Fig. 1a.

Hydrothermal evolution and source of metallogenic materials of Beiya Au polymetallic deposit,western Yunnan,China

The Beiya porphyry-skarn gold-polymetallic deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China and it also contains significant amounts of silver and base metals.The ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry occurs as a stock,of which the skarn type gold-copper-iron ore bodies are controlled by the contact zone between alkali-rich monzonitic granite porphyry and the limestone,and the gold-silver polymetallic mineralization is controlled by interlayer structure.Alteration and mineralization occur around the intrusion and exterior of monzonitic granite porphyry.Ore mineral formation sequence is as follows:skarn minerals→magnetite→pyrite→chalcopyrite/bornite+pyrite+gold→pyrite+galena+gold(silver).Petrographic studies of fluid inclusions indicate that the following types of inclusions exist in the pre-mineralization quartz-pyrite stage:gas-liquid two-phase inclusions(L-type),three-phase inclusions with daughter minerals(D-type)and gas-rich inclusions(V-type).The colorless transparent quartz in the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage mainly consists of L-type and V-type inclusions,whereas the inclusions in the late gold-silver-galena stage are mainly L-type.The evolution of ore-forming fluids shows a trend from high temperature,high salinity to medium-low temperature and low salinity.Medium-low density fluids play a dominant role in mineral component migration and transportation.Fluid cooling and boiling are the main mechanisms of gold-copper precipitation,while the involvement of atmospheric water and pH reduction are the main mechanisms of gold-silver polymetallic precipitation.The fluids in the quartz-pyrite stage before mineralization and the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage are dominated by magmatic water,while in the gold-silver-galena stage the fluids are dominated by atmospheric water.Isotope tracers show that S and Pb are mainly derived from monzonitic granite porphyry,not from limestone of the Beiya Formation.

Source of the Ore-forming Adakitic Porphyry at the Beiya Super-large Au Deposit, Western Yangtze Craton: New Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Amphibolite Xenoliths

Objective The Beiya super-large Au-rich porphyry deposit(304 t Au,2.4 g/t Au)is located within the western Yangtze craton,to the southeast of the Sanjiang Tethyan Orogen(Fig.1).The ore-forming porphyry is adakitic,characterized by high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios coupled with low Y and Yb contents,and is generally thought to be derived from partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust.The lower crust underneath the western Yangtze craton is mainly composed of ancient crust with Archean ages,juvenile crust resulting from the Neoproterozoic subduction(740–1000 Ma),and late Permian juvenile crust related to the Emeishan mantle plume.Which lower crustal end-member has played a critical role in genesis of the Beiya ore-forming porphyry can be constrained by zircon U-Pb ages of amphibolite xenoliths hosted in the ore-forming porphyry,because these xenoliths represent direct samples of the source.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb ages of these amphibolite xenoliths to have insight into the nature of the Beiya adakitic porphyry source.

Hydrous Juvenile Lower Crust at the Western Yangtze Craton Margin as the Main Source of the Beiya Porphyry-skarn Au Deposit

