In this editorial,we offer a summary of the risk associated with hepatitis B reactivation(HBVr)in the setting of both solid and hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors,with insights...In this editorial,we offer a summary of the risk associated with hepatitis B reactivation(HBVr)in the setting of both solid and hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors,with insights derived from current studies.Furthermore,we emphasize the critical need for a framework regarding robust risk evaluation in patients undergoing such treatments.This framework is essential for identifying those at increased risk of HBVr,enabling healthcare providers to implement proactive measures to prevent reactivation and ensure the safe administration of BTK inhibitor therapy.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al.This manuscript explores the potential synergistic effects of combining zanubrutinib,a novel oral inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase,with high-dose methotr...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al.This manuscript explores the potential synergistic effects of combining zanubrutinib,a novel oral inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase,with high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)as a therapeutic intervention for primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).The study involves a retrospective analysis of 19 PCNSL patients,highlighting clinicopathological characteristics,treatment outcomes,and genomic biomarkers.The results indicate the combination’s good tolerance and strong antitumor activity,with an 84.2%overall response rate.The authors emphasize the potential of zanubrutinib to modulate key genomic features of PCNSL,particularly mutations in myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and cluster of differentiation 79B.Furthermore,the study investigates the role of circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for disease surveillance and treatment response monitoring.In essence,the study provides valuable insights into the potential of combining zanubrutinib with HD-MTX as a frontline therapeutic regimen for PCNSL.The findings underscore the importance of exploring alternative treatment modalities and monitoring genomic and liquid biopsy markers to optimize patient outcomes.While the findings suggest promise,the study’s limitations should be considered,and further research is needed to establish the clinical relevance of this therapeutic approach for PCNSL.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL),accounting for 30%-40%of adult NHLs.This report aims to explore the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with ...BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL),accounting for 30%-40%of adult NHLs.This report aims to explore the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)in the treatment of elderly patients with DLBCL.CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of two elderly patients with DLBCL who received rituximab combined with BTKi in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the literature was reviewed.The patients were treated with chemotherapy using the R-miniCHOP regimen for two courses.Then,they received rituximab in combination with BTKi.CONCLUSION The treatment experience in these cases demonstrates the potential efficacy of rituximab combined with BTKi to treat elderly DLBCL patients,thus providing a new treatment strategy.展开更多
BACKGROUND X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by gene mutations of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK).We found a new mutation point and summarized the correlation analysis and perform...BACKGROUND X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by gene mutations of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK).We found a new mutation point and summarized the correlation analysis and performed a literature review.CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 5-year-old boy.He was admitted to our hospital due to a recurrent cough and a fever that had persisted for a month.He had a history of multiple respiratory infections and sinusitis.There was no immunodeficiency or recurrent infection history among his family members.Agammaglobulinemia was characterized as follows:Immunoglobulin(Ig)A,90.0 mg/dL(90-450 mg/dL);IgG,20.0 mg/dL(800-1800 mg/dL);and IgM,18.0 mg/dL(60-280 mg/dL).Notably,the assessment of IgG subtypes revealed the following very low levels:Subtype 1,0.26 g/L(3.62-12.28 g/L);subtype 2,0.10 g/L(0.57-2.9 g/L);subtype 3,0.009 g/L(0.129-0.789 g/L);and subtype 4,0.003 g/L(0.013-1.446 g/L).Cellular immunological test results were as follows:CD3,74.6%(50%-84.0%);CD4,47.3%(27.0%-51.0%);and CD8,24.9%(15.0%-44.0%).A de novo hemizygous deletion in BTK was detected:c.902_c.904delAAG/p.E301del.Transcript levels of the mutant BTK were similar to those of the wild-type gene,though overexpression resulted in markedly reduced levels of mutant BTK(9.49%±1.58%),relative to the wildtype BTK(75.8%±2.98%,P<0.01).CONCLUSION This case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia was attributed to a de novo hemizygous deletion mutation in BTK(c.902_c.904delAAG/p.E301del).The mutation resulted in markedly reduced BTK protein stability in vitro.展开更多
Ibrutinib,a targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies,has shown remarkable efficacy in treating various hematologic cancers.However,its clinical use has raised concerns regarding cardiovascular complications,notably at...Ibrutinib,a targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies,has shown remarkable efficacy in treating various hematologic cancers.However,its clinical use has raised concerns regarding cardiovascular complications,notably atrial fibrillation(AF).This comprehensive review critically evaluates the association between ibrutinib and AF by examining incidence,risk factors,mechanistic links,and management strategies.Through an extensive analysis of original research articles,this review elucidates the complex interplay between ibrutinib’s therapeutic benefits and cardiovascular risks.Moreover,it highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches,vigilant monitoring,and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient outcomes and safety in the context of ibrutinib therapy.The review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals aiming to navigate the intricacies of ibrutinib’s therapeutic landscape while prioritizing patient well-being.展开更多
