Characteristics and control factors of feldspar dissolution in gravity flow sandstone of Chang 7 Member,Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

To clarify the formation and distribution of feldspar dissolution pores and predict the distribution of high-quality reservoir in gravity flow sandstone of the 7^(th) member of Triassic Yanchang Formation(Chang 7 Member)in the Ordos Basin,thin sections,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis,X-ray diffraction whole rock analysis,and dissolution experiments are employed in this study to investigate the characteristics and control factors of feldspar dissolution pores.The results show that:(1)Three types of diagenetic processes are observed in the feldspar of Chang 7 sandstone in the study area:secondary overgrowth of feldspar,replacement by clay and calcite,and dissolution of detrital feldspar.(2)The feldspar dissolution of Chang 7 tight sandstone is caused by organic acid,and is further affected by the type of feldspar,the degree of early feldspar alteration,and the buffering effect of mica debris on organic acid.(3)Feldspars have varying degrees of dissolution.Potassium feldspar is more susceptible to dissolution than plagioclase.Among potassium feldspar,orthoclase is more soluble than microcline,and unaltered feldspar is more soluble than early kaolinized or sericitized feldspar.(4)The dissolution experiment demonstrated that the presence of mica can hinder the dissolution of feldspar.Mica of the same mass has a significantly stronger capacity to consume organic acids than feldspar.(5)Dissolution pores in feldspar of Chang 7 Member are more abundant in areas with low mica content,and they improve the reservoir physical properties,while in areas with high mica content,the number of feldspar dissolution pores decreases significantly.

The petrological characteristics and signif icance of organic-rich shale in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation,south margin of the Ordos basin,central China

The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member is the most important source rock in the Ordos basin.The sedimentary environment and the controlling factors of organic matter enrichment,however,are still in contention.In this investigation,the Yishicun outcrop,located on the south margin of the Ordos basin,has been considered for the study.X-ray diffraction,polarizing microscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence(CL)were used to investigate the petrological features of the organic-rich shale.The content of volcanic ash and the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals were measured to illustrate the relationship between oxygen level,ash content and the enrichment of organic matter.It has been found that the diameter of pyrite framboid pseudocrystals has a strong correlation with the total organic carbon,demonstrating that the redox status degree of the water column has a positive impact on the enrichment of organic matter.Additionally,with an increase in the ash content,the content of organic matter increased at first and then decreased,and reached a maximum when the ash content was about 6%,illustrating that the ash input has a double effect on the enrichment of organic matter.

Discovery and identification of clay-sized tuffaceous rocks in Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China

This study for the first time demonstrates that some of the so-called clay-sized mudstones observed by the naked eye,such as clay-sized black mudstones and clay-sized oil shales,which are rich in black organic matter(including oil and asphaltene),in the Chang 73 Submember of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China are actually clay-sized tuffaceous rocks(including tuff,sedimentary tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rock)with high hydrocarbon generation capacities.Thus,these rocks can be defined as clay-sized tuffaceous source rocks.Identification of this lithology has important theoretical and practical significance for the exploration and development of shale oil in the Chang 7 Member.Through the macroscopic observation of drill cores and outcrop profiles,microscopic observation of electron probe thin sections and whole-rock inorganic geochemical analysis(including major,trace and rare earth elements),this work demonstrates that the organic matter-rich clay-sized tuffaceous rocks,especially clay-sized tuffs,have the following characteristics.First,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks with little black organic matter are mainly greyish white,yellowish brown and purplish grey,and mixed colors occur in areas with strong bentonite lithification.Second,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks have experienced strong devitrification and recrystallization,forming abundant flaky aluminosilicate minerals with directional arrangement.In thin sections under a polarizing microscope,the interference colors generally show regular alternation between the lowest interference color of first-order yellow and the highest interference color of second-order blue-green.Third,the rock samples plot in the igneous rock field in the TiO2-SiO2 cross-plot and exhibit similar trace element and rare earth element patterns on spider diagrams,indicating that the samples are derived from the same source.The results prove that clay-sized tuffaceous rocks may be widespread in the Chang 73 Submember of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,China.

Oderly accumulation theory of shale system petroleum resource and its prospecting significance-A case study of Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin

1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.

