Congenital Heart Disease Referred for Surgery: Analysis and Epidemiological Description in the Cardiology Department of CHU Ignace Deen

Introduction: Congenital heart disease includes all cardiac and vascular malformations. It accounts for approximately one third of all congenital malformations and is a public health problem, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects of congenital heart disease. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study based on the records of 135 patients referred for surgery and followed up in the cardiology department of the Ignace Deen University Hospital, collected in November 2022. Results: Hospital prevalence was 5%. The mean age was 71 months, ranging from 1 month to 19 years. The age group over 24 months was the most represented (62%). The M/F sex ratio was 1.36. Urban origin was predominant (58%). The rate of children not attending school or dropping out was high (16%). Siblings with fewer than 4 children were the most common (88%). A heart murmur was the most frequent sign (78%), followed by cyanosis (36%) and heart failure (29%). The association between heart murmurs and CHD was proven with a p-value Conclusion: CHDs represent the main indication for paediatric cardiac surgery and follow-up (95%). We stress the importance of implementing a screening and management strategy for congenital heart disease.

Mortality in Cardiology in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Teaching Hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lome

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The specificities of cardiology mortality in Togo are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of deaths in the cardiology department of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital (CHU SO) in Lome. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 06 years, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021, in the cardiology department of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lome. In this study, we included all medical records of patients who died in hospital in the cardiology department during the study period. Results: During the study period, 2762 patients were hospitalized in the cardiology unit at CHU SO. We recorded 112 deaths meeting our criteria, for an intrahospital mortality rate of 4.19%. The average age of patients was 53.79 ± 18.27 years. Hypertension was present in 47.3%. Sickness insurance coverage was not available for 94.64% of those who died. The major cardiovascular diseases observed were myocardium in 43.75% whose dilated cardiomyopathy accounted for 71.42%;and rhythmic lesions in 34.82%. Biological infectious syndrome (56.25%), renal failure (48.21%), anemia (47.27%), lung infection (32.14%), hyponatremia (33.04%) were the main comorbidities observed. Among the circumstances of death, sudden death was found in 32.14%, cardiogenic shock in 20.54% and septic shock in 13.39%. Conclusion: The profile of deaths in the cardiology department of the CHU SO reveals that myocardial injuries are more present with circumstances of death dominated by sudden death.

New Year's greeting and overview of World Journal of Cardiology in 2021

On behalf of the Editorial Office of World Journal of Cardiology(WJC),we extend our sincere gratitude to our authors,readers,Editorial Board members,and peer reviewers,thanking each and every one for their contributions to WJC in 2020 and with wishes for a Happy New Year.It was the collective support of all authors,Editorial Board members,peer reviewers and staff of the Editorial Office that allowed the Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.to carry out successfully the complete peer review,editing and publishing processes for WJC in 2020.We have now analyzed the metric data of WJC's manuscripts that were submitted and published in 2020,the peer review of manuscripts in 2020,the invited manuscripts for 2021 and the Editorial Board members’composition and activities.As a global academic journal in cardiology,the findings from such will facilitate greater productivity and more efficient collaborative efforts to raise the academic rank of WJC in 2021.We enthusiastically anticipate WJC’s contributions to promote further cardiology research sharing and exchange in 2021.

End-of-life care in a cardiology department： have we improved？

Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate （DNR） order protocol. Methods ＆ Results Retrospective analysis of all deaths in a cardiology department in two periods, before and after the introduction of the protocol. Comparison of demographic characteristics, use of DNR orders, and end-of-life care issues between both periods, according to the presence in the second period of the new DNR sheet （Group A）, a conven- tional DNR order （Group B） or the absence of any DNR order （Group C）. The number of deaths was similar in both periods （n = 198 vs. n = 197）. The rate of patients dying with a DNR order increased significantly （57.1% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.02）. Only 4% of patients in both periods were aware of the decision taken about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients in Group A received the DNR order one day earlier, and 24.5% received it within the first 24 h of admission （vs. 2.6% in the first period; P 〈 0.001）. All patients in Group A with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator （ICD） had shock therapies deactivated （vs. 25.0% in the first period; P = 0.02）. Conclusions The introduction of a DNR order protocol may improve end-of-life care in cardiac patients by increasing the use and shortening the time of registration of DNR orders. It may also contribute to increase ICD deactivation in patients with these orders in place. However, the introduction of the sheet in late stages of the disease failed to improve patient participation.

