术前CT检查和术中B超定位引导行经皮肾穿刺取石术

目的探讨术前CT检查在B超定位引导建立经皮肾穿刺通道,进行经皮肾碎石取石术(PCNL)治疗肾结石以及输尿管上段结石,探讨其临床价值。方法术前患者行上腹部CT平扫,利用CT阅片系统设计肾穿刺点、穿刺方向及深度,帮助术中B超下肾穿刺点、穿刺方向及深度定位,建立经皮肾穿刺通道,对46例肾结石、输尿管上段结石患者进行微创皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术治疗。结果 46例结石患者全部手术成功,无1例中转开放性手术,成功率100%。30例肾结石取净率达80%,肾盂梗阻解除率达100%。16例输尿管上段结石(合并肾结石24例)均一次取净结石。结论术前CT检查和术中B超定位引导建立经皮肾穿刺通道行经皮肾输尿管镜取石术可提高B超定位引导建立经皮肾穿刺通道成功,缩短手术时间。

CT双窗技术在胸部基本病变中的应用

ＣＴ双窗技术在胸部基本病变中的应用徐明德（第一附属医院放射科南昌３３０００６）胸部的ＣＴ检查，通常要应用肺窗与纵隔窗两套片进行分析￣［１～５］。而使用双窗技术可在一幅图像上同时观察肺组织及纵隔组织，图像显示清晰，界面清楚，具有影像的立体感￣［４～６］...

胃癌术前CT的临床探讨

为探讨胃癌手术前行CT检查临床分期对判断能否手术及手术预后评价的作用 ,对 4 6例确诊胃癌的患者术前CT检查 ,CT诊断的结果与术中观察、术后病理诊断进行比较。结果表明 ,CT对进展期胃癌原发灶的诊断准确 ,转移灶检出灵敏度高 ,术前TNM分期准确率较高。因此 ,进展期胃癌的术前CT能够较准确地进行分期 ,对治疗方案的选择有明确指导意义 ,应作为常规检查。

术前CT和术中神经监测确认右侧Ⅰ型喉不返神经1例

非返性喉返神经(non-recurrent laryngeal nerve,NRLN)是一种罕见的解剖变异。由于从迷走神经分支后横向走形人喉,所以在甲状腺手术中有较高的损伤风险。术前CT发现迷走右锁骨下动脉可预判右侧NRLN存在的可能,使术中保持警惕性。术中神经监测(JIONM)能证实NRLN的存在,并有助于保护喉返神经的功能。

Assessment of Gastric Cancer: Value of Two-phase Multidetector-row Spiral CT Three-dimensional Reconstruction Technique

Abstract Objective： To evaluate the diagnostic value of two-phase multidetector-row spiral CT threedimensional reconstruction technique in TNM staging of gastric cancer. Methods： In 29 patients with gastric carcinoma pathologically conformed, plan scans were done firstly. Two-phase spiral CT was performed within one breathhold each. Distension of the stomach was achieved by intravenous application of anisodamine and effervescent granules. After bolus injection of contrast medium, scanning was performed in the arterial and venous phase, and the source images were thin reconstructed. The stomach to three-dimension analysis was constructed by volume rendering （VR） multiplanaz volume reconstruction （MPVR）, shaded surface display （SSD） and CT virtual gastroscopy （CTVG） technique. In combination with the sources images, gastric tumour invasion and lymph node metastasis was assessed, and TNM staging was performed. Results： In 29 cases of gastric carcinoma, the sensitivity and specificity of two-phase multidetector-row spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction technique in T1, T2, T3 and Ta staging, the sensitivity and specificity was 50% and 50%, 87.5% and 77.8%, 83.3% and 76.9% and 100% and 80% respectively. For the N staging, the sensitivity and specificity in No, N1, and N2 N3 was 83.3% and 71.4%, 87.5% and 77.8% and 81.8% and 75% respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity for M1 staging was 100%. Conclusion： The reconstruction technique in combination with 16-slices spiral-CT can perform TNM staging well and effectively guide the choice of the surgical procedures for gastric cancer.

