A Fluorescent Probe based on a Carbazole Derivative for Detecting Brilliant Blue in Food

Here a fluorescent probe based on a carbazole derivative(CNS)was developed to increase the detection range and reduce the detection limit of brilliant blue.Characteristics of CNS are studied.Due to the quenching ability of colorants,CNS shows an excellent current response to brilliant blue(from 1 to 10μM)with a detection limit of 2.7×10^(-8)mol/L(3σ/k)in the conditions of a 1:1 volume ratio of water to tetrahydrofuran.And the stability and reproducibility of CNS in the detection of actual samples indicate great potential for application.

Effects of Temperature on Determination of Protein Concentration with Coomassie Brilliant Blue Method

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature on determination of protein concentration with Coomassie Brilliant Blue method,thus proving advice and guidance for accurate determination of protein concentration.[Method] With Coomassie Brilliant Blue method,the concentrations of different bovine serum albumin samples were determined under different temperatures and incubation time.[Result] According to the standard curve,when the determination range of protein concentration was 0-100 mg/ml,the determined protein concentration was relatively stable after incubation at 20 ℃ for 20-30 min.Furthermore,the determination result of higher protein concentration with Coomassie Brilliant Blue method was less affected by various factors.[Conclusion] In determination of protein concentration with Coomassie Brilliant Blue method,temperature,sample concentration and incubation time were important factors affecting the accuracy of experimental results.

Brilliant复合树脂材料在牙齿充填修复中的应用

充填术是牙体修复学的重要内容，目前，最常用的充填材料是银汞合金和树脂材料。尤其是银汞合金，几乎占充填体的７５％～８０％［１］。但银汞合金存在色泽差、汞害、微泄漏、继发龋等方面的缺陷［２～４］；复合树脂存在微泄漏和耐磨性差等方面的不足［５～７］。而Ｂｒ...

Application of PDE3 and Brilliant Cresyl Blue in In-vitro Culture of Sheep Oocyte

[Objective] The aim of this study was to increase the viability of sheep oocytes in vitro by using phosphodiesterase type 3（PDE 3） inhibitor milrinone combined with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB） staining.[Method] The differences between BCB tested and morphologically selected oocytes,as well as the effect of them on embryo development were compared;and then suitable inhibitive time of milrinone to sheep oocytes in vitro was studied and used in BCB-oocytes for in vitro embryo production（IVEP）.[Result] The BCB＋ oocytes percentage in A-and B-level sheep oocytes was 64.42%,which was extremely significantly higher than that in C-level（17.0%）.The maturing rate,cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of BCB＋ oocytes（86.16%,85.29% and 34.40%） of was significantly higher than those of BCB-oocytes（50.94%,36.19% and 6.73%）.The best time for PDE 3 inhibitor delaying the sheep oocyte mature in vitro was 6 h.In addition,the rate of embryo development in vitro could be significantly increased by inhibiting the BCB-oocytes for 6 h with Milrinone.[Conclusion] The study will provide reference for improving the efficiency of sheep oocytes culture in vitro.

Brilliant复合树脂比色板颜色分布情况的研究

目的 研究Ｂｒｉｌｌｉａｎｔ复合树脂比色板颜色分布情况。方法 选用ＣＩＥ１９７８Ｌａｂ颜色系统，按照ＪＩＳＺ８７２２标准，采用数码相机和计算机技术，在标准光源下采集、测试、分析测定Ｂｒｉｌｌｉａｎｔ复合树脂比色板各区域的色度值。结果，同一色片的Ｌ值从牙颈部到切端呈递减的趋势，彩度值颈部和体部无明显差异，但与切端之间有显著的差异。结论Ｂｒｉｌｌｉａｎｔ复合树脂比色反的颜色分布有规律性。

Selection of oocytes for in vitro maturation by brilliant cresyl blue staining： a study using the mouse model

Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.

Decolourization of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by immobilized cells of Aspergillus ficuum

Aspergillus ficuum was immobilized with sodium alginate, and decolourization of Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R was studied on immobilized and free Aspergillus ficuum. The optimal preparation condition of the strain immobilization was obtained by the orthogonal test, it is sodium alginate 3%, CaCl_2 5%, wet mycelia 30 g/L, calcific time 8 h. It was found that the immobilized cells could effectively decolourize Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, the optimum temperature and pH were 33℃ and 5.0, respectively. The kinetics study of decolourization of immobilized cells showed that the decolourization of Aspergillus ficuum immobilized conformed to zero-order reaction model. The decolourization efficiency of immobilized cell compared with that of free cell in different physical conditions. Results showed that the decolourization of immobilized cells with mycelia had the best efficiency. The immobilized cells could be reused after the first decolourization.

