By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in...By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in CO2, crude oil displacement experiments in the slim-tube were conducted to investigate effects of the toluene- enhanced C02 flooding under simulated subterranean reservoir conditions. Experimental results showed that toluene can enhance extraction of oil into C02 and dissolution of C02 into oil with the increment of 251% and 64% respectively. Addition of toluene can obviously improve the oil recovery in either pre-slug injection or joint injection, and the crude oil recovery increased with the increase of the toluene concentration. The oil recov- ery can increase by 22.5% in pre-slug injection with the high toluene concentration. Pre-slug injection was recom- mended because it can consume less toluene than joint injection. This work could be useful to development and application of the CO） flooding in the oil recoverv as well as CO2 emission reduction.展开更多
The Bakken formation has become a prominent oil resource for south-east Saskatchewan, especially with the advent of horizontal well technology and new hydraulic fracturing methods. As more wells are drilled, there is ...The Bakken formation has become a prominent oil resource for south-east Saskatchewan, especially with the advent of horizontal well technology and new hydraulic fracturing methods. As more wells are drilled, there is a desire to determine whether there is potential for improved oil recovery and to evaluate the economic feasibility. This paper evaluates the benefit of implementing waterflooding, CO2 injection or WAG （water-alternating-gas） recovery methods for improved oil recovery of the Bakken formation. A simulation model resembling the study area was built using CMG-GEM （computer modeling group-generalized equation of state model） reservoir simulation package and a history match of the primary recovery data available was performed. Based on the simulation results, it was concluded that waterflooding had a significant influence on the oil recovery factor, although COz provided the highest increase in crude oil recovery, The capital expenditure for surface facilities and cost of injected fluid was the most economically viable for implementation of waterflooding. The WAG injection simulation results were similar to CO2 injection, except that reservoir pressure was able to be better maintained. Given that high-quality source water is available, waterflooding is the most economically feasible choice according to the simulation results obtained from this study.展开更多
CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding ...CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding enhance oil recovery） has been one of research hot-spot around the world. According to the statistical data of 2006, there are total of 94 global CO2-EOR projects, including 65 low permeability oilfield projects （79% of the total）. Daqing Oilfield is the largest one of China, after more than 50 years of continuous development, oilfield comprehensive water cut has reached over 90%, and the difficulty of oilfield development has been gradually increasing. In recent years, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs development have played a more and more important role accompany with low permeability reserves in proportion of the total reserves have been increasing year by year. But water-flooding recovery of low permeability reservoir is very low under the influence of reservoir poor properties and heterogeneity. As a kind of greenhouse gas, CO2 flooding can obtain good results for the low permeability reservoir in which the water flooding has proven ineffective. CO2 flooding Pilot Test was conducted under such background since Dec. 2002, over 10 years of practice has proved that CO2 flooding is an effective method to improve the development effect of low permeability reservoir, all experience during the mechanism study and field test should present important references for further larger-scale CO2 flooding projects.展开更多
The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the ...The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2012BAC24B03)
文摘By means of experiments of C02 miscibility with crude oil, four nonpolar chemicals were evaluated in order to enhance the miscibility of C02 with crude oil. Through pre-slug injection and joint injection of toluene in CO2, crude oil displacement experiments in the slim-tube were conducted to investigate effects of the toluene- enhanced C02 flooding under simulated subterranean reservoir conditions. Experimental results showed that toluene can enhance extraction of oil into C02 and dissolution of C02 into oil with the increment of 251% and 64% respectively. Addition of toluene can obviously improve the oil recovery in either pre-slug injection or joint injection, and the crude oil recovery increased with the increase of the toluene concentration. The oil recov- ery can increase by 22.5% in pre-slug injection with the high toluene concentration. Pre-slug injection was recom- mended because it can consume less toluene than joint injection. This work could be useful to development and application of the CO） flooding in the oil recoverv as well as CO2 emission reduction.
文摘The Bakken formation has become a prominent oil resource for south-east Saskatchewan, especially with the advent of horizontal well technology and new hydraulic fracturing methods. As more wells are drilled, there is a desire to determine whether there is potential for improved oil recovery and to evaluate the economic feasibility. This paper evaluates the benefit of implementing waterflooding, CO2 injection or WAG （water-alternating-gas） recovery methods for improved oil recovery of the Bakken formation. A simulation model resembling the study area was built using CMG-GEM （computer modeling group-generalized equation of state model） reservoir simulation package and a history match of the primary recovery data available was performed. Based on the simulation results, it was concluded that waterflooding had a significant influence on the oil recovery factor, although COz provided the highest increase in crude oil recovery, The capital expenditure for surface facilities and cost of injected fluid was the most economically viable for implementation of waterflooding. The WAG injection simulation results were similar to CO2 injection, except that reservoir pressure was able to be better maintained. Given that high-quality source water is available, waterflooding is the most economically feasible choice according to the simulation results obtained from this study.
文摘CO2 flooding is a process whereby carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir in order to increase output when extracting oil. Since 1952, Wharton obtained the patent concern CO2 flooding, CO2-EOR （CO2 flooding enhance oil recovery） has been one of research hot-spot around the world. According to the statistical data of 2006, there are total of 94 global CO2-EOR projects, including 65 low permeability oilfield projects （79% of the total）. Daqing Oilfield is the largest one of China, after more than 50 years of continuous development, oilfield comprehensive water cut has reached over 90%, and the difficulty of oilfield development has been gradually increasing. In recent years, low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs development have played a more and more important role accompany with low permeability reserves in proportion of the total reserves have been increasing year by year. But water-flooding recovery of low permeability reservoir is very low under the influence of reservoir poor properties and heterogeneity. As a kind of greenhouse gas, CO2 flooding can obtain good results for the low permeability reservoir in which the water flooding has proven ineffective. CO2 flooding Pilot Test was conducted under such background since Dec. 2002, over 10 years of practice has proved that CO2 flooding is an effective method to improve the development effect of low permeability reservoir, all experience during the mechanism study and field test should present important references for further larger-scale CO2 flooding projects.
文摘The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.
