· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin recept...· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.·METHODS: The HCECs were stimulated by curdlan in different concentrations(50, 100, 200, 400 μg/m L) for various time. Then HCECs pretreated with or without laminarin(Dectin-1 blocker, 0.3 mg/m L) and curdlan were stimulated by A. fumigatus hyphae. The m RNA and protein production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The protein level of Dectin-1 was measured by Western blot.· RESULTS: Curdlan stimulated m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose and time dependent manner in HCECs. Curdlan pretreatment before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at m RNA and protein levels compared with A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation group(P 【0.05).Both curdlan and A. fumigatus hyphae up-regulated Dectin-1 protein expression in HCECs, and Dectin-1expression was elevated to 1.5- to 2-fold by curdlan pretreatment followed hyphae stimulation. The Dectin-1blocker laminarin suppressed the m RNA expression and protein production of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by curdlan and hyphae(P 【0.05).· CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that curdlan pretreatment enhanced the inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatus hyphae in HCECs.Dectin-1 is essential for the immunomodulatory effectsof curdlan. Curdlan may have high clinical application values in fungal keratitis treatment.展开更多
为解决卤牛肉在实际生产过程中肉汁损失、口感下滑等劣变问题,研究不同添加量(0%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%)的可得然胶对卤牛肉品质特性的影响。低场核磁(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)分析表明,可得然胶使卤牛肉中不易流动...为解决卤牛肉在实际生产过程中肉汁损失、口感下滑等劣变问题,研究不同添加量(0%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%)的可得然胶对卤牛肉品质特性的影响。低场核磁(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)分析表明,可得然胶使卤牛肉中不易流动水含量显著提高(P<0.05),自由水含量降低,使得蒸煮得率显著提高(P<0.05),当添加量为3.0%时,蒸煮得率增加33.43%。质构分析显示,可得然胶明显降低卤牛肉的硬度、咀嚼性及剪切力,当添加量达到2.0%时,剪切力降低29.31%。可得然胶添加量从0%增加到2.0%时,卤牛肉切面逐渐顺滑、呈色均匀且具有诱人光泽,切面亮度值提高12.69%,总体可接受性评分最高。但当添加量继续增加至3.0%时,卤牛肉切面呈现出大片的类似胶状的成分,感官品质降低。此外,可得然胶添加可有效抑制冷藏过程中卤牛肉的脂肪氧化,且2.0%添加量时效果最佳。展开更多
为改善κ-卡拉胶在脂肪替代物制备中存在的脆性大、力学性能差和高温易分解等问题,以κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶为原料制备复合凝胶脂肪替代物(compound gel fat substitutes,CGFS),筛选出κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶最佳质量比为3∶7,考察多糖浓度...为改善κ-卡拉胶在脂肪替代物制备中存在的脆性大、力学性能差和高温易分解等问题,以κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶为原料制备复合凝胶脂肪替代物(compound gel fat substitutes,CGFS),筛选出κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶最佳质量比为3∶7,考察多糖浓度、热处理时间、热处理温度和初始pH值对κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS质构和持水能力的影响。在此基础上,以硬度为响应值优化κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS的制备工艺。结果表明:κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS的最佳制备工艺为多糖浓度3.4%、初始pH6.3、热处理时间13 min,在此条件下CGFS硬度值为(2127.432±0.480)g。展开更多
探讨添加可得然胶(0.3%,肉总质量计)以及不同加水量(20%、23%、26%和29%,肉总质量计)对法兰克福香肠品质特性的影响。测定蒸煮损失率、乳化稳定性、色差、质构、流变特性、微观结构以及感官评价,同时应用低场核磁共振(low field nuclear...探讨添加可得然胶(0.3%,肉总质量计)以及不同加水量(20%、23%、26%和29%,肉总质量计)对法兰克福香肠品质特性的影响。测定蒸煮损失率、乳化稳定性、色差、质构、流变特性、微观结构以及感官评价,同时应用低场核磁共振(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术测定法兰克福香肠内部水分子的迁移规律。结果表明,在不添加可得然胶对照组中,随着加水量的增加,法兰克福香肠的蒸煮损失率和L*值显著增加(P<0.05),而乳化稳定性、硬度和总体可接受性显著降低(P<0.05)。然而,在添加可得然胶后,在相同加水量条件下显著降低法兰克福香肠的蒸煮损失率,并显著提高肉制品的乳化稳定性、硬度、弹性和总体可接受性(P<0.05)。LF-NMR研究结果表明,可得然胶的添加能够降低法兰克福香肠的弛豫时间,在较高加水量条件下增强对水分子的束缚能力。另外,肉糜的流变学测定结果表明,在相同加水量条件下,添加可得然胶能够提高肉糜在加热终点的储能模量(G’)和损失模量(G"),而且降低相位角正切值(tanδ),说明可得然胶能够在较高加水量条件下提高肉糜的黏弹性。同时,扫描电镜结果表明,较高的加水量会导致蛋白凝胶结构松散,而可得然胶的添加能够显著改善蛋白凝胶的网状结构。上述结果表明,虽然过多的加水量会导致法兰克福香肠的品质下降,但是可得然胶的添加能够在较高加水量条件下显著提高法兰克福香肠的食用品质,为可得然胶在乳化肉糜类肉制品中的应用提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170825No.81470609)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2013HQ007No.ZR2012HZ001)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,2012(No.20123706110003)