New challenges of geriatric cardiology： from clinical to preclinical research

The field of geriatric cardiology reflects the evolving medical approaches tailored to address the needs of the growing population of oldest old with cardiovascular diseases （CVD）. The burden of CVD is expected to increase particularly for the most common types of chronic heart disease of the elderly including coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In this context of dramatic demographic changes, geriatric cardiologists are facing important challenges. In this review, we outline the basic concepts of geriatric cardiology and describe these challenges as well as the unmet needs around this discipline with also a focus on the translation from basic research.

Advances in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology over the course of a decade

The Journal of Geriatric Cardiology(JGC,ISSN 1671-5141/CN 11-5329/R)is a monthly,open-access,international,and peer-reviewed journal sponsored and published by the Institute of Geriatric Cardiology affiliated with Chinese PLA General Hospital.It was created in 2004 by Prof.Shi-Wen WANG,and as the current editor-in-chief,Prof.Yun-Dai CHEN has been involved in JGC for eight years and has achieved impressive advancements.

Role of induced pluripotent stem cells in diagnostic cardiology

Ethical concerns about stem cell-based research have delayed important advances in many areas of medicine,including cardiology.The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has supplanted the need to use human stem cells for most purposes,thus eliminating all ethical controversies.Since then,many new avenues have been opened in cardiology research,not only in approaches to tissue replacement but also in the design and testing of antiarrhythmic drugs.This methodology has advanced to the point where induced human cardiomyocyte cell lines can now also be obtained from commercial sources or tissue banks.Initial studies with readily available iPSCs have generally confirmed that their behavioral characteristics accurately predict the behavior of beating cardiomyocytes in vivo.As a result,iPSCs can provide new ways to study arrhythmias and heart disease in general,accelerating the development of new,more effective antiarrhythmic drugs,clinical diagnoses,and personalized medical care.The focus on producing cardiomyocytes that can be used to replace damaged heart tissue has somewhat diverted interest in a host of other applications.This manuscript is intended to provide non-specialists with a brief introduction and overview of the research carried out in the field of heart rhythm disorders.

浅谈Macbeth引文的不译和Cardiology的胡译

职称评定的医学英语英译中考试中,三位妇产科高年资主治医师不识 Macbeth引文避而不译;四部著名英汉词典不以Cardiology为“心脏病学”,一致以为是“心病学”,终成胡译。笔者十年前有言:“一个医生丢弃日常英语和文学英语或者一个不是医生只凭着日常英语和文学英语要真的去掌握医学英语,都是很困难的,甚至是不可能的。”三位主治医师的不译属于前者;四部英汉词典的胡译属于后者。

Pulmonary Embolism in Hospitalization in the Department of Cardiology of Gabriel Toure University Hospital

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and Para clinical characteristics in patients hospitalized for pulmonary embolism in the cardiology department of Gabriel Toure University Hospital. Methodology: It was a retrospective and descriptive study from January 2011 to December 2014 and involved all patients hospitalized during the study period. Results: The study included 21 patients out of 1738 hospitalized patients, with a prevalence of 1.21%. The mean age was 38.57 years with extreme ages of 18 and 64 years. The sex ratio was 0.40. Risk factors found in the study were oral contraception (19.05%), overweight (19.05%), smoking (14.28%), HIV (4.76%) and heart failure (4, 76%). 61.90% (n = 13) had isolated pulmonary embolism, 38.09% (n = 8) had venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism association. Through the chest angio-CT, 28.57% of obstructions were located at the left branch of the pulmonary artery, 9.52% at the right branch and 61.90% were bilateral obstructions. Four deaths were recorded, all in a context of massive pulmonary embolism, with a fatality rate of 19.05%. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism is a serious and common disease, often difficult to diagnose. It is a cardiovascular emergency and requires immediate and adequate care.

Value of Psychosomatic Nursing in Rehabilitation of Cardiology Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