Geological characteristics and exploration of shale oil in Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

A set of shale-dominated source rocks series were deposited during the heyday of lake basin development in the Member 7 of Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,and the thickness is about 110 m.Aimed at whether this layer can form large-scale oil enrichment of industrial value,comprehensive geological research and exploration practice have been carried out for years and obtained the following important geologic findings.Firstly,widely distributed black shale and dark mudstone with an average organic matter abundance of 13.81%and 3.74%,respectively,lay solid material foundation for the formation of shale oil.Secondly,sandy rocks sandwiched in thick organic-rich shale formations constitute an oil-rich"sweet spot",the average thickness of thin sandstone is 3.5 m.Thirdly,fine-grained sandstone and siltstone reservoirs have mainly small pores of 2–8μm and throats of 20–150 nm in radius,but with a large number of micro-pores and nano-throats,through fracturing,the reservoirs can provide good conductivity for the fluid in it.Fourthly,continued high-intensity hydrocarbon generation led to a pressure difference between the source rock and thin-layer reservoir of up to 8–16 MPa during geological history,driven by the high pressure,the oil charged into the reservoirs in large area,with oil saturation reaching more than 70%.Under the guidance of the above theory,in 2019,the Qingcheng Oilfield with geologic oil reserves of billion ton order was proved in the classⅠmulti-stage superimposed sandstone shale reservoir of Chang 7 Member by the Changqing Oilfield Branch through implementation of overall exploration and horizontal well volume fracturing.Two risk exploration horizontal wells were deployed for the classⅡthick layer mud shale interbedded with thin layers of silt-and fine-sandstones reservoir in the Chang 73 submember,and they were tested high yield oil flows of more than 100 tons per day,marking major breakthroughs in petroleum exploration in classⅠshale reservoirs.The new discoveries have expanded the domain of unconventional petroleum exploration.

Black shale formation enviro nment and its control on shale oil enrichment in Triassic Chang 7 Member,Ordos Basin,NW China

Based on geochemical analysis results of core samples from the Triassic Chang 7 Member of Well Feng 75 drilled in the northwest margin of Ordos Basin,combined with geological characteristics of this region,the formation environment of the black shale and its control on shale oil enrichment are comprehensively studied.From the Chang 73 to Chang 71 Sub-members,the black shale have organic carbon contents decreasing from 5.70%to 3.55%,hydrogen indexes decreasing from 345 mg/g to 269 mg/g,while the oxygen indexes increasing gradually from 6 mg/g to 29 mg/g,indicating that the sedimentary environment during the depositional period of Chang 72 and Chang 73 Sub-members was anoxic.Biomarkers in the black shale change regu-larly,and have an obvious“inflection point”at the depth of 2753–2777 m in the Chang 73 Sub-member,indicating that the input of terrigenous organic matter increased.However,there is a negative drift about 2%of organic carbon isotopic composition near the“inflection point”,which is in conflict with the results of biomarker compounds.This is because the extreme thermal and anoxic events caused by continental volcanic activity in the ancient Qinling region caused negative drift of carbon isotopic composition of the black shale in the Ordos Basin.The volcanic activity caused rise of temperature,polluted air,extreme weathers,more floods and thus more input of terrigenous organic matter,and gave rise to extremely anoxic environment con-ducive to the preservation of organic matter.Terrigenous organic matter is more conducive to the formation of light oil than aquatic organic matter,so these sections in Yanchang Formation are major“sweet spots”for shale oil enrichment.

Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,China

To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin,the petrology,microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections,fluid inclusions,trace elements and isotopic geochemistry.The source,the time of formation,the mechanism of formation,and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed.The veins are mostly made up of calcite,mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions.Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals:fibrous,rhombic cleavage,and wedge-like structure.Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid.It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic.The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus.The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation.In this way,the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.

Sedimentary and geochemical characteristics of the Triassic Chang 7 Member shale in the Southeastern Ordos Basin,Central China