Electrochemical oxidation of reactive brilliant orange X-GN dye on boron-doped diamond anode

In this study,the electrochemical oxidation of reactive brilliant orange X-GN dye with a boron-doped diamond(BDD)anode was investigated.The BDD electrodes were deposited on the niobium(Nb)substrates by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition method.The effects of processing parameters,such as film thickness,current density,supporting electrolyte concentration,initial solution pH,solution temperature,and initial dye concentration,were evaluated following the variation in the degradation efficiency.The microstructure and the electrochemical property of BDD were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and electrochemical workstation;and the degradation of X-GN was estimated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.Further,the results indicated that the film thickness of BDD had a significant impact on the electrolysis of X-GN.After 3 h of treatment,100%color and 63.2%total organic carbon removal was achieved under optimized experimental conditions:current density of 100 mA/cm2,supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.05 mol/L,initial solution pH 3.08,and solution temperature of 60°C.

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Almost all the studies both domestic and international using white rot fungus for dye wastewater treatment are performed under sterile conditions. However, it is obviously unpractical that wastewater with dyes is treated under sterile conditions. A feasible study was made for using white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade reactive brilliant red K-2BP dye under non-sterile conditions. The results showed that there was no decolorizing effect under non-sterile condition if white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile condition, and the decolorization was always near to 0% during decolorizing test for 3 d; in the meantime, a lot of yeast funguses were found in liquid medium when white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile conditions; however, if white rot fungus was incubated under sterile condition firstly, its decolorization was above 90% under non-sterile condition, which was similar to that of sterile condition. So we point out that the treating process for wastewater with dyes should be divided into two stages. The first stage is that white rot fungus should be incubated under sterile conditions, and the second stage is that reactive brilliant red K-2BP is decolorized under non-sterile conditions. The method not only save the operation cost which decolorizing reactive brilliant red K-2BP under sterile condition, but also provide the feasibility for using white rot fungus to degrade wastewater with dyes under non-sterile conditions.

Effective removal of brilliant green from aqueous solution with magnetic Fe_3O_4@SDBS@LDHs composites

The magnetic composite-materials(Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs)were prepared by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)modified layered double hydroxides(SDBS@LDHs)with Fe3O4via co-precipitation method.The results of XRD,FT-IR and SEM/EDS indicated that the dispersibility of LDHs was improved,and the modification of SDBS took place on the surface of LDHs.The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs to brilliant green(BG)reaches329.1mg/g after the adsorption equilibrium.The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous,and the rate of a reaction increased with the raise of the reaction temperature.The Langmuir model was applicable for describing the sorption isotherms,indicating that the adsorption process is a monolayer adsorption.The results of kinetics study showed that adsorption fitted the pseudo-second order model well.The adsorbents still have good adsorption performance after four adsorption cycles.Moreover,the magnetic composite could be easily separated from aqueous solution.This indicated that Fe3O4@SDBS@LDHs can be considered as potential adsorbents in environmental applications for the removal of BG from aqueous solutions.

2DGE-coomassie brilliant blue staining used to differentiate pasteurized milk from reconstituted milk

Differentiating pasteurized milk and reconsti-tuted milk by scientific approach was necessary to defend consumer from economic fraud of wrong labeling. In this paper 2DGE (2 Dimen-sional Gel Electrophoresis)-coomassie brilliant blue staining method was employed and sig-nificant color intensity changing was observed among raw milk, pasteurized milk, UHT milk and reconstituted milk. For example, the intensity of 10 protein spots including casein and lac-toglobulin reduced more than two folds from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. However, DIGE (Differential Gel Electrophoresis) assay showed that the majority protein remained simi-lar level from pasteurized milk to reconstituted milk. Therefore the color fading of coomassie brilliant blue stained 2D gels may be due to other biochemical reaction, such as Maillard reaction, instead of protein degradation. Stability of 2DGE pattern was confirmed by running six gels of the same sample in parallel and software analysis showed that all proteins were at similar level. Two commercialized pasteurized milk samples and one reconstituted milk sample were tested by 2DGE-coomassie blue staining method and re-constituted milk could be easily identified.

Photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant Green dye using CdSe quantum dots hybridized with graphene oxide under sunlight irradiation

CdSe quantum dots(QDs)hybridized with graphene oxide(GO)are synthesized by a facile chemical precipitation method.The absorption of the CdSe/GO nanocomposite is increased with a significantblue shift with respect to CdSe QDs.The specific surface area of the CdSe/GO nanocomposite is10.4m2/g,which is higher than that of CdSe QDs(5m2/g).The PL intensity of the CdSe/GO nanocomposite is lower than that of the CdSe QDs owing to the inhibition of the recombination of electron‐hole pairs in the composite.In Raman analysis,the two bands of the CdSe/GO nanocomposite are shifted to higher wavenumbers with respect to graphene oxide,which is attributed to electron injection that is induced by CdSe QDs into graphene oxide.Using the Brilliant Green dye,the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of CdSe QDs and the CdSe/GO nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation for90min are approximately81.9%and95.5%,respectively.The calculated photodegradation rate constants for CdSe QDs and the CdSe/GO nanocomposite are0.0190min–1and0.0345min–1,respectively.The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the CdSe/GO nanocomposite can be attributed to the high specific surface area and the reduction of electron‐hole pair recombination because of the introduction of graphene oxide.