硬化性肺泡细胞瘤的CT特点与鉴别诊断

硬化性肺泡细胞瘤（pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma，PSP）曾被称为肺硬化性血管瘤，于1956年被Liebow等首次提出，它是临床上尤为少见的肺部良性肿瘤。PSP发生率低，临床表现缺乏特异性，临床上对该病认识不足，术前CT检查误诊率较高。笔者收集了经病理确诊的28例PSP患者，回顾分析其临床资料、影像学特点，以期提高对该病的术前诊断正确率。

Role of Early Arterial Phase Multislice Helical CT Angiography in Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of early arterial phase multislice CT angiog raphy (MSCTA) of hepatic vessels in evaluation of middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Trigger Bolus program was used to carry out MSCTA in early and late arterial phases and portal vein phase with single breath holding. Hepatic vessels were reconstructed from the original images of early arterial phase by post processing. The blood supply of tumor and normal liver tissue and the appearances of venous thrombosis and arteriovenous shunts were analyzed. Results: The MSCTA with early arterial phase could perfectly display the origin, shape and amount of feeding vessels to normal liver tissue and tumor in middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. It had the ability of displaying the arteriovenous shunts better than that in conventional dual phased liver scanning. Conclusion: MSCTA of hepatic vessels with early arterial phase acquisition using multislice helical CT in middle or advance stage hepatocellular carcinoma has favorable and promising application. It can be used as an imaging method for comprehensive assessment of the hepatocellular carcinoma before treatment.

Calcified reticulate rind sign:A characteristic feature of gossypiboma on computed tomography

We herein report a gossypiboma resulting from a retained surgical swab, which had been left in peritoneum for 20years after appendectomy. CT revealed a cystic mass with a calcified reticulate rind. Subsequent surgery and pathological examination showed a gossypiboma. A simple experiment, using a barium-soaked surgical swab demonstrating similar CT appearance, supported our postulation that calcium deposition on the reticulated fibers of a surgical swab could generate such a characteristic 'calcified reticulate rind' sign. We believe that identification of this CT sign facilitates the diagnosis of gossypibomas.

Biliary tract schwannoma:A rare cause of obstructive jaundice in a young patient

Schwannoma is a tumor derived from Schwann cells which usually arises in the upper extremities, trunk, head and neck, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pelvis, and peritoneum. However, it can arise in the gastro-intestinal tract, including biliary tract. We present a 24-year-old male patient with obstructive jaundice, whose investigation with computed tomography abdomen showed focal wall thickening in the common hepatic duct, difficult to differentiate with hilar adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed intraoperatively schwannoma of common bile duct and treated with local resection. The patient recovered well without signs of recurrence of the lesion after 12 mo. We also reviewed the common bile duct schwannoma related in the literature and evaluated the difficulty in pre and intraoperative differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma hilar. Resection is the treatment of choice for such cases and the tumordid not recur in any of the resected cases.

Clinical usefulness of ^(18) F-FDG PET/CT in the restaging of esophageal cancer after surgical resection and radiotherapy

AIM： To evaluate the clinical usefulness of lSF-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission and computed tomography QSF-FDG PET/CT） in restaging of esophageal cancer after surgical resection and radiotherapy. METHODS： Between January 2007 and Aug 2008, twenty histopathologically diagnosed esophageal cancer patients underwent 25 PET/CT scans （three patients had two scans and one patient had three scans） for restaging after surgical resection and radiotherapy. The standard reference for tumor recurrence was histopathologic confirmation or clinical follow-up for at least ten months after ^18F-FDG PET/CT examinations. RESULTS： Tumor recurrence was confirmed histopathologically in seven of the 20 patients （35%） and by clinical and radiological follow-up in 13 （65%）. ^18F-FDG PET/CT was positive in 14 patients （68.4%） and negative in six （31.6%）. ^18F-FDG PET/CT was true positive in 11 patients, false positive in three and true negative in six. Overall, the accuracy of ^18F-FDG PET/CT was 85%, negative predictive value （NPV） was 100%, and positive predictive value （PPV） was 78.6%.The three false positive PET/CT findings comprised chronic inflammation of mediastinal lymph nodes （n = 2） and anastomosis inflammation （n = 1）. PET/ CT demonstrated distant metastasis in 10 patients. ^18F-FDG PET/CT imaging-guided salvage treatment in nine patients was performed. Treatment regimens were changed in 12 （60%） patients after introducing ^18F-FDG PET/CT into their conventional post-treatment follow-up program. CONCLUSION： Whole body ^18F-FDG PET/CT is effective in detecting relapse of esophageal cancer after surgical resection and radiotherapy. It could also have important clinical impact on the management of esophageal cancer, influencing both clinical restaging and salvage treatment of patients.