The Ordos Basin is the largest petroliferous basin in China, where the Chang 7 Member shale serves as the major source rock in the basin, with an area of more than 100,000 km^2 So far, sedimentary and geochemical characterizations have rarely been conducted on the shale in shallow(< 1000 m) areas in the southeastern part of the basin, but such characterizations can help identify the genesis of organic-rich shale and promote the prediction and recovery of shale oil. In this paper,several outcrop sections of the Chang 7 Member in the Tongchuan area were observed and sampled, and sedimentary and geochemical characterizations were conducted for the well-outcropped YSC section. The study results show that the Chang7 Member shale is widely distributed laterally with variable thickness. The organic-rich shale is 7-25 m thick in total and exhibits obvious horizontal variation in mineral composition. In the eastern sections, the shale contains organic matter of TypeⅡ_2-Ⅲ and is low in thermal maturity, with high clay mineral content, low K-feldspar content, and no pyrite. In the western sections, the shale contains Type Ⅱ_1 organic matter and is low in thermal maturity, with high clay mineral, K-feldspar, and pyrite contents. The YSC section reveals three obvious intervals in vertical mineral composition and organic abundance.The Chang 7 Member organic-rich shale(TOC > 10%) contains mainly sapropelite and liptinite, with Type Ⅱ kerogen. It is generally characterized by a hydrocarbon potential of more than 70 mg/g, low maturity, and shallow-semideep lacustrine facies. In the western sections, the shale, still in a low maturity stage, has a higher hydrocarbon potential and is optional for shale oil recovery. However, the Chang 7 Member shale in the study area is highly heterogeneous and its shale oil recovery is practical only in the organic-rich intervals.

Paleo-sedimentary environmental restoration and its significance of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China

Paleo-sedimentary environment of Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, including the paleoclimate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions were restored through geochemical elements analysis of 289 samples collected from the outcrop sections around and wells drilled in the basin and using a series of identification indexes of paleo-climate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions, such as CaO/MgO?Al2 O3, Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr, Rb/K2 O, Th/U, V/(V+Ni), the content of element B tested from the mudstone. Comprehensive analysis shows that in sedimentary period of the Chang 7, the paleo-climate was warm temperate to subtropical climate with temperature higher than 15 ?C, the water body was continental brackish water to freshwater, and the sediments were deposited under strong reduction conditions. Suitable temperature, extensively deep lake basin and strongly reductive paleo-sedimentary environment led to the blooming, enrichment and preservation of organic matter in the submember Chang 73. As a result, a set of high-quality source rock was formed, laying material foundation for large-scale accumulation of shale oil.

High-precision Dating and Geological Significance of Chang 7 Tuff Zircon of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin in Central China

The Ordos Basin, as the second largest petroliferous basin of China, contains abundant oil and gas resources, oil shale, and sandstone-type uranium mineral resources. Chang 7 shale is not only the major source rock of the Mesozoic petroliferous system of the Basin, but is also crucial in determining the space-time distribution relationship of the shale section for the effective exploration and development of the Basin's oil and gas resources. To obtain a highly precise age of the shale development section, we collected tuff samples from the top and bottom profile of the Chang 7 Member, Yishi Village, Yaoqu Town, Tongchuan District, on the southern margin of the Ordos Basin and performed high-precision chemical abrasion(CA)–isotope dilution(ID)–thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS) zircon U-Pb dating on the basis of extensive laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating data. Our results show the precise ages of the top and bottom zircon in the Chang 7 shale to be 241.06±0.12 Ma and 241.558±0.093 Ma, respectively. We first obtained Chang 7 age data with Grade 0.1-Ma precision and then determined the age of the shale development in the Chang 7 Member to be the early-Middle Triassic Ladinian. This result is supported by paleontological evidence. The deposition duration of the Chang 7 shale is 0.5 Ma with an average deposition rate of the shale section being 5.3 cm/ka. Our research results provide time scale and basic data for further investigation of the basin–mountain coupling relation of the shale section, the sedimentary environment and volcanic ash and organic-matter-rich shale development relation, and the organism break-out and organic-matter enrichment mechanism.

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段重力流砂岩长石溶蚀特征及控制因素

基于岩心薄片、扫描电镜、能谱分析、X射线衍射全岩分析及溶蚀实验,研究鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(简称长7段)重力流砂岩中长石溶孔发育特征及控制因素,明确长石溶孔的形成与分布,为预测优质储集层分布提供依据。研究表明:(1)研究区长7段砂岩中的长石经历3类成岩作用:长石次生加大、黏土以及方解石的交代、长石碎屑的溶蚀作用。(2)长7段致密砂岩中的长石溶蚀主要源于有机酸溶蚀,此外还受长石类型、长石早期蚀变程度以及砂岩中云母碎屑对有机酸的缓冲作用影响。(3)不同长石的溶蚀程度不同,表现为钾长石较斜长石易溶蚀,钾长石中正长石较微斜长石易溶,未蚀变的长石较早期高岭土或绢云母化的长石易溶蚀。(4)溶蚀实验显示云母的存在会抑制长石溶蚀,相同质量的云母对有机酸的消耗能力明显强于长石。(5)在云母含量低的情况下,长7段砂岩长石溶孔较为发育,储集层物性得以改善,而云母含量较高的地区长石溶孔则明显减少。

