Does Green Food Certification promote agri-food export quality?Evidence from China

The construction of a food certification system plays a vital role in upgrading export quality, which previous studies have largely overlooked. We match China's industry-level data of Green Food Certification with its HS6-digit export data of agri-food products to quantify the impact of Green Food Certification on export quality. We identify the significant and positive effect of Green Food Certification on export quality. The 2SLS estimation based on instrumental variables and a range of robustness checks confirm the validity and robustness of the benchmark conclusions. Further analysis discloses that Green Food Certification improves export quality by raising agricultural production efficiency and brand premiums. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of Green Food Certification varies across regions, notably improving the quality of agri-food products exported to developed regions and regions with high levels of import supervision. Furthermore, among various product types, Green Food Certification significantly improves the export quality of primary products and products vulnerable to non-tariff measures. The above findings could guide the future development of agri-food quality certification systems, potentially leading to a transformation and promotion of the agri-food trade.

Factor input structure,environmental policies,and the export quality upgrade:a perspective of heterogeneity

In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.

Export Competition Between China and Other Asian Economies： Vying for Quantity, Quality or Variety？

China and some other Asian economies are the main providers of manufactured goods to the world. Similar geographical distribution, endowment structure and level of economic development mean that there is ferce competition among Asian economies in the international market. In an effort to understand thoroughly the model of export competition of Asian economies, this paper breaks the trade flow data into the quantity, variety and quality. The main conclusions are as follows： First, the export competition of the Asian economies takes place at the several levels of quantity, quality and variety, and the competitive advantage of different countries and regions lies in different aspect,＂ second, the variety and quality of exports are closely related to the economic development level; third, there are strong trade ties among the Asian economies competing in the world commodity market;fourth, bigger countries export more produets in terms of quantity;fifth, the change from quantity competition to quality and variety competition is the only way for China to achieve sustainable export growth.

Quality Guaranteed for Export and Import Commodities

Our commodity inspection departments have been focusing their efforts on upgrading their testing and inspection to ensure the high quality of import and export commodities. Thus they have achieved progress and breakthroughs in all aspects of their work and safeguarded China’s rights and interests and its foreign trade reputation. According to statistics, some 1.888 million batches of import and export commodities were inspected in 1996, worth us$91.82 billion——19.95 percent and 16.20 percent increase respectively over the previous year. Of these, export commodities accounted for 1.

China Import and Export Commodity Quality Certificate Centre (CQC)

The CQC is an independent and impartial quality certificate organization with third party status established by the State Import and Export Commodity Inspection Administration (SCIA) in accordance with the Law of Commodity Inspection and granted its duties and obligations by the State Council.The main aspects of its duties and obligations include: implementing the certification of import commodity safety and quality; the certification of the quality control system and the

Import and Export Quality Guaranteed for the Steady Development of Foreign Trade

Under the good situation of the reform and opening to the outside world, the rapid development of foreign economic and trade has resulted in enhancing the inspection work of import and export commodities in China. The commodity inspection organs at all level adhere to the work policy of guaranteeing quality and offering better service, making import and export commodity quality as their central task. They strictly implement national laws and regulations to serve commodity inspection and management, thus achieving great success.

Driving Force of China's Agricultural Exports to Japan

Japan is the largest export destination for Chinese agricultural products. The export status to Japan is directly related to the overall trend of China's agricultural exports. Based on the HS9-coded agricultural product trade data of the Japanese Ministry of Finance in 2001-2017,using the ternary marginal analysis method,the driving force of China's agricultural exports to Japan was analyzed in this paper from a static and dynamic perspective. The results showed that 98. 89% of the driving force of China's agricultural exports to Japan was from the contribution of quantity margin. The contribution of the extensive margin had been decreasing year by year after 2006,and it has been negative for many years. The reason was that technical barriers such as the Positive List System lead to less export of agricultural product in varieties and types. The average marginal contribution rate of price was 8. 26%. The average price of exported agricultural products has been basically higher than the world average level since 2013,suggesting that the quality of exported agricultural products has been improved. While maintaining the quantity of agricultural exports,improving the quality of agricultural products,expanding export varieties and increasing export value added are the sources of sustainable growth of China's agricultural exports in the future.

Upgrade Quality to Expand Export

The Chongqing Cereals, Oils & Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation is a key professional foreign trade company in Chongqing City, Sichuan Province. With a 38-year history, the company has grown into one of China’s Top 500 foreign trading companies. The commodities handled by the company have increased from an original few in the 1950s into hundreds. Chemical products, medical products,

Quality of Chinese Export Toys Is Trustworthy

On September 4th, 2007, AQSIQ and the Press Office of the State Council invited 13 media representatives from countries such as America, Britain, France, Japan, Canada, Singapore to visit the Technical Center Toy Laboratory of Guangdong Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhentai (China) Industrial Limited Company and Guangdong Xinboxing Toys Limited Company.……

Impact of Food Safety Standards on Food Export

This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality standardization shows that the important effect is increasing marginal costs of certification and accreditation, which puts pressure on export company profits in different countries. Main conclusions yield insights into the key following points： Increased food safety has been associated with higher income. Consumers and governments can afford to focus more on reducing food-borne safety risks once basic quantity needs for foods have been met or are in the process of being met. This suggests that policies focused on increasing income are the surest path to improving food safety in all countries. Food safety regulations should be designed to meet the food safety demands of consumers in rich countries and, at the same time, further the interests of both consumers and producers in poor countries.