In this editorial,we discussed the apparent discrepancy between the findings described by Colapietro et al,in their case report and data found in the literature.Colapietro et al reported a case of hepatitis B virus(HB...In this editorial,we discussed the apparent discrepancy between the findings described by Colapietro et al,in their case report and data found in the literature.Colapietro et al reported a case of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatic decompensation in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and a previously resolved HBV infection who was receiving Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitor therapy.First of all,we recapitulated the main aspects of the immune system involved in the response to HBV infection in order to underline the role of the innate and adaptive response,focusing our attention on the protective role of anti-HBs.We then carefully analyzed literature data on the risk of HBV reactivation(HBVr)in patients with previous HBV infection who were treated with either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or BTK inhibitors for their hematologic malignancies.Based on literature data,we suggested that several factors may contribute to the different risks of HBVr:The type of hematologic malignancy;the type of therapy(BTK inhibitors,especially second-generation,seem to be at a higher risk of HBVr than those with tyrosine kinase inhibitors);previous exposure to an anti-CD20 as first-line therapy;and ethnicity and HBV genotype.Therefore,the warning regarding HBVr in the specific setting of patients with hematologic malignancies requires further investigation.展开更多
Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects...Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancement of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheimer’s disease.Despite the promising effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established animal models using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors due to many un-explored downstream signaling pathways.This caused controversy about the potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical trial.In this review,the mystery beyond the under-investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor in Alzheimer’s disease will be discussed.Furthermore,their molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration will be explained.Also,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological manifestations mediated by epidermal growth factor modulation.Finally,we will discuss future perspectives and under-examined epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways that warrant more exploration.We conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attempts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheimer’s disease progression.展开更多
Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal,but is preventable.HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy,especially rituximab-containing...Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal,but is preventable.HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy,especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation.Patients with inactive and even resolved HBV infection still have persistence of HBV genomes in the liver.The expression of these silent genomes is controlled by the immune system.Suppression or ablation of immune cells,most importantly B cells,may lead to reactivation of seemingly resolved HBV infection.Thus,all patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.Patients found to be positive for HBsAg should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy.For patients with resolved HBV infection,there are two approaches.The first is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring,and treatment with antiviral therapy as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable.The second approach is prophy-lactic antiviral therapy,particularly for patients receiving high-risk therapy,especially anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Entecavir and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral choices.Many new effective therapies for hematological malignancies have been introduced in the past decade,for example,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy,novel monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibody drug conjugates,and small molecule inhibitors,which may be associated with HBV reactivation.Although there is limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures,we recommend antivi-ral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive patients receiving novel treatments,including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors,B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors,and CAR-T cell therapy.Further studies are needed to determine the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the best prophylactic strategy.展开更多