Organic matter pores in the chang 7 lacustrine shales from the Ordos Basin and its effect on reflectance measurement

To quantify the pore characteristics of various macerals in Chang 7 lacustrine shales,macerals were effectively identified according to their optical and morphological characteristics,and the nanoscale pore structure of macerals was observed by scanning electron microscope.Meanwhile,the reflectances of different positions in the same pieces of vitrinite or solid bitumen with heterogeneous pores development were measured.The results showed that the average contents of sapropelinite,liptinite,vitrinite,inertinite and solid bitumen are 42.7%,8.7%,13.6%,13.8% and 21.2%,respectively,which suggests that the source of the organic matter of the Chang 7 shales is a mixed source input.The organic pores of Chang 7 shales are enriched,and the pore shapes are mostly round or elliptical.The pore size of organic pores has a wide distribution,mainly concentrate in the range of 100-400 nm,and the average plane porosity of organic pores is 10.13%.The size order of the organic pores in various macerals is:solid bitumen<bituminite<alginite<vitrinite<fusinite<liptinite.The abundance order of organic matter pores of each maceral is as follows:alginite>fusinite>bituminite>solid bitumen>vitrinite>liptinite.OM pores are mainly contributed by bituminite,solid bitumen and fusinite.The plane porosity of bituminite increases with maturity.In the process of thermal evolution,the plane porosity of fusinite is distributed in the two ranges of 20%-28% and 1%-7%.The former is mainly the primary pores of the fusinite itself,and the latter is the secondary pores formed in the thermal evolution.As for the organic pores of other macerals,no obvious thermal evolution law was found.Meanwhile,the surface imperfections of vitrinite or solid bitumen is enhanced by the enrichment of organic pores(an increase in pore size or pore number),which may result in the underestimation of their reflectances.

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段页岩气储层特征及其勘探开发前景

鄂尔多斯盆地作为我国的第二大沉积盆地,油气勘探潜力巨大。盆地内三叠系延长组7段富有机质烃源岩发育广泛,分布范围达(4~5)×10^(4) km^(2)。该套烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ_(1)型,R_(o)主要分布在0.9%~1.2%之间,处于热演化成熟阶段,滞留烃含量大,为大规模页岩油气藏的发育奠定了重要物质基础。长7_(3)亚段富有机质泥页岩层段虽具备良好的含气性,但却缺乏深入的含气特征系统分析。以盆地西缘南段地区为例,利用岩石地球化学、有机地球化学、同位素分析等多种分析手段,查明了该区三叠系延长组长7段烃源岩储层地质及地球化学特征,分析了长7段页岩含气性特征、页岩气赋存状态,初步计算了长7段页岩气资源量。研究区内三叠系延长组长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩含气性良好,其组成以页岩油溶解气为主,含少量干酪根黏土矿物吸附气及游离气,计算平均解吸气量为1.91 m^(3)/t。长7_(3)亚段赋存页岩油、气资源,二者资源量相当,在后期勘探开发研究中建议考虑油气并举的可能性。湖盆中部厚层长7段黑色页岩发育区含气量达2 m^(3)/t,储层刚性矿物及微孔裂隙发育,含气丰度高,资源量大,为页岩气有利勘探区域。初步计算长7页岩气总资源量约为4.25×10^(12) m^(3),具有良好的勘探前景,勘探有利地区为姬塬—固城—正宁一带。

Microfacies and diagenetic alteration in a semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale: The Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China

The mineralogical development and diagenetic sequence of lacustrine shales in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin are detailed studied.A model of their depositional system and a diagenetic diagram are proposed in this study.Through detailed petrographic,mineralogical,and elemental analyses,four distinct shale types are identified:argillaceous shale,siliceous shale,calcareous shale,and carbonate,clay,and silt-bearing shale.The main diagenetic process in argillaceous shale is the transformation of illite to smectite,negatively impacting shale porosity.Siliceous shale undergoes carbonate cementation and quartz dissolution,contributing to increased porosity,particularly in mesopores.Calcareous shale experiences diagenesis characterised by carbonate formation and dissolution,with a prevalence of siderite.In carbonate,clay,and silt-bearing shale,the dissolution of K-feldspar contributes to illitization of kaolinite.Argillaceous shale,characterised by more clay minerals and lower mesopore volume,is identified as a potential hydrocarbon seal.Siliceous shale,with the highest pore volume and abundant inter-mineral pores,emerges as a promising shale oil reservoir.These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of shale properties,aiding in the prediction of shale oil exploration potential in the studied area.