[Objectives]To explore the effect of psychosomatic nursing on the daily living ability and psychosomatic state rehabilitation of cardiology patients with coronary heart disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). [Methods] 512 patients with coronary heart disease treated with PCI in the Cardiology Department of Taihe Hospital,Hubei University of Medicine from August 2015 to August 2018were given psychosomatic holistic nursing. Before and after the intervention,the improvement of the patients’ daily living ability,psychosomatic status and social support was analyzed by using the Barthel index of activities of daily living (ADL) scale,self-rating scale of 90 symptoms (SCL-90),and social support rating scale (SSRS). [Results]Before nursing intervention,the proportion of patients with grade Ⅰ objective score (26.56%) was lower than that of patients with grade Ⅰ subjective score (48.63%),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05);the proportion of patients with grade Ⅱ objective score (70.11%) was higher than that of patients with grade Ⅱ subjective score (47.27%),and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). After the intervention,there was no significant difference between the distribution of the subjective score and the objective score (P > 0.05). After nursing intervention,the SCL-90 total score,number of positive items,average score of positive items,physical factor,forcing factor,depression factor,anxiety factor,interpersonal factor and hostile factor score significantly dropped,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05);the SSRS total score,objective support,subjective support and support utilization score significantly rose,and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). [Conclusions]Psychosomatic nursing for cardiology patients with coronary heart disease treated with PCI can effectively improve the patients’ ADL score,reduce the SCL-90 score,improve their social support,be beneficial to patients’ recovery,and improve their prognosis.

Application Effect of Clinical Pathway Teaching Method in Clinical Teaching of Cardiology

Objective:To study the clinical effect of applying clinical pathway teaching method in clinica1 teaching of cardiology.Methods:This paper verifies and calculates that 50 interns working in cardiology department in our hospita1 from October 2016 to October 2019 are divided into groups and comparea in the form of double-blind method.1he rererence group(n=25)uses traditional teachingmethods,and the experimental group(n=25)uses clinical pathway teaching method.The satisfaction degree,teaching quality,theoretical assessment results,operation assessment and comprehensive assessment results of interns in the experimental group and the reference group are compared.Results:The satisfaction degree,theoretical examination result,operation examinationt comprehensive examination result,improvement of team spirit,professiona1 quality,improvemen of professional ethics,standardized diagnosis and treatment,improvement of clinical problem handling ability,stimulation of learning interest and cultivation of clinical thinking of the interns in the experimental group were compared with those of the reference group(P<0.05),showing the value of statistica1 comparison and demonstration between data indexes.Conclusion:The application of clinical path-teaching method in clinical teaching of cardiology can improve the clinical teaching effect and teaching quality.

Current applications of big data and machine learning in cardiology

Machine learning (ML) is a software solution with the ability of making predictions without prior explicit programming, aiding in the analysis of large amounts of data. These algorithms can be trained through supervised or unsupervised learning. Cardiology is one of the fields of medicine with the highest interest in its applications. They can facilitate every step of patient care, reducing the margin of error and contributing to precision medicine. In particular, ML has been proposed for cardiac imaging applications such as automated computation of scores, differentiation of prognostic phenotypes, quantification of heart function and segmentation of the heart. These tools have also demonstrated the capability of performing early and accurate detection of anomalies in electrocardiographic exams. ML algorithms can also contribute to cardiovascular risk assessment in different settings and perform predictions of cardiovascular events. Another interesting research avenue in this field is represented by genomic assessment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, ML could aid in making earlier diagnosis of disease, develop patient-tailored therapies and identify predictive characteristics in different pathologic conditions, leading to precision cardiology.

What is the purpose of launching World Journal of Cardiology?

The first issue of World Journal of Cardiology (WJC), whose preparatory work was initiated on December 13, 2009, will be published on December 31, 2009. The WJC Editorial Board has now been established and consists of 298 distinguished experts from 40 countries. Our purpose of launching WJC is to publish peer-reviewed, high-quality articles via an open-access online publishing model, thereby acting as a platform for communication between peers and the wider public, and maximizing the benefits to editorial board members, authors and readers

Cardiology without borders

Cardiovascular disease takes place in a border-free world. The challenge at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and anywhere else in the world is to hold patient care above the artificial barriers raised by geopolitical issues. Fundamentally, the goal of ACC members or of any cardiology societies in the world is to provide excellent patient care. Cardiovascular disease is essentially the same throughout the world. Where there are minor variations among individuals, as clinicians we find priceless opportunity to learn. Expanding- rather contracting -our experience base helps us as individuals to realize our best potential as practitioners.

The frontiers of nuclear cardiology research

Heart disease is the leading cause of death. Each year in the United States, more than 500,000 men and women die from coronary artery disease （CAD）. CAD results from the narrowing of blood vessels that sup- ply the heart. The blood vessels become narrow when fatty deposits build up inside the arterial wall. When the arteries become clogged, the blood flow to the myocardium is impaired and a heart attack can occur. Nuclear cardiology studies use noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial blood flow.

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Cardiology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Cardiology. The editors

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Cardiology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Cardiology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles (including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue) during the last editing time period.

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Cardiology

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Cardiology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles(including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue)during the last editing time period.