The Beiya porphyry-skarn Au deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China,temporally and spatially associated with Eocene intrusions in a post-collisional setting in western Yunnan,China.In this study,we report new whole-rock geochemistry,Sr-Nd isotope,zircon U-Pb geochronology and in situ zircon Hf-O isotopes of quartz-monzonite and biotite-monzonite porphyries from the Beiya deposit.The porphyry-skarn mineralization at the Beiya deposit is mainly associated with the quartz monzonite porphyry(35.8±0.6 Ma),while the biotite-monzonite porphyry(34.3±0.5 Ma)represents a post-mineralization intrusion crosscutting the main orebodies and the quartz-monzonite porphyry.Both intrusions have high-K and adakitic composition and are characterized by high Sr/Y ratios,high SiO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3)concentrations(SiO_(2)=69.80-73.86 wt%;Al_(2)O_(3)=14.11-15.19 wt%),and low MgO,Cr,and Ni concentrations(MgO=0.2-1.0 wt%;Cr=1.76-11.13 ppm;Ni=2.52-11.72 ppm).Their Sr-Nd isotope compositions(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0.7066-0.7077;εNd(t)=−5.3 to−1.5)are consistent with the lower crustal-derived amphibolite xenoliths(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr=0.7060-0.7100;εNd(t)=−10.0 to 0.0),indicating that they might be derived from a thickened juvenile lower crust beneath the Yangtze Craton.The biotite-monzonite porphyry has lower zirconδ^(18)O values of+5.3‰to+6.8‰and higherεHf(t)values of−2.3 to+5.5 than those of the quartz-monzonite porphyry withδ^(18)O values of+7.1‰to+8.2‰andεHf(t)values of−3.8 to+1.5,implying that they were derived from different parts of the lower crust.High Ba/La and Pb/Ce ratios suggest that the quartz-monzonite porphyry is derived from a volatiles-rich reservoir.Relatively higher La/Yb,Sm/Yb and Dy/Yb ratios of the biotite-monzonite porphyry indicate residual garnet in the source,indicating a deeper source than that of the quartz-monzonite porphyry.The hydrous components should be represented by the amphibole-rich lithologies,which has relatively shallower depth than that of the garnet-bearing mafic thickened lower crust.Our data suggest that the mineralized quartz-monzonite porphyry at the Beiya deposit is derived from partial melting of amphibole-rich lithologies in the upper part of the thickened juvenile lower crust beneath the Yangtze Craton,while the post-mineralization biotite-monzonite porphyry is derived from the basal,and volatiles-poor,part of the juvenile lower crust.

Beiya Gold Deposit,Heqing County,Yunnan——One of China's Ten Biggest Gold Deposits

The Beiya gold polymetallic ore district covers an area of 22.06 km2 and is located 47.5 km away in the direction 172° from Heqing county seat of northwestern Yunnan. Its geographical coordinates are 100° 11 ′15″-100° 13′00″ E and 60°07′30″26°10′30″ N. Since its discovery in 1999 until November 31st 2013, it has had accumulative proven （111b＋122b＋331 ＋332＋333） gold metal amounts of 258.475 t at an average grade of 2.61 g/t. This deposit contains 88.98 million tons of paragenetic and associated iron ores, with TFe grade varying from 9% to 36%; metal amounts are： gold 27 t; copper 0.6188 million tons; silver 5439 t; lead 1.35 million ton; zinc 0.31 million ton; and sulfur content is 10.09 million ton. Beiya is one of the top ten largest gold deposits discovered in recent years in China.

Concealed porphyry delineation based on nonlinear three-dimensional densitydifference inversion: An example in the Beiya mine area, Western Yunnan, China

Intermediate acid-complex rock masses with low-density characteristics are the most important prospecting sign in the Beiya area, of western Yunnan province, and provide a physical basis for good gravity exploration. It is usually difficult to obtaining solutions in connection with actual geological situations due to the ambiguity of the conventional gravity-processing results and lack of deep constraints. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) inversion technology is considered as the main channel for reducing the number of solutions and improving the vertical resolution at the current stage. The current study starts from a model test and performs nonlinear 3D density-difference inversion called “model likelihood exploration”, which performs 3D inversion imaging and inversion of the known model while considering the topographic effects. The inversion results are highly consistent with those of the known models. Simultaneously, we consider the Beiya gold mine in Yunnan as an example. The nonlinear 3D densitydifference inversion technology, which is restricted by geological information, is explored to obtain the 3D density body structure below 5 km in the mine area, and the 3D structure of the deep and concealed rock masses are obtained using the density constraints of the intermediate-acid-complex rock masses. The results are well consistent with the surface geological masses and drilling-controlled deep geological masses. The model test and examples both show that the 3D density-difference nonlinear inversion technology can reduce inversion ambiguity, improve resolution, optimize the inversion results, and realize “transparency” in deeply concealed rock masses in ore-concentrated areas,which is useful in guiding the deep ore prospecting.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE STRUCTURAL STRESS FIELD OF BEIYA GOLD DEPOSIT