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组长7页岩油特征及其主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系延长组长7页岩段具有埋深浅、油质轻、油井产能变化大、资源潜力大的特点,明确油藏的富集主控因素是进行高效勘探的关键。根据富县地区长7页岩段铸体薄片、物性、扫描电镜等测试分析结果,结合岩心、测井、地震等资料,对该区长7段地层特征进行了研究,并对其主控因素展开讨论。研究区长7段广泛发育灰色—深灰色—灰黑色烃源岩,其岩性为泥岩和泥页岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ—Ⅱ_(2)型,源岩的镜质体反射率(R_(o))值为0.81%~1.1%,生烃能力强。砂岩储层以细粒长石砂岩为主,孔隙类型以粒内孔、残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔隙和原生粒间孔为主;储层致密,孔隙度主要分布在2.0%~16.0%之间,渗透率主要分布在(0.01~1.20)×10^(-3)μm^(2)之间。砂岩夹层的物性以及距离断裂的远近影响储层的含油性:储层粒度越粗、物性越好,含油气性也越好。储层物性受控于两方面因素:一是沉积微相,水下分流河道微相物性最好,河口坝微相次之;二是成岩作用,早成岩期绿泥石强胶结及方解石弱胶结有助于物性甜点的形成。断层的发育和断层性质对富县地区长7页岩油的富集至关重要。统计发现,当断层断距超过10 m且井筒距断裂在1 km以内时,难以获得工业油流;当断距小于7 m且井筒距离大断裂超过1 km以上时,容易获得工业油流。

鄂尔多斯盆地志靖—安塞地区延长组7段致密砂岩微观孔隙结构评价

储层微观孔隙结构的研究对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。本文采用氮气吸附、铸体薄片观察、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、X射线衍射(XRD)和核磁共振等实验手段研究志靖—安塞地区延长组7段致密砂岩的微观孔隙结构,计算孔隙结构参数,观察微孔分布,分析微孔隙类型,探讨并分析影响微孔发育的矿物成分、粒度及分选等相关参数。结果表明:研究区长7段的岩性主要为长石砂岩;致密砂岩微孔隙结构复杂,主要以黏土粒间溶孔、长石溶孔等形式存在;长7段主要发育小孔喉,微孔体积平均值为6.19×10^(-3)mL/g,孔隙发育差;长7油层组砂岩样品中,长7段的BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)比表面积平均值为4.252 m^(2)/g,总孔体积平均值为0.0183 mL/g,最大孔径平均值为185.9 nm;砂岩孔隙以介孔为主,宏孔和微孔次之。

鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区三叠系长7段致密油分布特征及控制因素

综合利用地球化学、扫描电镜、岩心薄片、测井等资料以及油井生产数据等,对鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区三叠系延长组7段储层特征、烃源岩特征和致密油分布特征进行了分析,从烃源岩展布、输导体系和源-储组合关系3个方面对致密油差异富集控制因素进行了探讨,并总结了成藏模式。研究结果表明:(1)陕北地区长7段致密砂岩储层主要分布在一亚段(长71)和二亚段(长72),以灰色—灰白色长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,长71和长72平均孔隙度分别为5.56%和7.32%,平均渗透率分别为0.097 m D和0.110 m D,长72储层物性更好;孔隙空间以溶孔为主,发育少量粒间孔。(2)研究区烃类主要来源于本地长72顶部和长73这2套烃源岩,平均厚度大于20 m,有机质丰度高,平均TOC值为3.02%,干酪根类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主,处于生烃高峰期,平均生烃量为270.2×10^(4)t/km^(2),长73烃源岩生烃潜力更大,供烃至长72储层,长71致密油来源于长72烃源岩;新安边地区三角洲前缘亚相末端的长72储层中致密油由湖盆烃源岩侧向供烃。(3)研究区致密油富集受烃源岩展布、砂体连通性以及源-储组合共同控制,在长72更富集,在新安边地区分布面积最大,安塞地区无大规模致密油聚集;纵向上和平面上致密油的聚集差异受控于烃源岩厚度和源-储组合关系,下生上储、上下生油而中间储集和砂泥互层时含油性更好;新安边地区三角洲前缘亚相末端的长72致密油聚集规模大于三角洲前缘主体,是由于三角洲前缘末端发育的局部连通砂体阻碍了湖盆烃类物质的侧向运移。(4)研究区致密油为“源控-砂控”成藏模式,远源河道优势砂体尖灭处和近源局部连通的砂体是有利勘探区。

