Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.

Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.

Rgwo performances of submerged membrane bioreactor treating brewery wastewater: A laboratory study

Performances of submerged membrane bioreactor （SMBR） treating brewery wastewater were investigated in this study. With little variation of COD：TN：TP ratio （100：5：1） in influent, SMBR showed high removal efficiency （ 〉 90% ） for both COD and NH4^＋ - N, and it also showed a strong resistive ability for shock organics loading rate, evidenced by no obvious fluctuation for COD in the effluent when the organics loading rate suddenly increased from 0. 27 g/（ gMLSS · d） to 0. 54 g/（ gMLSS · d）. Comparatively different with the COD removal, TN and TP removal showed a strong correlation with the growth stage of the sludge in SMBR. When the sludge was in the multiplication stage, about 45% of TN was removed and an average removal efficiency of 30% for TP was also observed. However, when the activated sludge was in the steady stage, the removal efficiency for TN decreased to about 30% , whereas, the removal efficiency for TP was very low, and sometimes even below zero. The results of GC/MS indicated that the residual organic matters in the effluent were mainly alkyl hydrocarbon with high molecular weight, and coupling with the results of electroseopic scanning, it is speculated that biomass formed at external and internal membrane fibers played an important role for the removal of small organics.

Optimal Evaluation of Coag-Flocculation Factors for Alum-Brewery Effluent System by Response Surface Methodology

This work investigates coag-flocculation optimization treatment of alum-brewery effluent system via response surface methodology (RSM). To minimize suspended and dissolved particles (SDP), experiments were carried out using nephelometric jar test and 23-factorial design with three star-points, six-center-points and two replications. A central composite design, which is the standard design of RSM, was used to evaluate the effects and interactions of three major factors (coagulation pH, coagulant dosage, settling time) on the treatment efficiency. Multivariable quadratic model developed for the response studied indicates the optimum conditions to be 9, 500mg/l and 20minutes for coagulation pH, coagulant dosage and settling time, respectively. At optimum, the SDP was reduced from 10831.490mg/l to 801.451mg/l, representing 92.601% removal efficiency. RSM has demonstrated to be appropriate approach for the optimization of the coag-flocculation process by statistical evaluation.

Parametric Response Evaluation for Xanthosoma spp. Induced Coag-Flocculation of Brewery Effluent

This paper presents the kinetic and functional parametric behavior of cocoyam coagulant (CYC) in respect of pH and time variation in brewery effluent at room temperature. The study employed standard nephelometric jar test while CYC production was based on method reported by Ndabigengesere. Coag-flocculation parameter such as order of reaction α, rate constant K, coagulation period, τ1/2 etc. were determined. Maximum parameter values are recorded at K of 6 × 10-1 L/mg·min;dosage of 200 mg/L, pH 8 and τ1/2 of 0.00146 min while the minimum values are recorded at 3 × 10-7 L/mg, dosage of 100 mg/L, pH 10 and τ1/2 of 20.4 min. The maximum coag-flocculation efficiency E (%) obtained was 92.28, thus establishing CYC as a potential effective coag-flocculaant.

KINGWAY'S DREAM AND GLORY--Interviewing Shenzhen Brewery Company Limited's Manager General, Yuan Youjian and his colleagues

Why could Kingway, brand of Shenzhen Brewery CompanyLimited (SBC). in so short time realize its dream and acquire glories? What is its secret in success? What do itsdecision-makers look like? With all these questions, reporter interviewed mangaer general Yuan Youjian.

Water Environmental Impact Assessment and Analysis of Foshan Brewery Project

In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.

Application of Single Angle Turbidimetry on Coag-Flocculation Effect of <i>Detarium microcarpum</i>Seed in Brewery Effluent

Coagulation-flocculation is a proven technique for the removal of suspended solids in wastewater, through the application of single angle turbidimetric measurement. Through this measurement, the coag-flocculation kinetics and functional parameters behavior of Detarium microcarpumin brewery effluent with respect to pH, dosage and time were followed at room temperature. Process parameters such as order of reaction α, rate constant (K), coagulation period τ1/2 etc were determined. Results indicated that reaction order, rate constant, period, pH and dosage recorded optimum values at 2, 1.8 × 10-2 L/mg.min, 0.152 min, 4 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Maximum efficiency recorded was 96.07% at 30 min. Detarium microcarpum has shown potential as an effective bio-coagulant for the removal of turbidity from brewery effluent.

