Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

Morphotype dependence of Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer Mg/Ca ratios in the western tropical Pacific:implications for reconstructing the mixed-layer depth

Planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer are the most frequently used mixedlayer dwelling species for reconstructing past oceanic environments.Specifically,the Mg/Ca ratios of these two foraminiferal species have been used for reconstructing tropical/subtropical changes in sea surface temperature(SST).However,these two species have different morphotypes,of which the spatial and temporal differences in Mg/Ca ratios and their influencing factors are still unclear.Our objective is to investigate the potential differences between the Mg/Ca ratios of these different morphotypes of G.ruber(white)and T.sacculifer in the western Philippine Sea(WPS)and determine their implications for the reconstruction of SST and upper-ocean structure.Mg/Ca measurements are made on two basic morphotypes of G.ruber(white)[sensu stricto(s.s.)and sensu lato(s.l.)]and T.sacculifer[with(w)and without(w/o)a sac-like final chamber]on samples of Site MD06-3047B from the WPS.Our results reveal that Mg/Ca ratios of different G.ruber morphotypes show consistent differences;and those of T.sacculifer morphotypes show staged variations since MIS 3.It is suggested to select a single morphotype for reconstructing SST changes using the Mg/Ca ratios of G.ruber and T.sacculifer in the WPS.Furthermore,the Mg/Ca ratios between G.ruber s.s.and G.ruber s.l.[Δ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)]downcore MD06-3047B covaries with indexes of summer monsoon.Combining with the core-top results,showing regional variation of differences in theΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)over the western tropical Pacific,we propose thatΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)may tend to reflect summer mixed layer depth.

Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios as environmental and growth proxies for bivalve shells from the Haima cold seep,South China Sea

Bivalve shell fossils,cemented by authigenic carbonates,are widely spread in the Haima cold seep,Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea(SCS).In this study,we examined an element profile of Gigantidas platifrons in the Haima cold seeps at a water depth of 1381 m.Based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the prismatic layer and nacreous layer were identified,which are characterized by prismatic structure and stratified structure,respectively.In addition,the profile can be subdivided into two parts:altered and unaltered zones.Laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)mapping shows that the element concentrations of the altered zones were influenced by the authigenic carbonate rocks,whereas the element concentrations of unaltered zones remain stable.In-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that the mineral constituent of the prismatic layer is mainly composed of aragonite.Along with the growth profile,Mg/Ca ratios of unaltered zones have minor variations,ranging 0.72-0.97 mmol/mol(mean=0.87 mmol/mol),with estimated temperatures of 3.8-4.1℃,indicating that the temperature of the surrounding seawater remains constant and agree with the measured data of 3.9℃which was conducted by a conductivity-temperature-depth system(CTD).The minor variations of Ba/Ca ratios(0.01-0.06 mmol/mol;mean=0.04 mmol/mol)indicate a relatively stabilized salinity of the surrounding seawater.S/Ca ratios show large variations of 0.04-4.15 mmol/mol(mean=1.37 mmol/mol).S/Ca ratios have regular variations which generally correspond to the variations of the Mg/Ca ratios,highlighting that the S/Ca ratios of bivalve shells show the potential to reflect the growth rate of the Gigantides.However,further studies should be carried out on the understanding of the links between the S/Ca ratios and seepage intensity of cold-seep fluids.

不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿可浮性的影响

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。通过单矿物浮选实验、浮选溶液化学、Zeta电位、XPS,研究了不同矿浆温度下Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选效果的影响机理,结果表明:低温能够明显抑制黄铁矿的浮选,且温度降低能够明显弱化Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)对黄铁矿浮选的抑制作用。当矿浆温度从20℃降至5℃时,矿浆中带电粒子运动速度减慢,Zeta电位增大,生成氢氧化钙镁沉淀的临界pH值增大,纯水矿浆中黄铁矿表面的FeO/OH的比例减小,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)矿浆中黄铁矿表面FeO/OH含量的降低幅度减小,减少了黄铁矿表面的氧化程度和活性吸附位点,减少了Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+,Mg^(2+)和Mg(OH)+等离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附;但低温并不改变Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)在黄铁矿表面的存在形式和吸附状态,pH值为9时,钙镁均以Ca^(2+)、Ca(OH)+、Mg^(2+)、Mg(OH)+的形式存在并吸附在黄铁矿表面。