Based on the study about the geological background of Beiya Gold Deposit, numerical simulation was conducted about the three-dimensional structural stress field for Beiya Gold Deposit by applying finite element theory and by employing a linear elasticity model. Results of the simulation indicate that the Beiya syncline is a faulted basin, and a hidden fracture occurs in the west wing of the syncline.Under the action of the EW-trending compressive force, four nearly NS-trending fractures (groups) were generated in the stress stretching areas of the two wings of the syncline, and these fractures constitute favorable tectonic positions for the upward intrusion of porphyry magma and the occurrence of Au-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposits.

氧化-还原界面特征及影响因素分析——以北衙斑岩-矽卡岩型金多金属矿床万硐山矿段为例

氧化-还原界面的分布在矿业生产及找矿勘查中具有重要意义。通过对北衙金多金属矿床万硐山矿段地质勘查、矿山地质和生产勘探等地质资料进行整理,对影响氧化-还原界面分布的因素进行了分析。经对比分析,查明地层、岩浆岩、构造、水文条件是影响氧化-还原界面分布的主要因素,褶皱对氧化-还原界面的变化没有影响。研究氧化-还原界面三维空间展布特征并建立较为准确的三维空间模型对生产计划的准确性及施工组织方案的确定具有重要意义,可实现资源的高效能利用。

云南省北衙金矿露采边坡稳定性影响因素与防治措施

随着云南省北衙金矿服务年限和开采深度的增加,万硐山露天采场边坡稳定问题显得尤为重要。本文从内因和外因两个方面总结分析边坡稳定性的影响因素,其中地质构造和水是主要的影响因素。提出合理规范开采、确保排水疏干、加强监测预警、优化爆破方法及参数、坡面防护等防治建议,为露天采场境界优化、边坡治理、矿山安全开采提供地质依据。

滇西北衙富碱斑岩的特征及成因

提供了与滇西北衙大型金矿床密切相关的富碱斑岩的主量元素及稀土和微量元素的分析数据，对富碱斑岩的成因、起源条件和源区类型进行了讨论。研究表明，北衙地区的富碱斑岩具有较高的SiO2（w（SiO2）〉68％）和Al2O3（w（Al2O3）=13．45％-15．22％），具有富集Sr（w（Sr）=365×10^-6-930×10^-6），亏损HREE（w（Yb）=0．64×10^-6-1．17×10^-6和Y（w（Y）=7．17×10^-6-12．25×10^-6），较高的w（Sr）／w（Y）、w（La）N／w（Yb）。比值，无明显的负Eu异常等特征，显示了与埃达克岩的某些相似性。然而，富碱斑岩低的w（MgO）、w（Cr）和埘（Ni），又与典型的埃达克岩有所不同。富碱斑岩产出的地质背景及岩石学和地球化学特征表明，富碱斑岩并非起源于俯冲的大洋板片，而是源于加厚地壳的底部，源区为榴辉岩相岩石。富碱斑岩显著富集Rb、Ba、Th、K，可能与俯冲大陆板片的脱水作用和流体的交代作用有关。产生富碱斑岩岩浆的动力学机制，与印度大陆板块和扬子大陆板块对“三江”的相向俯冲、金沙江-红河断裂带的走滑拉分及其诱发的软流圈上涌和流体交代作用有关。