Comparison of CT and MRI for presurgical characterization of paraaortic lymph nodes in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma

AIM:To determine the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) for presurgical characterization of paraaortic lymph nodes in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma. METHODS:Two radiologists independently evaluated CT and MR imaging of 31 patients who had undergone lymphadenectomy (9 metastatic and 22 non-metastatic paraaortic nodes). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed using a five point scale to compare CT with MRI. To re-define the morphologic features of metastatic nodes, we evaluated CT scans from 70 patients with 23 metastatic paraaortic nodes and 47 non-metastatic ones. The short axis diameter, ratio of the short to long axis, shape, and presence of necrosis were compared between metastatic and non-metastatic nodes by independent samples t-test and Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:The mean area under the ROC curve for CT (0.732 and 0.646, respectively) was slightly higher than that for MRI (0.725 and 0.598, respectively) without statistical significance (P = 0.940 and 0.716,respectively). The short axis diameter of the metastatic lymph nodes (mean = 9.2 mm) was significantly larger than that of non-metastatic ones (mean = 5.17 mm, P < 0.05). Metastatic nodes had more irregular margins (44.4%) and central necrosis (22.2%) than non-metastatic ones (9% and 0%, respectively), with statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The accuracy of CT scan for the characterization of paraaortic nodes is not different from that of MRI. A short axis-diameter (> 5.3 mm), irregular margin, and presence of central necrosis are the suggestive morphologic features of metastatic paraaortic nodes.

Multidetector CT angiography with volumetric three-dimentional rendering to evaluate bronchial arteries in primary lung cancer

Objective：To evaluate the imageologic characteristics of the bronchial arteries （BAs） in primary lung cancer （PLC）with multidetector CT （MDCT）angiography. Methods： Thin-section enhanced CT scanning （with an Toshiba Aquilion 16 scanner） was performed in 164 PLC patients, of whom 123 were confirmed by pathology and the remaining 41 were confirmed by typical radiological and clinical findings. Another 46 patients with normal thoracic CT presentations were served as control. Three-dimensional （3D） images of the BAs were processed at workstation （Vitrea 2, Vital Corp, USA）. Spatial anatomical characters of the BAs were observed using volume rendering （VR） and multiplanar reconstruction （MPR） or maximum intensity projection （MIP）. Results： At least one bronchial artery was displayed clearly on VR in 152 （92.7%） of the 164 PLC patients and 32 （69.6%） of the 46 controls. There were 48. 92% of the right BAs originating from the descending aorta and 46. 24% from the right intercostal artery. 97.53% of the left BAs originated from the descending aorta, and 94.87% of the common trunk from the descending aorta. There were 10 distribution patterns of the BAs, with one on the right and one on the left predominating （48. 68%）. More BA branches were found to reach far from the segmental bronchi or enter into the lesions in the PLC group than those in the control group （25.8% vs 1.7% ）, and also the ipsilateral side of the PLC than the contralateral side （40% vs 8. 8%）. The diameter and the total transaxial areas of the BAs on the ipsilateral side of the PLC lesions were significantly larger than those on the contralateral side or those of the control group （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion：The anatomic characters and pathologic changes can be depicted in vivo stereographically and clearly by CTA with volumetric 3D rendering. Dilation of the BAs and increase of total blood flow in patients with PLC can be evaluated quantitatively, which may be useful in the diagnosis and assessment of PLC, and have the potential to increase the safety and effect of interventional therapy.

重型颅脑损伤术中脑膨出的应急处理

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤术中脑膨出原因及应急处理措施。方法回顾性分析术中发生脑膨出32例患者的受伤机制、临床表现、CT扫描结果、脑膨出的不同特征及应急处理方法。结果32例患者恢复良好8例,中残3例,重残5例,植物生存4例,死亡12例。结论术前依据受力部位、CT扫描结果,预计术中发生脑膨出的可能原因,术中根据脑膨出的特征,决定是否探查对侧或行术中CT检查,明确诊断,确立进一步治疗方案。

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis with “inferior” cystic artery: A case report

A 76-year-old man with known situs inversus totalis presented with leE-sided discomfort. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of a gallstone, as well as, situs inversus; the liver and gallbladder on the left side and the spleen on the right. The biliary system was thought to be left-right reversal, mirror image in the view of drip infusion cholangiogram and MRI. Laparoscopic cholecy stectomy was safely performed, despite of unexpected aberrant cystic artery running inferior to cystic duct of situs inversus. Laparoscopic surgeon should be careful for view of reversed relationships and also existence of other anomalies.

胃癌的CT诊断

胃癌是一种常见病,临床上通过消化道气钡造影、胃镜及病理活检都能够作出准确诊断。但消化道气钡造影和胃镜只能观察到胃腔内的病变,而无法了解胃癌对周围组织器官是否有侵犯以及有无肝脏、淋巴结等脏器的转移。随着CT在临床上的广泛应用，胃癌术前CT检查能够弥补上述不足，这对胃癌能否手术治疗及判断预后有重要意义，本文主要分析22例进展期胃癌的检查结果，评价CT检查胃癌的价值。