文摘· AIM: To explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against Aspergillus fumigatus(A. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells(HCECs), and whether C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan.·METHODS: The HCECs were stimulated by curdlan in different concentrations(50, 100, 200, 400 μg/m L) for various time. Then HCECs pretreated with or without laminarin(Dectin-1 blocker, 0.3 mg/m L) and curdlan were stimulated by A. fumigatus hyphae. The m RNA and protein production of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The protein level of Dectin-1 was measured by Western blot.· RESULTS: Curdlan stimulated m RNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose and time dependent manner in HCECs. Curdlan pretreatment before A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation significantly enhanced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at m RNA and protein levels compared with A. fumigatus hyphae stimulation group(P 【0.05).Both curdlan and A. fumigatus hyphae up-regulated Dectin-1 protein expression in HCECs, and Dectin-1expression was elevated to 1.5- to 2-fold by curdlan pretreatment followed hyphae stimulation. The Dectin-1blocker laminarin suppressed the m RNA expression and protein production of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by curdlan and hyphae(P 【0.05).· CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that curdlan pretreatment enhanced the inflammatory response induced by A. fumigatus hyphae in HCECs.Dectin-1 is essential for the immunomodulatory effectsof curdlan. Curdlan may have high clinical application values in fungal keratitis treatment.
文摘为解决卤牛肉在实际生产过程中肉汁损失、口感下滑等劣变问题,研究不同添加量(0%、1.0%、2.0%、3.0%)的可得然胶对卤牛肉品质特性的影响。低场核磁(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)分析表明,可得然胶使卤牛肉中不易流动水含量显著提高(P<0.05),自由水含量降低,使得蒸煮得率显著提高(P<0.05),当添加量为3.0%时,蒸煮得率增加33.43%。质构分析显示,可得然胶明显降低卤牛肉的硬度、咀嚼性及剪切力,当添加量达到2.0%时,剪切力降低29.31%。可得然胶添加量从0%增加到2.0%时,卤牛肉切面逐渐顺滑、呈色均匀且具有诱人光泽,切面亮度值提高12.69%,总体可接受性评分最高。但当添加量继续增加至3.0%时,卤牛肉切面呈现出大片的类似胶状的成分,感官品质降低。此外,可得然胶添加可有效抑制冷藏过程中卤牛肉的脂肪氧化,且2.0%添加量时效果最佳。
文摘为改善κ-卡拉胶在脂肪替代物制备中存在的脆性大、力学性能差和高温易分解等问题,以κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶为原料制备复合凝胶脂肪替代物(compound gel fat substitutes,CGFS),筛选出κ-卡拉胶和可得然胶最佳质量比为3∶7,考察多糖浓度、热处理时间、热处理温度和初始pH值对κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS质构和持水能力的影响。在此基础上,以硬度为响应值优化κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS的制备工艺。结果表明:κ-卡拉胶与可得然胶CGFS的最佳制备工艺为多糖浓度3.4%、初始pH6.3、热处理时间13 min,在此条件下CGFS硬度值为(2127.432±0.480)g。
文摘探讨添加可得然胶(0.3%,肉总质量计)以及不同加水量(20%、23%、26%和29%,肉总质量计)对法兰克福香肠品质特性的影响。测定蒸煮损失率、乳化稳定性、色差、质构、流变特性、微观结构以及感官评价,同时应用低场核磁共振(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术测定法兰克福香肠内部水分子的迁移规律。结果表明,在不添加可得然胶对照组中,随着加水量的增加,法兰克福香肠的蒸煮损失率和L*值显著增加(P<0.05),而乳化稳定性、硬度和总体可接受性显著降低(P<0.05)。然而,在添加可得然胶后,在相同加水量条件下显著降低法兰克福香肠的蒸煮损失率,并显著提高肉制品的乳化稳定性、硬度、弹性和总体可接受性(P<0.05)。LF-NMR研究结果表明,可得然胶的添加能够降低法兰克福香肠的弛豫时间,在较高加水量条件下增强对水分子的束缚能力。另外,肉糜的流变学测定结果表明,在相同加水量条件下,添加可得然胶能够提高肉糜在加热终点的储能模量(G’)和损失模量(G"),而且降低相位角正切值(tanδ),说明可得然胶能够在较高加水量条件下提高肉糜的黏弹性。同时,扫描电镜结果表明,较高的加水量会导致蛋白凝胶结构松散,而可得然胶的添加能够显著改善蛋白凝胶的网状结构。上述结果表明,虽然过多的加水量会导致法兰克福香肠的品质下降,但是可得然胶的添加能够在较高加水量条件下显著提高法兰克福香肠的食用品质,为可得然胶在乳化肉糜类肉制品中的应用提供理论依据。