滇西北衙煌斑岩的岩石成因及动力学背景：年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

北衙地区出露有多条煌斑岩脉,锆石LA-ICP-MS定年表明岩脉的侵位时间为34.96±0.66Ma,与滇西地区新生代岩浆活动的高峰期一致。岩石地球化学分析表明北衙煌斑岩具有高钾(K2O/Na2O为1.03~10.38)、富碱((K2O+Na2O)(平均7.55%)、高Mg#(30~73),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(K、Rb、Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素的特征。同位素以高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70615~0.70825),低εNd(t)(-5.3^-1.3),富集放射性Pb(208Pb/204Pb=38.542~38.856,207Pb/204Pb=15.553~15.617,206Pb/204Pb=18.482~18.612)为特征,176Hf/177Hf为0.282631~0.282882,εHf(t)为-4.2~1.8。岩石地球化学和同位素特征表明该煌斑岩源自经俯冲板片交代富集了的岩石圈地幔,推测源区可能为含金云母的尖晶石相橄榄岩地幔与石榴石相橄榄岩地幔的过渡区,起源深度大致在75~85km,明显高于同区富碱斑岩的起源深度。构造和地球动力学背景分析表明,该煌斑岩以及滇西地区新生代岩浆作用都是对印度-欧亚大陆强烈碰撞的响应,都产在强烈伸展的动力学背景下,为岩石圈减薄的产物。

滇西北衙多金属矿田矿床成因类型及其与富碱斑岩关系初探

北衙金多金属矿田是与金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩有关的成矿作用的典型代表之一,近年来在矿产勘查方面又有重大突破,金已达到超大型矿床,伴生铁、铜、银、铅、锌也达到了大-中型矿床规模。本文基于野外观察与室内研究,结合前人研究成果,对北衙多金属矿的成因类型,富碱斑岩与成矿作用的关系及成矿机制进行了系统总结,对与成矿相关的富碱斑岩进行了主量元素及锆石LA-ICP-MS的测试,探讨了铁矿的成因。研究表明,矿田原生金属矿床可分为:斑岩型铜金矿化,夕卡岩型铁、金、铜、铅、锌矿化,爆破角砾岩筒中的铁、金、铅、锌矿化以及热液型金、银、铅、锌矿化。其中夕卡岩型和热液型矿床是该区最主要的成矿类型。新生代富碱斑岩(石英正长斑岩)的年龄分别34.92±0.66Ma和36.24±0.63Ma。属于钾质碱性岩系列。它不仅为含矿流体的上升提供了动力和热能,而且还是成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源,因此形成以斑岩体为中心,由斑岩型、夕卡岩型、热液型等矿床构成的一个连续的成矿系统。钾质碱性岩及矿床是在碰撞造山走滑构造系统深部壳幔相互作用的产物。本区岩体接触带中发育大量由菱铁矿和磁铁矿组成的铁矿体,其中大部分的磁铁矿是一种具有赤铁矿的板状晶或聚片双晶假象的穆磁铁矿。对磁铁矿和菱铁矿形成条件的分析表明,磁铁矿和菱铁矿主要是在碱性环境下交代含铁夕卡岩矿物形成的。当热液中H+的浓度降低时,赤铁矿被还原为磁铁矿,但仍保留了赤铁矿的晶形,于是成为穆磁铁矿。由此推测,本区成矿作用是在成矿流体及夕卡岩化交代作用长时间反复持续进行的条件下发生的,这可能是本区得以形成巨量金属堆积的重要原因之一。

滇西北衙金矿矿床类型与结构模型

北衙金矿区作为藏东—川滇西—滇东南喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩带的一部分,发育有3期成分不同的碱性斑岩,并经历了多期成矿作用。北衙金矿有3种成因不同的矿床:①与碱性斑岩有关的铜金多金属矿,包括与石英钠长斑岩和石英正长斑岩有关的斑岩型铜金矿床和矽卡岩型多金属矿床;②与辉长-玄武岩浆有关的铁金矿床,包括熔浆型铁金矿床和喷流沉积型多金属矿床,后者又有洞穴和湖相沉积环境之分;及③古砂矿,有古风化壳型砂矿、河湖相古砂矿和洞穴沉积古砂矿。北衙矿区复杂多样、多期叠加活动的岩浆与成矿作用,造就了矿区大规模的成矿作用。