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层特征及主控因素

运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X射线衍射、电子探针、阴极发光、高压压汞、物性测试等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部合水地区三叠系延长组长7段夹层型页岩油储层特征及储层致密化主控因素进行了研究,建立了储层定量评价标准,并预测出有利储层分布。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层主要为岩屑长石砂岩与长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度低、填隙物含量高、孔喉结构复杂,具有高孔低渗特征。(2)胶结作用是研究区长7段夹层型页岩油储层致密化的主控因素,储层平均视胶结率为86.3%,达到强胶结程度,以自生黏土矿物中的伊利石胶结为主;压实作用对储层致密化起次要作用,储层平均视压实率为46.0%,为中等压实程度;溶蚀作用降低了储层的致密化程度,但储层渗流能力较低,酸性流体难以大规模溶蚀,平均视溶蚀率仅为13.8%,为弱溶蚀程度。(3)受中等压实—弱溶蚀—强胶结成岩作用的影响,储层非均质性较强,成岩系数差异较大。Ⅰ类储层成岩系数大于2.4,Ⅱ1类储层成岩系数为1.8~2.4,Ⅱ2类储层成岩系数为1.2~<1.8,Ⅲ类储层成岩系数小于1.2,Ⅰ类与Ⅱ1类储层为有利储层。区域上中部混源区有利储层发育规模最大,是勘探的主要目标区。

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地东南部长7段页岩油气富集主控因素,综合钻井、测井、岩心分析化验等资料,对研究区长7段页岩油气富集程度及其机理进行研究。页岩解析气量与烃源岩总有机碳含量呈正比,有机质含量控制页岩油气的总含量,有机质发育大量孔隙,页岩油气以吸附态和游离态赋存于有机孔隙中。储集层孔隙结构和孔隙度影响页岩油气的含量及赋存状态,吸附油气主要赋存于微孔中,游离油气主要赋存于中孔和大孔中,但中孔中游离气含量高于大孔,而孔隙度越大,页岩中油气绝对含量越高。砂岩夹层和富有机质页岩的配置关系控制着页岩油气的富集部位,根据粉砂岩、细砂岩与页岩的关系,延长组长7段页岩油气可划分为近源和源内2类,源内又可分为砂岩与页岩互层型、页岩夹砂岩型和页岩型;下伏于富有机质页岩中的砂体和透镜状砂体油气含量最高,其次是上覆于富有机质页岩的砂体和呈舌状或指状与富有机质页岩接触的砂体。

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部HQ地区长7段烃源岩地球化学特征与长8段原油来源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部HQ地区是玉门油田的流转区块,是增储上产的重要勘探新区,受多期构造运动影响,油气来源备受争议。本文选取上三叠统延长组长7不同亚段泥页岩和长8段原油样品,采用总有机碳测定、岩石热解、显微组分、饱和烃气相色谱-质谱等实验分析方法,对选取的样品的地球化学特征进行研究,结合谱系聚类、多维标度、主成分分析进行油源对比,并从烃源岩有效性和油气成藏条件对油源对比结果进行合理性探讨。结果表明,(1)研究区东部长7段烃源岩总体为好-优质烃源岩级别,西部长7段烃源岩为中等-好烃源岩级别;东部长7段烃源岩以Ⅰ-Ⅱ_(1)型干酪根为主,西部长7段烃源岩以Ⅱ_(1)-Ⅱ_(2)型干酪根为主;长7段烃源岩有机质热演化程度总体上处于成熟阶段;(2)HQ东部地区长8段原油由本地长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩供烃,西部长8段原油由本地长7_(3)亚段深灰色泥岩与东部长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩混合供烃;(3)长7_(3)亚段黑色页岩有机碳含量高,为优质排烃源岩;长7_(3)亚段深灰色泥岩有机碳含量较高,可作为有效排烃源岩。晚侏罗世为长8段油藏第I期油气成藏期,此时东部烃源岩生成的低熟油主要向着研究区西部的构造高部位运移;早白垩世末期研究区西部烃源岩达到成熟,西部烃源岩生成的原油对本地长8油藏供烃。研究成果对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘进一步油气勘探具有理论指导意义。