西宁地区原发性高血压患者血清MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg的临床意义

目的探讨青海省西宁地区原发性高血压(primary hypertension,PH)患者血清单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)、(中性粒细胞+单核细胞)/淋巴细胞比值(NMLR)、钙/镁比值(Ca/Mg)的临床意义。方法共入选528例研究对象,根据血压测量结果分为健康对照组(n=179)与PH组(n=349)。根据2018年高血压防治指南,将PH组进一步分为1级PH组(n=116)、2级PH组(n=111)、3级PH组(n=122)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析,明确PH组发病的独立危险因素;采用血常规检测和生物化学法检测MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg水平,通过Spearman相关性分析探讨MHR、NMLR、Ca/Mg水平与高血压水平分类的相关性。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,Ca/Mg、NMLR是发生PH的独立危险因素。PH组Ca/Mg、NMLR显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与1级PH组比较,3级PH组的Ca/Mg、NMLR水平明显升高(P<0.05),Ca/Mg、NMLR、MHR与高血压水平分类呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论NMLR、Ca/Mg、MHR与PH的病情程度密切相关,NMLR、Ca/Mg监测有助于早期识别PH高危患者并进行相应的临床干预治疗。

Ca含量对时效态Mg-6.5Al-xCa-1Sn-0.3Sr镁合金显微组织和性能的影响

通过XRD、SEM和性能测试研究了Ca含量的变化对时效态Mg-6.5Al-xCa-1Sn-0.3Sr(x=1,1.5,2,2.5)镁合金的显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,时效态合金主要由α-Mg和Al_(2)Ca相组成,Al_(2)Ca相成网状分布。合金的抗拉强度和伸长率随着Ca加入量的增加而逐渐降低,当Ca含量为1%时合金的拉伸性能最佳,而合金的硬度随着Ca的加入而增加。在175℃、70 MPa下,Ca的添加使时效态合金的稳态蠕变速率降低。

Effect of melt-to-solid volume ratio and preheating temperature on Mg/Al bimetals interface by centrifugal casting

Compound casting is an efficient method for bonding dissimilar metals,in which a dramatic reaction can occur between the melt and solid.The centrifugal casting process,a type of compound casting,was applied to cast Al/Mg dissimilar bimetals.Magnesium melt was poured at 700 °C,with melt-to-solid volume ratios(Vm/Vs) of 1.5 and 3,into a preheated hollow aluminum cylinder.The preheating temperatures of the solid part were 320,400,and 450 °C,and the constant rotational speed was 1,600 rpm.The cast parts were kept inside the casting machine until reaching the cooling temperature of 150 °C.The result showed that an increase in preheating temperature from 320 to 450 °C led to an enhanced reaction layer thickness.In addition,an increase in the Vm/Vs from 1.5 to 3 resulted in raising the interface thickness from 1.2 to 1.8 mm.Moreover,the interface was not continuously formed when a Vm/Vs of 3 was selected.In this case,the force of contraction overcame the resultant acting force on the interface.An interface formed at the volume ratio of 1.5 was examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and the results demonstrated the formation of Al_(3)Mg_(2),Al_(12)Mg_(17) and(δ+Al_(12)Mg_(17)) eutectic structures in the interface.

Al含量对Mg-xAl-3Ca合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过向镁熔体添加不同含量的铝(10wt.%~80wt.%)和3wt.%的钙粒,成功制备了一系列Mg-xAl-3Ca(x=1wt.%、20wt.%、30wt.%、40wt.%)合金和Al-xMg-3Ca(x=17wt.%、27wt.%、37wt.%、47wt.%)合金。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等设备来研究镁铝钙合金向铝镁钙合金演变过程中的微观组织变化及对压缩性能的影响机制。结果表明,在一定范围内铝含量能够提高合金的抗压性能。当铝含量占比低于30wt.%时,合金的抗压强度随着铝含量的增加也随之提高。当铝含量占比30wt.%时,合金中的Mg_(17)Al_(12)相互相连接形成网状结构,抑制了α-Μg相的生长和移动,从而提高合金的抗压强度至379.43MPa,而当铝含量超过30wt.%时,由于存在大量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)和大尺寸的Al_(2)Ca相,合金的脆化倾向增加,从而使合金的抗压强度逐渐下降。当铝含量占比为50wt.%和60wt.%时由于只形成了少量的金属间化合物,因此其抗压强度最低。然而,当铝含量为80wt.%时,合金中的α-Al相具有高硬度和强度,可增加合金抗压强度,合金抗压强度为438.06MPa.