滇西北衙金多金属矿床流体包裹体研究

北衙金多金属矿是与滇西新生代富碱斑岩有关的典型代表之一。通过对矿区石英脉、富碱斑岩中的石英斑晶以及方解石脉中流体包裹体的类型、特征、温度、盐度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分分析和包裹体的激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了流体性质、来源。研究表明,该区存在高温高盐度流体、中高温高盐度流体、中低温低盐度流体3种流体。流体总体属于NaCl-H2O体系,均一温度范围在132～550℃(个别大于550℃),盐度范围在1.9%～61.1%(NaCleq)。高盐度流体不是由热水溶液的不混溶作用或沸腾作用形成的,而是由中酸性岩浆在深部岩浆房中通过结晶分异作用形成,和/或在浅成条件下于岩浆结晶的最后阶段从浅部岩浆中直接出溶形成的。红泥塘、南大坪两矿段石英斑晶中金属子矿物特别是黄铜矿的发现,暗示早期来自岩浆的热液流体金属含量较高,形成于大气降水与岩浆热液混合之前。上述特征表明北衙地区富碱斑岩具有巨大成矿潜力。

滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床成因类型及成矿规律

北衙金多金属矿床的找矿工作近年取得了重大突破,使金矿储量达到超大型矿床规模,共、伴生铅锌、银、铜、铁、硫矿也达到大-中型规模。对北衙矿床的成因类型和成矿规律的综合研究及地质勘查工作成果表明,矿床受控于喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩与T2b碳酸盐岩的内、外接触带,属于与喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩有关的矽卡岩-热液型金多金属矿床。矿床类型包括矽卡岩型、层间破碎带型(含硅-钙面型)、裂隙脉型以及表生作用形成的风化-堆积型。喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩是矿床形成最关键的控矿因素,以斑岩体为中心,从斑岩内部→接触带→外带→远程,成矿元素有从Cu-Au→Au-Cu-Fe→Au-Fe→Au-Fe-Pb→Pb-Ag的分带规律。北衙地区构造-岩浆-流体活动强烈,成矿物质来源丰富,矿化期次复杂且类型多样,成矿空间范围广,成矿地质条件优越,深部及外围仍具有巨大的找矿潜力。

滇西北衙金多金属矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

北衙金多金属矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中段,近年来在矿产勘查中取得重大突破,金储量已达超大型矿床规模,并伴生铁、铜、银、铅、锌等金属矿种。本文通过对矿区内石英正长斑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年,确定其成岩年龄为36.48±0.26Ma;并对矽卡岩型矿体中的辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素定年,首次获得北衙金多金属矿床高精度的成矿年龄为36.87±0.76Ma,测试结果显示成岩与成矿年龄基本一致。辉钼矿中Re含量指示成矿作用与岩浆壳幔混合作用有关。北衙金多金属矿床成岩和成矿年龄与哀牢山-金沙江富碱斑岩成矿带的成岩与成矿作用年龄相一致(40～35Ma),表明其形成受控于相同的地球动力学背景,是在印度与欧亚大陆碰撞背景下,构造体制发生转变,导致加厚下地壳或上地幔的部分熔融而引起的岩浆-热液-成矿事件。

云南北衙金矿床地质特征及成因研究

云南北衙金矿床是滇西北地区与喜山期富碱岩类有关的典型代表之一。矿床成矿与区内富碱岩体 (脉 )形成与分布具有空间上形影相随、时间上相近或稍晚、成因上密切相关的联系。研究表明 ,北衙金矿矿化类型多样 ,特别是于近期发现的具有特大远景的红土型矿化体 ,更成为该矿区的一大特色。矿石中金属矿物复杂 ,蚀变强烈且分带明显。对矿床和相关的富碱岩体 (脉 )开展的金丰度值、同位素和稀土元素研究表明 ,富碱岩体本身并不是矿质的源地 ,成矿流体和主要矿质均源于地球深部 ,文章初步讨论了岩浆成岩与流体成矿之间的关系 ,指出岩浆的形成、演化与侵位过程实际上是深部流体上升的载体以及矿质在流体中得以集中并成矿的热机。