目的:研究原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)MRI图像参数与分子病理的关联性。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年6月就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院26例PCNSL患者资料,根据细胞来源、BCL-2...目的:研究原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)MRI图像参数与分子病理的关联性。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年6月就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院26例PCNSL患者资料,根据细胞来源、BCL-2表达、Ki-67指数,MAP+布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor,BTKi)治疗反应性将患者归纳至非生发中心B细胞(non-germinal center B-cell,non-GCB)组和生发中心B细胞(germinal center B-cell,GCB)组、Ki-67≥75%组和Ki-67<75%组、BCL-2+组和BCL-2-组、对MAP+BTKi方案治疗有反应组和无反应组。提取患者基线期MRI图像一阶参数如平均值、标准差、方差、变异系数、偏度、峰度、熵,比较其在两组间的差异。结果:方差、峰度、偏度、变异系数等4个参数在组间差异无统计学意义;平均数、标准差、熵这3个参数在Ki-67表达、BCL-2表达组间的差异具有统计学意义;平均数、熵这两个参数在细胞来源、治疗是否有反应性两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对于Ki-67指数,3个参数的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.731、0.831、0.913;对于BCL-2表达,平均数、标准差的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.889和0.938。多参数联合分析时其鉴识效果较利用单个纹理分析定量参数更高。结论:平均值、标准差、熵等3个MRI参数有助于预测PCNSL患者Ki-67、BCL-2的表达,对于治疗具有一定评估作用,有利于术前无创性评估肿瘤的恶性程度并为预后和治疗提供新的依据。展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we offer a summary of the risk associated with hepatitis B reactivation(HBVr)in the setting of both solid and hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitors,with insights derived from current studies.Furthermore,we emphasize the critical need for a framework regarding robust risk evaluation in patients undergoing such treatments.This framework is essential for identifying those at increased risk of HBVr,enabling healthcare providers to implement proactive measures to prevent reactivation and ensure the safe administration of BTK inhibitor therapy.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Wang et al.This manuscript explores the potential synergistic effects of combining zanubrutinib,a novel oral inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase,with high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)as a therapeutic intervention for primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL).The study involves a retrospective analysis of 19 PCNSL patients,highlighting clinicopathological characteristics,treatment outcomes,and genomic biomarkers.The results indicate the combination’s good tolerance and strong antitumor activity,with an 84.2%overall response rate.The authors emphasize the potential of zanubrutinib to modulate key genomic features of PCNSL,particularly mutations in myeloid differentiation primary response 88 and cluster of differentiation 79B.Furthermore,the study investigates the role of circulating tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for disease surveillance and treatment response monitoring.In essence,the study provides valuable insights into the potential of combining zanubrutinib with HD-MTX as a frontline therapeutic regimen for PCNSL.The findings underscore the importance of exploring alternative treatment modalities and monitoring genomic and liquid biopsy markers to optimize patient outcomes.While the findings suggest promise,the study’s limitations should be considered,and further research is needed to establish the clinical relevance of this therapeutic approach for PCNSL.
文摘BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL),accounting for 30%-40%of adult NHLs.This report aims to explore the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)in the treatment of elderly patients with DLBCL.CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of two elderly patients with DLBCL who received rituximab combined with BTKi in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the literature was reviewed.The patients were treated with chemotherapy using the R-miniCHOP regimen for two courses.Then,they received rituximab in combination with BTKi.CONCLUSION The treatment experience in these cases demonstrates the potential efficacy of rituximab combined with BTKi to treat elderly DLBCL patients,thus providing a new treatment strategy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 11571309the Zhejiang Health Bureau Fund,No. 2016ZHA004。
文摘BACKGROUND X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by gene mutations of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK).We found a new mutation point and summarized the correlation analysis and performed a literature review.CASE SUMMARY The proband was a 5-year-old boy.He was admitted to our hospital due to a recurrent cough and a fever that had persisted for a month.He had a history of multiple respiratory infections and sinusitis.There was no immunodeficiency or recurrent infection history among his family members.Agammaglobulinemia was characterized as follows:Immunoglobulin(Ig)A,90.0 mg/dL(90-450 mg/dL);IgG,20.0 mg/dL(800-1800 mg/dL);and IgM,18.0 mg/dL(60-280 mg/dL).Notably,the assessment of IgG subtypes revealed the following very low levels:Subtype 1,0.26 g/L(3.62-12.28 g/L);subtype 2,0.10 g/L(0.57-2.9 g/L);subtype 3,0.009 g/L(0.129-0.789 g/L);and subtype 4,0.003 g/L(0.013-1.446 g/L).Cellular immunological test results were as follows:CD3,74.6%(50%-84.0%);CD4,47.3%(27.0%-51.0%);and CD8,24.9%(15.0%-44.0%).A de novo hemizygous deletion in BTK was detected:c.902_c.904delAAG/p.E301del.Transcript levels of the mutant BTK were similar to those of the wild-type gene,though overexpression resulted in markedly reduced levels of mutant BTK(9.49%±1.58%),relative to the wildtype BTK(75.8%±2.98%,P<0.01).CONCLUSION This case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia was attributed to a de novo hemizygous deletion mutation in BTK(c.902_c.904delAAG/p.E301del).The mutation resulted in markedly reduced BTK protein stability in vitro.
文摘Ibrutinib,a targeted therapy for B-cell malignancies,has shown remarkable efficacy in treating various hematologic cancers.However,its clinical use has raised concerns regarding cardiovascular complications,notably atrial fibrillation(AF).This comprehensive review critically evaluates the association between ibrutinib and AF by examining incidence,risk factors,mechanistic links,and management strategies.Through an extensive analysis of original research articles,this review elucidates the complex interplay between ibrutinib’s therapeutic benefits and cardiovascular risks.Moreover,it highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches,vigilant monitoring,and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient outcomes and safety in the context of ibrutinib therapy.The review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals aiming to navigate the intricacies of ibrutinib’s therapeutic landscape while prioritizing patient well-being.