挤压工艺对Mg-Al-Ca-Zn合金组织与性能的影响

对Mg-2.0Al-1.5Ca-0.8Zn合金进行了320~400℃,32、64不同挤压比的挤压试验,采用OM、SEM、拉伸试验、腐蚀试验等手段,研究了不同挤压工艺对Mg-2.0Al-1.5Ca-0.8Zn合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:随着挤压温度和挤压比的升高,合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。随着挤压温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度逐渐提高,伸长率和耐腐蚀性先升高后降低。挤压温度400℃,挤压比32时挤压的合金的抗拉强度最高,为268.5 MPa。挤压温度360℃,挤压比64时挤压的合金的塑性最佳,其伸长率为27.4%。挤压温度360℃,挤压比32时挤压的合金的耐腐蚀性最好,其腐蚀失重率为226.4 mg/(cm^(2)·h)。

Y元素对铸态 Mg-Al-Ca-Mn合金组织与耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD分析、腐蚀试验和电化学测试等研究了Mg-4Al-3Ca-0.7Mn-xY(x=0、0.8、1.5)铸态合金的微观组织与耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:未添加Y的Mg-4Al-3Ca-0.7Mn合金组织由α-Mg、Al2Ca相、Mg2Ca相组成。添加0.8wt%Y后,合金组织中晶粒得到明显细化,析出相变得细小,Al2Ca相、Mg2Ca相数量减少,并有Al2Y相生成。Y含量增加到1.5wt%时,合金晶粒细化效果不明显,大量Al2Y相聚集在晶界处呈网状分布。添加适量的Y可提高Mg-4Al-3Ca-0.7Mn-xY合金的耐腐蚀性,Y添加量为0.8wt%时,该合金的耐腐蚀性最佳。

Mg-Zn-Ca合金的体外降解行为

背景:鉴于人体复杂的生理环境,目前降解实验中使用的模拟生理体液种类繁多,因此分析Mg-Zn-Ca合金在不同模拟体液中的降解行为具有重要意义。目的:研究Mg-Zn-Ca合金在不同模拟体液中的降解过程和性能变化,明确Ca含量和模拟体液种类对合金的影响。方法:采用熔融挤压成型工艺制备含钙质量分数分别为0.2%,0.5%,1%的Mg-Zn-Ca合金,依次命名为Mg-Zn-0.2Ca、Mg-Zn-0.5Ca、Mg-Zn-1Ca合金,以Mg-Zn合金作为对照。将每种合金分别置于3种模拟体液(生理盐水、PBS和Hank’s液)中,对合金降解过程中的形貌、成分变化、质量损失、pH值及力学性能等进行表征分析。结果与结论:①随着降解时间的延长,4种合金表面生成了大量的纳米级片层和柱状结构,主要成分是MgO和Mg(OH)2,4种合金在生理盐水中的降解速度最快,在Hank’s液中的降解速率最慢,在生理盐水中的降解速率快慢为:Mg-Zn<Mg-Zn-0.2Ca<Mg-Zn-0.5Ca<Mg-Zn-1Ca,在PBS和Hank’s液中的降解速率快慢为:Mg-Zn<Mg-Zn-0.2Ca≈Mg-Zn-0.5Ca<Mg-Zn-1Ca;②随着降解时间的延长,4种合金都有一定的质量损失,其中在生理盐水中降解最快,在Hank’s液和PBS中降解缓慢,并且在相同模拟体液中,随着合金中钙含量的增加,合金的腐蚀速率明显加快;③4种合金降解环境pH值的上升主要集中在1 d内,之后趋缓,在PBS中的pH值上升幅度较其他两种模拟体液大,并且在相同模拟体液中,随着合金中钙含量的增加,降解环境pH值上升显著;④在初始状态下,各Mg-Zn-Ca合金的弹性模量均高于Mg-Zn合金;置于模拟体液中后,随着降解时间的延长,4种合金的弹性模量均有所降低,其中在生理盐水中降低最明显;⑤结果显示,Ca加入改善了Mg-Zn合金的力学性能,少量Ca不会加快合金的降解速率,但过量Ca加快了合金的降解速率,降解过程中生理盐水模拟体液对合金力学强度的影响最显著。

