酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略...酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略。随着分子微生物生态技术的进步,CARD-FISH与其他技术联用更能高效解析复杂生境中微生物的功能特性,如CARD-FISH与纳米二次离子质谱技术(nanometer secondary ion mass spectrometry,nanoSIMS)联用能在单细胞水平上同时表征微生物的代谢功能与系统发育特性。综述CARD-FISH的原理、步骤、发展及其联用技术,为CARD-FISH用于植物组织微生物的定位和功能分析提供依据和参考。展开更多
Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxy...Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.展开更多
My fourth-grade class was working on Father’s Day cards to accompany the gifts theyhad made.I suggested that the students might illustrate(为……插图)the cards with afavorite activity or something their father liked ...My fourth-grade class was working on Father’s Day cards to accompany the gifts theyhad made.I suggested that the students might illustrate(为……插图)the cards with afavorite activity or something their father liked a lot-golf or fishing,for example.Suddenly Gus raised his hand,“May I draw a picture of my mother?”he asked.“展开更多
Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. M...Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the Earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.展开更多
The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on bacterial number, activity, and community composition were studied through a microcosm experiment using sterilized soil inoculated with soil bacteria （soil suspension） a...The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on bacterial number, activity, and community composition were studied through a microcosm experiment using sterilized soil inoculated with soil bacteria （soil suspension） and with bacteria and three species of bacterial-feeding nematodes （ Cephalobus persegnis, Protorhabditis filiformis, and Caenorhabditis elegans）. Catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization, CO2 evolution, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of PCR ampli- fied 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to investigate bacterial numbers, antivity, and community composition, respectively. Our results showed that bacterial numbers and activity significantly increased in the presence of bacterial-feeding nematodes, which indicated that bacterial-feeding nematodes had a significant positive effect on soil bacteria. The different nematode species had different effects on bacterial numbers and activity. C. persegnis and P. filiformis, isolated from native soil, increased the bacterial number and activity more than C. elegans. The DGGE analysis results showed that dominant bacterial species significantly differed among the treatments, which suggested that bacterial-feeding nematode species modified the bacterial community composition in soil. Further gene sequence analysis results showed that the dominant bacterial species in this study were gram-negative bacteria. Given the completely same conditions except nematode species, the varied selective feeding behavior of different nematode species was the most likely reason for the altered bacterial community composition. Overall, the alteration of bacterial numbers, activity and community composition resulting from the bacterial-feeding nematodes may ult!mately affect soil ecological functioning and processes.展开更多
文摘酶联荧光原位杂交技术(Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization,CARD-FISH)是原位识别、追踪、可视化环境微生物的先进技术。它能在植物组织中精确定位目标微生物,帮助监测微生物的存在及其在根系的定植策略。随着分子微生物生态技术的进步,CARD-FISH与其他技术联用更能高效解析复杂生境中微生物的功能特性,如CARD-FISH与纳米二次离子质谱技术(nanometer secondary ion mass spectrometry,nanoSIMS)联用能在单细胞水平上同时表征微生物的代谢功能与系统发育特性。综述CARD-FISH的原理、步骤、发展及其联用技术,为CARD-FISH用于植物组织微生物的定位和功能分析提供依据和参考。
基金Project at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany)the funding from the China Scholarship Council+1 种基金Jutta Niggemann and Thorsten Dittmar (ICBM COU Oldenburg) who supported the preparation of the DOM free seawater strongly with material and technical supportthe crew of the AADE research vessel for providing samples as well as the entire team of the AWI Food Web Project
文摘Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.
文摘My fourth-grade class was working on Father’s Day cards to accompany the gifts theyhad made.I suggested that the students might illustrate(为……插图)the cards with afavorite activity or something their father liked a lot-golf or fishing,for example.Suddenly Gus raised his hand,“May I draw a picture of my mother?”he asked.“
文摘Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3 km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the Earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41271270 and 31200409)
文摘The effects of bacterial-feeding nematodes on bacterial number, activity, and community composition were studied through a microcosm experiment using sterilized soil inoculated with soil bacteria （soil suspension） and with bacteria and three species of bacterial-feeding nematodes （ Cephalobus persegnis, Protorhabditis filiformis, and Caenorhabditis elegans）. Catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization, CO2 evolution, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of PCR ampli- fied 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to investigate bacterial numbers, antivity, and community composition, respectively. Our results showed that bacterial numbers and activity significantly increased in the presence of bacterial-feeding nematodes, which indicated that bacterial-feeding nematodes had a significant positive effect on soil bacteria. The different nematode species had different effects on bacterial numbers and activity. C. persegnis and P. filiformis, isolated from native soil, increased the bacterial number and activity more than C. elegans. The DGGE analysis results showed that dominant bacterial species significantly differed among the treatments, which suggested that bacterial-feeding nematode species modified the bacterial community composition in soil. Further gene sequence analysis results showed that the dominant bacterial species in this study were gram-negative bacteria. Given the completely same conditions except nematode species, the varied selective feeding behavior of different nematode species was the most likely reason for the altered bacterial community composition. Overall, the alteration of bacterial numbers, activity and community composition resulting from the bacterial-feeding nematodes may ult!mately affect soil ecological functioning and processes.
