Practice Exploration of Green Building Design in Prefabricated Residential Building Design

Prefabricated residential building design fully embodies the concept of green building and aligns with China’s strategic plan for sustainable development.However,there is a need to further optimize green building design methods,enhance the design quality of prefabricated residential buildings,and improve energy and resource utilization.Compared to traditional construction methods,prefabricated residential building design still faces several challenges during the actual construction process.These challenges include difficulties in design,material selection and processing,and the high demands for construction coordination.To strengthen the application of green building concepts in prefabricated residential design and effectively promote the sustainable development of the construction industry,this paper discusses practical measures for implementing green building design in prefabricated residential projects for reference.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

Application of Green Building Design in Residential Buildings

In recent years,with the rapid development of the world economy,the environment and resources have been seriously damaged,and the global climate is changing quietly.People began to pay more and more attention to the protection of environment and resources.In the process of building residential buildings,the construction industry also needs to strengthen the application of green building design,so as to achieve the purpose of green environmental protection.The author makes an in-depth research and analysis on the characteristics of green building design,and puts forward the effective strategies for the application of green building design in residential buildings,hoping to help improve the green environmental protection of residential buildings.

CBE Clima Tool:A free and open-source web application for climate analysis tailored to sustainable building design

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort,energy efficiency,and environmental sustainability.However,many social,cultural,and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings.One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access,visualize and analyze local climate data.The CBE Clima Tool(Clima)is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design.It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices.It is aimed at students,educators,and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields.Since its inception,Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth,attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries.Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design,transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

Exploration of Energy-Saving Technologies in Building Electrical System Design

Green energy conservation is the mainstream trend in the current development of the construction industry.The application of energy-saving technology in building electrical system design can effectively reduce energy consumption,avoid unnecessary energy consumption,and truly achieve energy conservation and environmental protection.Based on this,the article elaborates on the principles of energy-saving design in building electrical systems,and actively explores the application of energy-saving technologies from different perspectives such as optimizing power supply and distribution system design,adopting high-efficiency energy-saving lighting equipment,applying renewable energy,promoting smart home technology,and improving the efficiency of building electrical equipment.

COMPLEXITY OF VALUE CREATION IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN(SBD)

Value creation is a significant part of the sustainable building process.To understand the process of value creation,this paper identifies a number of important issues.First,the paper addresses the existence of and identifies reasons for com-plexity in the process of value creation over a whole lifecycle(WLC).Then,a conceptual framework model is developed and adapted to the WLC in order to monitor building process stages and intervals.Next,the concepts and strategies lead-ing to WLC value maximization are addressed.Finally,a conceptual WLC value creation model is proposed that is based on sustainable building process stages and building asset stakeholders’benefits.The paper indicates how value cre-ated is an accumulation of values acquired through various operations over the building WLC.

EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF A VIRTUAL DESIGN STUDIO ON ZERO-ENERGY BUILDING DESIGNS:THE CASE OF THE U.S.SOLAR DECATHLON DESIGN CHALLENGE

Ongoing global architectural agendas span climate change,energy,a carbon-neutral society,human comfort,COVID-19,social justice,and sustainability.An architecture studio allows architecture students to learn how to solve complicated environmental issues through integrated thinking and a design process.The U.S.Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon Design Challenge enables them to broaden their analytic perspectives on numerous subjects and strengthen their integrated thinking of environmental impacts,resilience,sustainability,and well-being.However,the unprecedented impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic transformed the physical studio-based design education system into an online-based learning environment.Mandatory social distancing by the global COVID-19 pandemic restricted interactive discussions and face-to-face collaborations for the integrated zero-energy building design process,which requires features of architecture,engineering,market analysis,durability and resilience,embodied environmental quality,integrated performance,occupant experience,comfort and environmental quality,energy performance,and presentation.This study emphasizes the educational effectiveness of virtual design studios as a part of the discourse on architectural pedagogy of zero-energy building(ZEB)design through integrated designs,technological theories,and analytic skills.The survey results of ten contests show educational achievement with over 90%of the highest positive tendency in the categories of embodied environmental quality and comfort and environmental quality,whereas the positive tendency of educational achievement in the categories of integrated performance,energy performance,and presentation were lower than 70%.The reason for the low percentage of simulation utilization and integrated performance was the lack of a proper understanding of and experience with ZEB simulations and evaluations for undergraduate students.Although VDS is not an ideal pedagogical system for the iterative design critique process,it can support the learning of the value of architectural education,including integrative design thinking,problem-solving skills,numerical simulation techniques,and communicable identities through online discussions and feedback during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Integration Mechanism of Ideological and Political Education with Specialized Knowledge in the Course of Green Building Design

This paper aims to explore the integration of ideological and political education with specialized knowledge in the course of green building design.Through an analysis of the green building design course,combined with the current social development background and the need for ecological and environmental protection,the study investigates how to effectively integrate ideological and political education elements into course instruction to enhance the comprehensive quality and green design capabilities of architecture students.The paper analyzes the content and characteristics of the green building design course and proposes an integration mechanism for ideological and political education in green building design teaching,aiming to cultivate architecture talents with green design concepts and good ideological and political qualities.

Application of CFD plug-ins integrated into urban and building design platforms for performance simulations:A literature review

The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption throughout the building life cycle.Full consideration of the impact of urban geometries on the microclimate will help construct livable and healthy cities.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations significantly improve the efficiency of assessing the microclimate and the performance of design schemes.The integration of CFD into design platforms by plug-ins marks a landmark development for the interaction of computer-aided design(CAD)and CFD,allowing architects to perform CFD simulations in their familiar design environments.This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and comprehensive comparison of CFD plug-ins in Autodesk Revit,Rhinoceros/Grasshopper,and SketchUp.The applications of CFD plug-ins in urban and building design are reviewed according to three types:single-objective,multi-objective,and coupling simulations.Two primary roles of CFD plug-ins integrated into the design process,including providing various micro-scale numerical simulations and optimizing the original design via feedback results,are analyzed.The issues of mesh generation,boundary conditions,turbulence models,and simulation accuracy during CFD plug-in applications are discussed.Finally,the limitations and future possibilities of CFD plug-ins are proposed.

Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

“3 Degrees and 8 Combinations” Teaching Mode of Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to people’s property and personal safety.Improving the teaching of civil engineering and building structure anti-seismic design courses can enable students to do a good job in anti-seismic design in the future and effectively reduce the damage on buildings caused by earthquakes.In this paper,we analyzed the basic characteristics of a course in civil engineering major,which is Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures,and the shortcomings of traditional teaching.It is proposed that the 3-degrees and 8-combinations teaching mode of anti-seismic design of building structures can effectively improve students’autonomy and enthusiasm in learning,helps to cultivate professional ethics among students,and improve their ability to apply what they have learned.

Green Design Studio: A modular-based approach for high-performance building design

A modular-based Green Design Studio(GDS)platform has been developed in this study for fast and accurate performance analysis for early stage green building design.The GDS platform aims to simplify the design and analysis process by embedding performance parameters into design elements in modules and employing near-real-time model for whole building performance simulation as well as by providing an easy-to-use and intuitive user interface to assist users without extensive knowledge on building physics.The platform consists of building modules as fundamental building blocks,performance predicting models,and a user interface for visualization and interactive design.In the platform,a whole building is composed of modules organized in a hierarchical structure,including spaces,enclosures,service systems,sustainable resource systems and sites.Both physics-based and data-driven models can be used to simulate the building performance and optimize building systems.A simplified physics-based model,the Resistance–Capacitance(RC)model,has been proposed as a generic simulation model for the flows of heat,air,moisture and pollutants,which is significantly faster than conventional simulation tools such as EnergyPlus,and hence more practical for use in real-time design interaction and optimization.A pilot case study is conducted to illustrate the modular-based design approach using a section of an office building.Compared to conventional building performance analysis tools,the GDS platform can provide fast and reliable feedback on performance prediction for early design.The modular approach makes it easier to modify the building design and evaluate the potentials and contributions of various green design features and technologies.

Review of onsite temperature and solar forecasting models to enable better building design and operations

Advanced building controls and energy optimization for new constructions and retrofits rely on accurate weather data.Traditionally,most studies utilize airport weather information as the decision inputs.However,most buildings are in environments that are quite different than those at the airport miles away.Tree cover,adjacent buildings,and micro-climate effects caused by the larger surrounding area can all yield deviations in air temperature,humidity,solar irradiance,and wind that are large enough to influence design and operation decisions.In order to overcome this challenge,there are many prior studies on developing weather forecasting algorithms from micro-to meso-scales.This paper reviews and complies knowledge on common weather data resources,data processing methodologies and forecasting techniques of weather information.Commonly used statistical,machine learning and physical-based models are discussed and presented as two major categories:deterministic forecasting and probabilistic forecasting.Finally,evaluation metrics for forecasting errors are listed and discussed.

Exploration on Design of Waterfront Landscape and Building in Xianghu Lake Park of Nanchang City

Wa terfront park is an important composition of current urban ecological tourism in China,which sufficiently reveals the economic development situation of the city and the leisure culture life of the masses,and embodies rich regional cultural characteristics.Taking Xianghu Lake Park of Nanchang City as the example,design features of its water landscape and building are analyzed and explored.The design fol ows the principle of utilization function combining with artistry,pa ys attention to plane layout and spatial organization,and retains classical architectural style of the building.

Undergraduate Design and Analysis of a LEED Certified Building

In this technical and educational research endeavor, a diverse group of civil engineering students took on the role of creating the means and methods of producing a successful building design. Architectural, structural, and environmental designs were primarily performed. This was followed by detailed cost analysis with the intent of providing a realistic cost comparison by pricing the intended building, using traditional material and typical building methods, versus pricing the building using recycled material and new present-day technology. Some green features needed to achieve a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) gold certification were considered and applied. It is shown that producing a green building is more costly in present circumstances;however, the additional cost due to greenification pays itself off throughout the years giving in return saving features. Even though the design of a green building comes with detailed planning and costly material, it does generate benefits for the building owner, the society, and most importantly the environment.

Zero-Energy-Buildings in Different Climates： Design Strategies, Simulation and Prognosis METHOD for Energy Demand

The European Directive 2010/31 claims that by 2020 only （nearly-） ZEB （zero-energy-buildings） may be built. To reach this goal, it is pertinent for buildings to be energetically optimized first. The remaining energy demand must then be covered by on-site renewable energies （PV, geothermal, etc.）. With the area of use （energy demand） and the size of the building envelope/estate （renewable energy supply） in competition with each other, the maximum number of building stories will be most likely limited. For 15 different climatic locations worldwide, the energy demand of optimised office rooms has been simulated and compared with the possible renewable energy production on site. For every location, a good correlation has been found between the simulated energy demand and data like heating and cooling degree hours. Correspondent linear equations are given here. As another result, the maximum numbers of possible stories for ZEBS have been derived, being between 3 and 10 depending on the location.

Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings

Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.

Study on key techniques on ecological renovation design of existing buildings in China

With the rapid development of China economy and critical ecological situation in China,ecological renovation of existing buildings has become a special important topic. Key techniques on ecological renovation design of existing buildings in China are explored in this paper. Special attention is paid to specific treatments suitable for China.

Unfolding Evolution Strategically in Integrated Studios of Building and Design to Innovative Grasp of Design Creativity

In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.