Ca-Mg-Al-Si系高性能泡沫陶瓷的制备

通过对钢渣和菱镁矿配方组成的优化,采用高温发泡法制备的兼具高强度和低热导率的Ca-Mg-Al-Si系高性能泡沫陶瓷,其主要原料为红柱石与粉砂质页岩,发泡剂为碳化硅,助熔剂为锂辉石。在测试其气孔率,体积密度与抗折强度等性能的同时,也使用Micro-CT、SEM、XRD、XRF等检测手段对泡沫陶瓷进行了表征。实验结果显示:当样品中加入11 wt%钢渣,7 wt%菱镁矿时综合性能最佳,此时抗折强度为11.15 MPa,热导率为0.091W/(m·K),总气孔率为61.02%,闭口气孔率为55.30%,体积密度为0.944 g/cm^(3)。

A 1000-year record of Mg/Li and Li/Ca ratios of ostracod shells in Lake Qinghai,NE Tibetan Plateau

1 Introduction Lake Qinghai,famous as the largest inland saline lake in China,located on the high-altitude northeastern Tibetan Plateau,and four junctional zones of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),Indian summer monsoon(ISM),East Asian winter monsoon and the westerly jet stream prevail,making it sensitive to global climate change

Electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratios

The electrochemical behaviors and corrosion resistance of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratio have been investigated in details.The results show that the corrosion resistance of the investigated Mg–Y–Zn based alloys are dependent on the modified arrangement of LPSO phase by adjusting Y/Zn mole ratios.Increasing the Y/Zn mole ratio not only greatly decreases the size of LPSO phase plates,but also leads to the precipitation of Mg_(24)Y_(5) phase.The corrosion rate of Mg–Y–Zn based alloys greatly increases from 7.4 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) to 11.3 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) with increasing the Y/Zn mole ratio up to 3.It should be attributed to the decreasing size of LPSO phase plates as cathodes,further increasing the hydrogen evolution kinetics.The related corrosion mechanism is discussed in details.

Effect of Mg/Al Ratios on Hydration Mechanism of Tabular Alumina Carbon Composites Reinforced by Al4C3 in situ Reaction

Hydration mechanism of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction with Mg and Al was researched in water steam using super automatic thermostatic water bath from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. It is shown that hydration mechanism of the composites is chemical reaction control at 44.3 ℃-84 ℃ in H2O（g）. The hydration was controlled by diffusion from 24.7 ℃ to 33 ℃. The ratio of added Mg/Al influences the HMOR of the composites.The mechanism of HMOR of the composites with different ratios of Mg/Al can be discovered by means of SEM analysis. The active Mg/Al powder and flake graphite inside give the composites outstanding hot strength resulting from the interlocking structure of Al4C3 crystals at high temperature. Besides, the matrix changes into the Al4C3 with high refractoriness. The method of preventing the hydration of tabular alumina carbon composites reinforced by Al4C3 in situ reaction was immersed in the wax at suitable temperature or storing them below 33 ℃ in a dry place or storing them with paraffin-coating.