The Standardard System of Famous Enterprise—Tsingtao Brewery No.5 Co., Ltd.

Tsingtao Beer has a history of more than 100 years, which is famous home andabroad for its white and fine foam, glittering &amp; translucent appearance and its mellow taste. From1963 to 1995, Tsingtao Beer had got many national quanlity gold medals. In 1991, she got the firstname ''Ten Nationally Famous Trademarks''; in 1981 and 1985, she won the champion twice atInternational Wine Meeting held in Washington; in 1987, the company got the gold medal for qualityat Mississippi Internatinal Wine Meeting; and in 1991, she got the gold medal of the internationalexposition in Brussels Belgium. Tsingtao Brewery No.5 Co., Ltd. known as a subsidiary, is whollyowned by the Tsingtao Beer Group Company. The quality of Tsingtao Beer meets national standard andTsingtao inner-controled standard, and the products are sold well domestically and exported toEurope and Southeast Asia. They are welcome by customers all over the world.

Enhancement of biogas potential of primary sludge by co-digestion with cow manure and brewery sludge

Anaerobic digestion(AD)has long been used to treat different types of organic wastes especially in the developed world.However,organic wastes are still more often considered as a waste instead of a resource in the developing world,which contributes to environmental pollution arising from their disposal.This study has been conducted at Bugolobi Sewage Treatment Plant(BSTP),where two organic wastes,cow manure and brewery sludge were co-digested with primary sludge in different proportions.This study was done in lab-scale reactors at mesophilic temperature and sludge retention time of 20 d.The main objective was to evaluate the biodegradability of primary sludge generated at BSTP,Kampala,Uganda and enhance its ability of biogas production.When the brewery sludge was added to primary STP sludge at all proportions,the biogas production rate increased by a factor of 3.This was significantly(p<0.001)higher than observed gas yield(337±18)mL/(L·d))in the control treatment containing(only STP sludge).Co-digesting STP sludge with cow manure did not show different results compared to the control treatment.In conclusion,Bugolobi STP sludge is poorly anaerobically degradable with low biogas production but co-digestion with brewery sludge enhanced the biogas production rate,while co-digestion with cow manure was not beneficial.

Comparative study of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from acidified and anaerobically treated brewery wastewater using enriched mixed microbial culture

The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) from wastewaters using microbial mixed cultures(MMC) has been attracting increased interest because of PHA's biodegradability characteristics. Production of PHA by an MMC enriched with PHA-accumulating bacteria was compared using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewaters under various feeding strategies, namely pulse and batch feed addition. To obtain an enriched MMC, a sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with activated sludge fed with acetate and subjected to aerobic dynamic feeding. The enriched MMC was able to accumulate PHA up to 72.6% of cell dry weight(CDW) with pulse addition of acetate controlled by the dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration in the reactor. In a batch accumulation experiment with acetate,the PHA content achieved(28.5% CDW) was less than that of the pulse feeding strategy with the same amount of acetate(～2000 mg C/L). Using anaerobically treated and acidified brewery wastewater fed in pulses, the maximum PHA accumulated by the enriched MMC was similar for both wastewaters(45% CDW), in spite of the higher volatile fatty acid concentration in acidified brewery wastewater. The pulse feed addition controlled by the DO concentration was difficult to implement for wastewater as compared to acetate because the difference in DO concentration between substrate availability and depletion was low. For the batch addition of acidified wastewater, a slightly lower PHA content(39%CDW) was obtained. These results show that both brewery wastewaters can be utilized for PHA production with a similar maximum PHA storage capacity.

Electricity generation and brewery wastewater treatment from sequential anode-cathode microbial fuel cell

A sequential anode-cathode double-chamber microbial fuel cell （MFC）, in which the effluent of anode chamber was used as a continuous feed for an aerated cathode chamber, was constructed in this experiment to investigate the performance of brewery wastewater treatment in conjugation with electricity generation. Carbon fiber was used as anode and plain carbon felt with biofilm as cathode. When hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 14.7 h, a relatively high chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of 91.7%-95.7% was achieved under long-term stable operation. The MFC displayed an open circuit voltage of 0.434 V and a maximum power density of 830 mW/m^3 at an external resistance of 300 0. To estimate the electrochemical performance of the MFC, electrochemical measurements were carried out and showed that polarization resistance of anode was the major limiting factor in the MFC. Since a high COD removal efficiency was achieved, we conclude that the sequential anode-cathode MFC constructed with bio-cathode in this experiment could provide a new approach for brewery wastewater treatment.