Clinical value of multi-slice helical CT angiography in diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of multi-slice helical CT angiography (MSCTA) in diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases. Methods: 52 patients with cerebral vascular diseases were examined with GE Light Speed 4-slice and 16-slice helical CT. Pitch: 0.5–3, slice thickness: 0.625–1.25 mm, adult injection dosage: 90–100 mL, children injection dos- age: 2 mL/kg, injection rate: 2.5–4.0 mL/s, delay time: 15–22 s. Intelligent track scan (Smart prep Rx) were adopted in parts of these cases. Three-dimensional cerebral vascular images were processed at ADW 3.1 and ADW 4.2 workstation. Results: MSCTA could clearly display spacious anatomic details of cerebral aneurysm, including its origin, size, neck width, and trend etc. MSCTA results of 19 cases were consistent with those of operations. The diameter of the smallest cerebral aneurysm shown in our research was about 3 mm. As a non-invasive examination, MSCTA could also be applied in post-operational evaluation of cerebral aneurysm by observing the location of silver clip and the distant vessels. Besides, MSCTA could be used to diagnose arteriovenous malformation and moyamoya disease. Of all the three-dimentional imaging methods, volume rendering (VR) is the best means to display the cerebral vascular diseases. Conclusion: As a non-invasive examination, MSCTA plays an important role in detection, pre-operational and post-operational evaluation of cerebral vascular diseases.

临床分析对甲状腺癌局部切除术后残癌率的评估和意义

目的:了解甲状腺癌再手术情况,对甲状腺癌局部切除术后残癌率进行评估,制定再手术的适应症,为临床提供理论依据。方法:总结56例在外院行甲状腺癌局部切除术后,又到我院行再次手术治疗患者的临床资料,对首次手术前肿瘤和再手术前辅助检查情况进行分析。结果:病理证实再手术患者残癌率为42.8%;首次手术前肿瘤大于4cm,残癌率为80.0%;肿瘤小于2cm,残癌率为11.1%;单发结节残癌率为27.5%,多发结节为81.3%;肿瘤侵及甲状腺被膜者残癌率为86.3%,未侵及被膜者为14.7%;首次手术行结节切除术者残癌率为47.6%,行腺叶次全切除术者为12.5%。再手术前 CT 检查发现癌残留的敏感度为60.0%,阳性预测值为85.2%。结论:甲状腺癌局部切除术残癌率较高,但慎重再手术是必要的,首次手术前肿瘤情况和 CT 扫描对筛选再手术患者有首要意义,按适应症选择手术病例,可以使不必要再手术的患者免受手术之苦。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON COMPARISON AND FUSION OF METABOLIC IMAGES OF PET WITH ANATOMIC IMAGES OF CT AND MRI

Objective. To compare and match metabolic images of PET with anatomic images of CT and MRI. Methods. The CT or MRI images of the patients were obtained through a photo scanner, and then transferred to the remote workstation of PET scanner with a floppy disk. A fusion method was developed to match the 2- dimensional CT or MRI slices with the correlative slices of 3- dimensional volume PET images. Results. Twenty－ nine metabolically changed foci were accurately localized in 21 epilepsy patients’ MRI images, while MRI alone had only 6 true positive findings. In 53 cancer or suspicious cancer patients, 53 positive lesions detected by PET were compared and matched with the corresponding lesions in CT or MRI images, in which 10 lesions were missed. On the other hand, 23 lesions detected from the patients’ CT or MRI images were negative or with low uptake in the PET images, and they were finally proved as benign. Conclusions. Comparing and matching metabolic images with anatomic images helped obtain a full understanding about the lesion and its peripheral structures. The fusion method was simple, practical and useful for localizing metabolically changed lesions.

The Use of Multislice Spiral CT to Predict the Resectability of Central Lung Cancer： Correlation with Pathologic and Surgical Findings

OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT （MSCT） with imaging reconstruction in judging central pulmonary vascular involvement from central lung cancer, and to explore its ability to predict the resectability of lung cancer. METHODS MSCTs were conducted on 48 patients who were diagnosed preoperatively with central lung cancer. Images of pulmonary arteries and veins that might affect Iobectomy or pneumonectomy were reconstructed by means of imaging processing techniques. Then the relationship of the tumor to the vessels was assessed prospectively on both axial CT images and axial CT images plus reconstructed images（CT-RI） in comparison to subsequent pathologic and surgical findings. RESULTS MSCTs were obtained on all 48 patients whom 42 underwent thoracotomy, Iobectomy or pneumonectomy. Compared with the axial CT images, CT-RI was more accurate in judging the relationship of the central pulmonary vessels to the tumor based on subsequent pathologic 78 vessels studied and surgical findings （186 vessels studied）（0.01 〈P〈0.05）. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of unresectability of the vessels were all remarkably higher with CT-RI （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION MSCT with imaging reconstruction can improve the recognition of neoplastic invasion of central pulmonary vessels. It can be used to predict preoperatively the resectability of central lung cancer and to plan surgery.