利用定向凝固方法提高Mg-0.8%Ca合金的力学性能和降解性能

研究定向凝固Mg-0.8Ca(质量分数,%)合金的力学性能以及在Hank’s溶液中的降解性能,并与普通铸造Mg-0.8Ca合金的性能进行比较。利用OM、SEM、TEM和EBSD对定向凝固合金的显微组织进行研究。结果表明,定向凝固合金具有柱状晶组织,且合金的柱状晶粒沿<1120>方向择优生长。与普通的铸造合金相比,定向凝固Mg-0.8Ca合金的强度和塑性均显著提高。同时,定向凝固Mg-0.8Ca合金在Hank’s溶液中的抗腐蚀能力也得到极大提升。合金在Hank’s溶液中主要发生微电偶腐蚀,合金的腐蚀产物包括Mg(OH)_(2)、(Ca,Mg)_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)和羟基磷灰石。定向凝固合金性能的提高主要与柱状晶组织特征及共晶的再分布有关。具有柱状树枝晶组织的定向凝固Mg-0.8Ca合金有望用作可降解生物医用材料。

Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Cu含量和Cu/Mg比对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金凝固组织是否形成Mg_(2)Si、Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)以及θ-Al_(2)Cu取决于Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比。当Cu/Mg比相对低时形成Mg_(2)Si中间相,而Cu/Mg比高时则倾向于生成Q-Al_(5)Cu_(2)Mg_(8)Si_(6)和θ-Al_(2)Cu相。当Cu/Mg比相同时,高Cu含量和高Mg含量都会促进Q相θ相的形成。通过观察T6热处理后的组织发现Cu含量以及Cu/Mg比控制了初生相的溶解以及析出相的形成,从而影响合金的强度与韧性。通过控制Cu含量及Cu/Mg比使Al-9Si-2Cu-0.5Mg合金中析出较少数量的初生相,再通过热处理析出大量的Q′强化相,使合金具有较高的强度和相对适中的伸长率。

晶粒尺寸对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Mn合金降解行为的影响

本文通过固溶工艺调控,获得第二相含量相近、晶粒尺寸不同的Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Mn合金,对具有不同晶粒尺寸的合金在Hank’s模拟体液中进行浸泡及电化学实验,通过观察降解后的合金形貌,研究并分析了晶粒尺寸对生物医用Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-0.2Mn合金降解行为的影响。通过电化学实验可知,合金晶粒尺寸越小,腐蚀电流密度越小,阻抗值越大;通过浸泡实验及对合金表面形貌的观察可知,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,合金降解速率减慢,表面腐蚀坑尺寸越小且分布越均匀,合金的耐蚀性越好。合金降解过程中晶粒尺寸是通过影响合金降解产物膜的致密度及完整性,进而影响合金的耐蚀性能,即合金的晶粒尺寸越小,表面形成的产物膜越致密和完整,溶液中的Cl-吸附于表面后不易渗透至内部,从而使合金耐蚀性得到提高。

微量Ca添加对铸造Mg-Sm-Gd基合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

主要通过透射电子显微镜、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜和拉伸测试研究微量Ca元素对Mg-Sm-Gd-Zn-Zr合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mg-Sm-Gd-Zn-Zr合金中主要第二相为Zn元素富集的Mg_(3)RE相,Ca元素添加不仅可以细化晶粒,还可以促进Mg_(5)RE相和溶质原子富集的层错形成。此外,共格界面表明Mg_(3)RE相可以作为Mg_(5)RE相的形核位点,这些均有利于合金力学性能的提高。

模拟体液环境对Mg_(66)Zn_(30)Ca_(4)非晶合金降解性能的影响

通过电化学实验、浸泡实验研究Mg_(66)Zn_(30)Ca_(4)非晶合金在模拟体液环境下的耐蚀性能。结果表明,Mg_(66)Zn_(30)Ca_(4)非晶合金在降解过程中受温度的影响会提高玻璃转变温度(Tg),增加非晶组元原子间结合力和热稳定性。且随着降解时间的延长,非晶合金内部的自由能不断湮灭,降低了原子的迁移率,提高了Mg_(66)Zn_(30)Ca_(4)非晶合金的耐蚀性能。在Hank’s溶液中浸泡后,Mg_(66)Zn_(30)Ca_(4)非晶合金表现出较为优异的耐蚀性,在合金表面易形成较致密的保护膜,延缓其在Hank’s溶液中的降解过程。