Brilliant blue G attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial activation and inflammation

Previous studies have confirmed that oxidized adenosine triphosphate, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated microglial activation and inflammatory expression following neuronal damage in rat brain. NaCI and temperature may affect the potency of oxidized adenosine triphosphate. Brilliant blue G is a derivative of a widely used food additive and has little toxicity. This study explored the effects of brilliant blue G, a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, on microglial activation and inflammation. Results demonstrated that brilliant blue G inhibited the release of cydooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 in BV2 cells. Immunofluorescence displayed that brilliant blue G could suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation. This study used RNA interference to block P2X7 receptor expression and found that small interfering RNA also suppressed the release of cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 in BV2 cells. These results suggested that downregulation of the P2X7 receptor by brilliant blue G was involved in the inhibition of microglial activation and inflammation.

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B （RBR X-3B） dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme ofPhanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor （MBR） was also investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility （Rf） value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.

Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB

The indirect electrochemical reduction of Indanthrene Brilliant Green FFB （IBG） was investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and electrolytic experiments.Triethanolamine （TEA） was used as ligand to form elec-trochemically active Fe（III）-complexes in alkaline solution.The effects of operating parameters including reaction temperature,current density,concentration of NaOH and Fe（III）-TEA mediator had been studied by orthogonal ex-periments and the mechanism of radicals on electrochemical reduction was discussed.The cyclic voltammetry ex-perimental results show that Fe（III）-TEA complexes are well suited for the indirect electrochemical reduction of IBG.The electrolytic experiments show that high current efficiency （49.9%） can be successfully achieved under op-timized conditions and the current density is found to be the main influence factor.

Voltammetric Determination of Heparin Based on Its Interaction with Brilliant Cresyl Blue

Heparin is a polysaccharide of glycosaminoglycan class, which consists of repeating disaccharide units of iduronic/glucuronic acid and glucosamine residues with many biological functions. Many methods have been proposed for the detection of heparin, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the light scattering technique, HPLC and electro phoresis and flow injection analysis, etc.. But there are few reports about the detection of heparin by means of an electrochemical method. Electroanalytical methods are useful tools in bioanalytical chemistry because of their advantages, such as their instrumental simplicity, moderate cost and portability. The binding reactions of organic molecules with biomolecules such as DNA and proteins have been widely studied. In acidic solution, heparin is highly negatively charged due to the dissociation of the sulfate and carboxyl groups in its molecule, which can easily interact with cationic dyes. Based on this principle, in this work, a new electrochemical method for the determination of heparin was developed based on the interaction of heparin with brilliant cresyl blue（BCB）.

Lei Zu and Can Cong Weaved the Splendid Brocade and the Belt and Road Is Writing a Brilliant Chapter——The Chengdu Consensus of the Academic Seminar on the Land of Abundance and the Silk Road

'Dawn sees saturated reds;the town’s heavy with blooms.'We,more than 90 experts and scholars from home and abroad,attended The Academic Seminar on the Land of Abundance and the Silk Road held by the Association of Chinese Historians,the Guangming Daily Press,the Society for Chinese Archaeology,the Chinese Society on Ancient Capitals,the School of Archaeology and Museology of Peking University,and Sichuan Academy of

The pH Effect on Resonance Raman Spectra of Brilliant Yellow in Aqueous and CTAB Micella Solutions

Recently, we have developed an application of molecular spectrometric method to the exploration of the interracial properties of black soap films, using an azobenzene dye as a probe. In order to further study the problems of surface potential and microenvfronment, an effort should be made to clarify the pH controlled behavior of the structural change of azobenzene compounds in aqueous solution and on the surface of surfactant mlcella. Here, we examine the resonance Raman spectra of brilliant yellow(BY), an azobenzene derivative, in aqueous and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) micella

The Electrochemical Polymerizationof Brilliant Cresyl Blue and ItsElectrocatalytic Oxidatiomn for NADH

ＴｈｅＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＰｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｒｉｌｌｉａｎｔＣｒｅｓｙｌＢｌｕｅａｎｄＩｔｓＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＯｘｉｄａｔｉｏｍｎｆｏｒＮＡＤＨＷＡＮＧＹｕｎ，ＺＨＯＵＤｏｎｇ－ｍｅｉ，ＣＨＥＮＨｏｎｇ－ｙｕａ...

Characteristics of gas-liquid diaphragm discharge and its application on decolorization of brilliant red B in aqueous solution

A simple gas-liquid diaphragm discharge reactor was designed and characteristics of the discharge and its application on decolorization of brilliant red B in an aqueous solution were investigated. The results showed that strong oxidizing agents such as ·OH and ·O radicals were generated. Average electron temperature of the discharge was 0.72 eV, 1.15 eV and 0.83 eV with air, oxygen and argon as the discharge gas, respectively. Solution p H and conductivity changed little when oxygen or argon was used as the discharge gas; however, these two parameters changed significantly when the discharge was performed in air. During the discharge treatment,the characteristic absorption peaks of brilliant red B gradually decreased where the decolorization followed the first-order kinetics. With 10 min of discharge, the decolorization of brilliant red B（30 mg L^-1） can reach 96%, 81% and 62% in the cases of oxygen, argon and air,respectively. The analysis of by-products showed that the brilliant red B molecule can be effectively destroyed in this discharge mode.