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors(BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.

A pilot scale trickling filter with pebble gravel as media and its performance to remove chemical oxygen demand from synthetic brewery wastewater

Evaluating the performance of a biotrickling filter for the treatment of wastewaters produced by a company manufacturing beer was the aim of this study.A pilot scale trickling filter filled with gravel was used as the experimental biofilter.Pilot scale plant experiments were made to evaluate the performance of the trickling filter aerobic and anaerobic biofilm systems for removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and nutrients from synthetic brewery wastewater.Performance evaluation data of the trickling filter were generated under different experimental conditions.The trickling filter had an average efficiency of(86.81±6.95)% as the hydraulic loading rate increased from 4.0 to 6.4 m3/(m2·d).Various COD concentrations were used to adjust organic loading rates from 1.5 to 4.5 kg COD/(m3·d).An average COD removal efficiency of(85.10±6.40)% was achieved in all wastewater concentrations at a hydraulic loading of 6.4 m3/(m2·d).The results lead to a design organic load of 1.5 kg COD/(m3·d) to reach an effluent COD in the range of 50–120 mg/L.As can be concluded from the results of this study,organic substances in brewery wastewater can be handled in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner using the gravel-filled trickling filter.

Ecosystem services of coastal sand dunes saw from the aspect of Sake breweries in Chiba Prefecture, Japan: A comparison of coastal and inland areas

In this report, we reviewed the differences in the ecosystem services of coastal and inland areas surrounding 39 Sake breweries in Chiba Prefecture by investigating environmental variables (e.g., location, altitude, soil, and hardness of preparation water). The Sake breweries were located in three distinct environments: the coastal vicinity, the river plains region, and the plateau/ mountainous region. The hardness of the preparation water and the soil types in the coastal vicinity were compared with those of the river plains and the plateau/mountainous region. Strong hard and hard water sources were observed in 70% or more of the breweries in the coastal vicinity, and sand dune regosol, coarse particle brown lowland soil, and coarse particle grey soil were more prevalent along the coast than inland. Most of the Sake brewery wells in the coastal vicinity were approximately 5 - 10 munderground, and there were no great differences in the number of Sake breweries in each well depth class in the river plains and the plateau/mountains region. We analysed environmental factors (distance from the sea, soil type, water hardness and preparation water collection depth) using a principal component analysis. This analysis revealed the existence of three main environments: the coastal vicinity, the river plains and the plateau/mountainous region. We conclude that the decrease in altitude between the inland Sake breweries and those along the coast is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the hardness of preparation water (from soft water to strong hard or hard water) and shifts in soil composition from gley soil, grey lowland soil, brown forest soil, and andosol to sand dune regosol, coarse particle brown lowland soil, and coarse particle grey soil.

Several Characteristics of Granular Sludge Blanket and Granular Sludge in Interior Diversion-EGSB Reactor

The influence of up-flow velocity on the working state and characteristics of the granular sludge blanket in Interior Diversion Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket（ID-EGSB）reactor for treating brewery wastewater were studied in this paper.The results show that the proper up-flow velocity（Vup）should be 2.1-3.3 m/h with the COD concentration of 18215-18304 mg/L,while the sludge bed reactor is inflated with expansion rate of 43.7%.When the organic loading rate reaches to 18.22-18.30 kgCOD/(m3·d-1),COD removal rate remains stabilized above 85.3%and the reactor ran without plug

Treating Opaque Beer Wastewater Using a Novel Internal Circulation Membrane Bioreactor

An innovative internal circulation membrane bioreactor（ICMBR）treating traditional opaque beer brewery wastewater was introduced. Beer wastewater from Tianjin Huarun Brewhouse was taken as the influent. The removal efficiency of suspended solid, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were studied with the changeable hard real time design method, organic loading rate and nutrition elements. The average percentage reduction in chemical oxygen demand achieved 90%. The total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were also reduced by 90% and 95%, respectively. The results indicate that the outlet of ICMBR meets the requirements of the environment landscape recycling use.