滇西北北衙金多金属矿田的成岩成矿作用：对印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应

北衙金多金属矿田是藏东-金沙江-哀牢山新生代富碱斑岩成矿带中南段的代表性矿床之一,发育一个与富碱斑岩密切相关的金多金属成矿系统。本文较为系统地分析了矿田内的成岩成矿作用特征及其演化过程,并探讨其与印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应关系。富碱斑岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学亲合性,其源区是喜马拉雅期印-亚碰撞造山造成的软流圈向东挤出汇聚使大规模走滑断裂活化,诱发玄武质下地壳部分熔融的壳幔过渡层,成岩年龄可分为第一期(65～59Ma)、第二期(36～32Ma)、第三期(26～24Ma)和最晚期(3.8～3.6Ma)等4期,其中第二、三期与富碱岩带北段的两期岩浆集中活动时期基本吻合,形成的斑岩对金多金属成矿较为有利。区内金多金属矿床可划分为三个矿床类型和七个矿床亚类,即与喜马拉雅早—中期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅰ),包括接触带夕卡岩型、斑岩型和热液充填型(及熔浆型)金多金属矿床;与喜马拉雅第三期斑岩有关的金多金属矿床(Ⅱ),包括爆破角砾岩型和叠加热液改造型金多金属矿床;以及与喜马拉雅期表生作用有关的风化堆积型金矿床(Ⅲ),包括古砂矿型和红色粘土型金矿床。Ⅰ、Ⅱ类型矿床受富碱斑岩及伴生的 NE 到 NNE 向断裂控制,赋存于富碱斑岩体内、内外接触带及其附近围岩的层间破碎带或构造裂隙带中,在成因和空间上与斑岩及隐爆角砾岩等密切有关。成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于地幔,围岩地层只是提供了成矿的空间,不同类型的矿体之间呈"贯通式"的时间和空间关系,构成了一个统一的喜马拉雅期富碱斑岩-热液型金多金属成矿系统。先期形成矿床明显受后期岩浆热液的叠加改造,但矿化分布和成矿元素组合仍表现为以斑岩为中心,存在 CuAu(Mo)多金属→FeCuAuPbZn 多金属→AuPhZnAg 多金属的分带特征。从最早期含金铁矿床形成之后,原生金矿的次生富集和表生成矿作用就已开始,并形成不同成因类型的风化-堆积型金矿床。其中,古红色粘土型金矿床的成矿主要发生在始新世到渐新世,河-湖相古砂金矿床形成于23～5Ma 期间,红色粘土型(残坡积型)金矿床可从始新世一直延续至今。通过与区域斑岩成岩成矿演化时序的对比,提出与藏东-金沙江-哀牢山斑岩成矿带上的众多矿床一样,北衙矿田内的成岩成矿作也是喜马拉雅期印-亚陆陆碰撞造山带成岩成矿作用在东南缘构造转换带的远程效应,记录了印-亚大陆碰撞造山的详细过程。因而,该矿田深部及外围地区,仍存在巨大的找矿潜力。盐源-丽江断裂带可能也是一务与藏东-金沙江.哀牢山斑岩成矿带联系密切而又相对独立的富碱斑岩成矿带。

电、磁综合方法在云南北衙铁金矿勘查中的应用

北衙金矿位于西南三江富碱斑岩成矿带区域,地质构造复杂,华里西期海相玄武岩和喜山期富碱斑岩极为发育;前者普遍具有热液型铜矿化,后者与金、铁、铅、锌、银等多金属矿床具有密切成因关系。本文针对北衙铁金矿,利用高精度磁测圈定的磁异常,结合音频大地电磁法,两种方法互补,遵循"从已知矿床到未知的原则",紧密结合地质资料,较好地探测深部地质构造以及矿体的空间位置,为工程布置提供了有力的指导。