数字赋能、市场分割与出口产品质量

数字经济对企业的生产选择和贸易行为产生了深远的影响。采用2011—2015年沪深A股上市企业与中国国家海关数据库的匹配数据,运用面板固定效应和中介效应模型,从市场分割的视角出发分析数字赋能对出口产品质量的影响效应和作用机制。实证结果表明,数字赋能、市场分割均对出口产品质量有提升作用,而数字赋能和市场分割的交互作用却会抑制出口产品质量升级。异质性检验结果表明,数字赋能和市场分割的交互作用会对国有性质、有海外子公司、位于中西部地区和生产非高技术含量产品企业的出口产品质量产生更明显的抑制效果。此外,数字赋能和市场分割会通过提升企业市场势力、缓解融资约束和增强进口强度影响出口产品质量。据此提出加快企业数字化转型,持续推进全国统一大市场建设,建立全要素、全过程、全数据的质量保证管理体系的政策建议。

数字金融赋能农产品出口质量的作用机制

选取2011—2021年数字金融发展指数、联合国贸易数据库以及中国县域统计年鉴等数据,基于双固定效应模型实证研究了数字金融发展对中国农产品出口质量的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:数字金融发展能够显著促进中国农产品出口质量的提升;互联网发展水平和对外开放程度通过调节效应均显著强化了数字金融发展提升中国农产品出口质量;市场化进程在数字金融提升中国农产品出口质量中存在中介效应;此外,研究还发现数字金融发展对中国农产品出口质量存在区域异质性。

贸易自由化与中国出口农产品质量:基于双边贸易成本的研究

出口农产品质量直接关系农产品出口的长远发展。基于双边贸易成本的视角,利用中国与127个贸易伙伴847种农产品的数据,运用回归反推法测算了中国出口农产品的质量水平,并从理论和实证两个方面分析了贸易自由化对中国出口农产品质量的影响。研究发现,样本期间,中国出口农产品质量呈波动上升趋势,且贸易自由化总体上可显著促进中国出口农产品质量的提高,但对出口到不同收入组国家农产品质量的影响存在显著差异。具体而言,贸易自由化对中国出口到埃塞俄比亚等低收入组国家农产品质量的促进作用最为显著,对出口到孟加拉等中等偏低收入组和日本高收入组国家农产品质量的促进作用次之,对出口到印度尼西亚等中等偏高收入组国家的农产品质量反而具有阻碍作用。

数字基础设施是否提升了中国企业出口产品质量?

作为数字经济高质量发展的硬件支持,数字基础设施对经济发展的促进作用已得到了日益广泛的论证。日趋严峻的国际形势对出口产品质量提出了前所未有的高要求,那么,数字基础设施发展能否有效促进中国企业出口产品质量提升?本文首先从信息基础设施与融合基础设施两个维度对城市数字基础设施发展水平进行综合测度,全面准确刻画了数字基础设施中“新一代信息技术”发展与融合应用情况,然后基于中国海关数据库与中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,从微观企业层面系统考察了数字基础设施发展对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。实证结果显示,数字基础设施发展显著促进了企业出口产品质量的提升,且该结论在独立样本(2016—2020年)、一系列稳健性检验和处理内生性问题后始终成立;机制探究结果显示,数字基础设施建设便利了要素流通和降低了交易成本,是企业出口产品质量促进效应的两个作用机制;异质性分析发现,这种促进效应在非国有、融资约束水平较低及位于外围城市的企业中更为显著。在数字经济迅猛发展背景下,本文为促进数字经济发展,政府更好地规划数字基础设施建设,助推外贸高质量发展等提供了证据支持。

国内消费者需求偏好与贸易高质量发展

本文聚焦国内消费者需求偏好视角来考察中国贸易高质量发展,采用2000—2014年中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库、全国标准信息公共服务平台数据库、WIOD和CEPII数据库,研究了国内消费者需求偏好升级对中国企业进出口产品质量的影响。研究发现:国内消费者需求偏好升级能够有效提升企业进口产品质量,但没有促进企业出口产品质量提升,即中国企业出口产品质量与国内需求偏好升级背离;供需失衡和国内国际标准不对接是导致出口产品质量背离的重要原因;在需求侧,高端需求外移导致国内市场供需脱节,而在供给侧,价值链上游产业和中间产品的供给未能跟上需求偏好升级的步伐则进一步加剧了出口产品质量的背离。因此,把握国内消费者需求偏好升级的契机,构建供需适配的国内大循环体系,推动国内国际标准对接以及价值链上游的供给侧结构性改革,有助于实现贸易高质量发展。