文摘In this editorial,we discussed the apparent discrepancy between the findings described by Colapietro et al,in their case report and data found in the literature.Colapietro et al reported a case of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatic decompensation in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and a previously resolved HBV infection who was receiving Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitor therapy.First of all,we recapitulated the main aspects of the immune system involved in the response to HBV infection in order to underline the role of the innate and adaptive response,focusing our attention on the protective role of anti-HBs.We then carefully analyzed literature data on the risk of HBV reactivation(HBVr)in patients with previous HBV infection who were treated with either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or BTK inhibitors for their hematologic malignancies.Based on literature data,we suggested that several factors may contribute to the different risks of HBVr:The type of hematologic malignancy;the type of therapy(BTK inhibitors,especially second-generation,seem to be at a higher risk of HBVr than those with tyrosine kinase inhibitors);previous exposure to an anti-CD20 as first-line therapy;and ethnicity and HBV genotype.Therefore,the warning regarding HBVr in the specific setting of patients with hematologic malignancies requires further investigation.
文摘Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancement of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheimer’s disease.Despite the promising effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established animal models using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors due to many un-explored downstream signaling pathways.This caused controversy about the potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical trial.In this review,the mystery beyond the under-investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor in Alzheimer’s disease will be discussed.Furthermore,their molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration will be explained.Also,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological manifestations mediated by epidermal growth factor modulation.Finally,we will discuss future perspectives and under-examined epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways that warrant more exploration.We conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attempts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheimer’s disease progression.
文摘Hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation can be serious and potentially fatal,but is preventable.HBV reactivation is most commonly reported in patients receiving chemotherapy,especially rituximab-containing therapy for hematological malignancies and those receiving stem cell transplantation.Patients with inactive and even resolved HBV infection still have persistence of HBV genomes in the liver.The expression of these silent genomes is controlled by the immune system.Suppression or ablation of immune cells,most importantly B cells,may lead to reactivation of seemingly resolved HBV infection.Thus,all patients with hematological malignancies receiving anticancer therapy should be screened for active or resolved HBV infection by blood tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.Patients found to be positive for HBsAg should be given prophylactic antiviral therapy.For patients with resolved HBV infection,there are two approaches.The first is pre-emptive therapy guided by serial HBV DNA monitoring,and treatment with antiviral therapy as soon as HBV DNA becomes detectable.The second approach is prophy-lactic antiviral therapy,particularly for patients receiving high-risk therapy,especially anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Entecavir and tenofovir are the preferred antiviral choices.Many new effective therapies for hematological malignancies have been introduced in the past decade,for example,chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell therapy,novel monoclonal antibodies,bispecific antibody drug conjugates,and small molecule inhibitors,which may be associated with HBV reactivation.Although there is limited evidence to guide the optimal preventive measures,we recommend antivi-ral prophylaxis in HBsAg-positive patients receiving novel treatments,including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors,B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitors,and CAR-T cell therapy.Further studies are needed to determine the risk of HBV reactivation with these agents and the best prophylactic strategy.
文摘目的:研究原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphoma,PCNSL)MRI图像参数与分子病理的关联性。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年6月就诊于哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院26例PCNSL患者资料,根据细胞来源、BCL-2表达、Ki-67指数,MAP+布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor,BTKi)治疗反应性将患者归纳至非生发中心B细胞(non-germinal center B-cell,non-GCB)组和生发中心B细胞(germinal center B-cell,GCB)组、Ki-67≥75%组和Ki-67<75%组、BCL-2+组和BCL-2-组、对MAP+BTKi方案治疗有反应组和无反应组。提取患者基线期MRI图像一阶参数如平均值、标准差、方差、变异系数、偏度、峰度、熵,比较其在两组间的差异。结果:方差、峰度、偏度、变异系数等4个参数在组间差异无统计学意义;平均数、标准差、熵这3个参数在Ki-67表达、BCL-2表达组间的差异具有统计学意义;平均数、熵这两个参数在细胞来源、治疗是否有反应性两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对于Ki-67指数,3个参数的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.731、0.831、0.913;对于BCL-2表达,平均数、标准差的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.889和0.938。多参数联合分析时其鉴识效果较利用单个纹理分析定量参数更高。结论:平均值、标准差、熵等3个MRI参数有助于预测PCNSL患者Ki-67、BCL-2的表达,对于治疗具有一定评估作用,有利于术前无创性评估肿瘤的恶性程度并为预后和治疗提供新的依据。