技术融合与企业出口产品质量--来自中国工业企业的经验证据

技术融合是提高科技成果转化和产业化水平、实现经济高质量发展取得新突破的关键。推动中国迈向贸易强国的背景下,研究技术融合究竟如何影响中国企业出口产品质量的问题尤为重要。使用2000—2013年中国工业企业数据作为研究样本,构建固定效应模型,系统考察技术融合对企业出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究发现,技术融合的深化显著提升了企业出口产品质量。异质性分析表明,技术融合对企业出口产品质量的提升作用在非国有企业、非外资企业以及沿海企业中表现更为突出。机制检验发现,技术融合深化能够提升企业全要素生产率以及固定成本投入效率,最终实现企业出口产品质量升级;市场化程度以及政府支持力度会在技术融合提升企业出口产品质量过程中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应进一步深化技术融合,搭建高效的交流合作平台,加速优质要素资源流动,重点培育本土企业自主创新能力,实现出口产品质量升级。

苏州出口贸易保稳提质策略研究——基于深圳和上海出口贸易的经验

出口作为拉动经济增长的三驾马车之一,对属于典型外向型经济的苏州来讲更是如此。然而,作为贸易强市的苏州面临制造业新的竞争优势还未形成、外资企业对出口的贡献不断下降、对主要目标市场的出口不增反降、贸易数字化发展水平较低等出口困境,2023年以来出口贸易额出现了明显下滑。在此情况下,文章研究了深圳和上海出口贸易持续高质量发展的经验,认为苏州应该从强化贸易产业链视角出台组合政策,形成贸易促进合力;大力推动数智技术赋能出口贸易,增强制造业和贸易数字化对出口贸易的支撑力度;加大对民营企业的支持力度,不断提高出口贸易发展韧性;坚持市场多元化策略,降低出口贸易过度依赖少数市场带来的风险。

广东省“五外联动五方合力”推动跨境电商高质量发展的路径研究

当前,全球经济衰退风险上升、外需增长持续放缓已成为外贸稳增长面临的最大压力。广东省中山市以培育(招引)跨境电子商务交易平台方为切入点,聚集政务方,跨境(电商)贸易的企业方,提供物流、支付等专业服务方及目标东道国导入资源的运营方,打造货物贸易与服务贸易融合、进口与出口双向联动的跨境电商生态圈,形成了“五外联动五方合力”推动跨境电商高质量发展的路径,为广东省外贸经济发展作出了巨大贡献。但是,中山市跨境电商高质量发展仍存在产业数字化升级有待提高、人才资源要素支撑性不足和产业链衔接性有待完善的现实困境。对此,本文从“五外联动”实现协同发展、“五方合力”推动高效协作两个方面探讨广东省跨境电商高质量发展的有效策略,旨在推动跨境电商高质量发展。

企业数字化转型如何提升出口产品质量?——来自制造业上市公司的经验证据

数字化转型已经成为中国制造业企业高质量发展的新引擎。本文基于新新贸易理论,将任务模型引入企业出口产品质量决定模型,在理论层面分析了企业数字化转型与出口产品质量的关系,并利用2007—2015年中国海关数据和制造业上市公司数据,采用固定效应模型检验企业数字化转型对出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示,企业数字化转型能提升出口产品质量,在考虑内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验后,回归结果依然显著为正。企业数字化转型对高对外开放水平地区、良好创新环境地区出口产品质量的促进效应更显著。企业数字化转型通过提高全要素生产率、替代低技能劳动力和降低信息成本提升出口产品质量。本文的研究丰富了出口产品质量方面的研究,为数字经济背景下企业高质量发展提供了政策启示。

“一带一路”倡议下的行业出口质量升级

本文基于BACI数据库HS6分位层面的贸易数据,测度了2010—2016年中国对214个国家和地区的行业出口质量,并利用双重差分模型识别了“一带一路”倡议对行业出口质量的影响。统计和实证结果都表明,“一带一路”倡议的实施可以显著提高行业出口质量,该结果通过了各项稳健性检验。在此基础上,进一步探讨了倡议影响出口质量的潜在作用路径,发现倡议通过促进“出口竞争效应”和“OFDI逆向溢出效应”,最终使得行业出口质量整体上得到提高。另外,异质性分析表明,倡议对“一路”国家、较不发达国家以及低技术、价格竞争行业、优先发展行业具有更明显的“提质”效应。结构分解发现,行业出口质量的提高主要是由产品内效应和低质量产品的退出实现的。在此基础上,本文引入离散时间的生存分析模型,发现“一带一路”倡议提高了产品退出出口市场的风险率,从而减少了其出口持续时间,验证了质量分解的结果;但同时可以通过提高产品质量来减少其退出市场的风险,有助于延长出口持续时间。综合来看,“一带一路”倡议发挥了“优胜劣汰”的作用。本文的研究为理解“一带一路”倡议在促进贸易平衡与可持续发展等方面的作用提供了新的视角与解释。