Fluid migration paths in the marine strata of typical structures in the western Hubei-eastern Chongqing area,China

The western Hubei-eastern Chongqing area is an important prospective zone for oil and gas exploration in the central Yangtze area. Three representative structures, the Xinchang structure, Longjuba gas-bearing structure and the Jiannan gas field, were selected to analyze biomarker parameters in marine strata and to examine various types of natural gas and hydrocarbon sources. Fluid inclusions; carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopic characteristics; organic geochemical analysis and simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history of source rocks were used for tracing fluid migration paths in marine strata of the study area. The Carboniferous-Triassic reservoirs in three typical structures all experienced at least two stages of fluid accumulation. All marine strata above the early Permian were shown to have fluids originating in the Permian rocks, which differed from the late stage fluids. The fluids accumulated in the late Permian reservoirs of the Xinchang structure were Cambrian fluids, while those in the late Carboniferous reservoirs were sourced from a combination of Silurian and Cambrian fluids. A long-distance and large-scale cross-formational flow of fluids destroyed the preservation conditions of earlier accumulated hydrocarbons. A short-distance cross-formational accumulation of Silurian fluids was shown in the late Permian reservoirs of the Longjuba structure with favorable hydrocarbon preservation conditions. The fluid accumulation in the Carboniferous reservoirs of the Jiannan structure mainly originated from neighboring Silurian strata with a small amount from the Cambrian strata. As a result, the Jiannan structure was determined to have the best preservation conditions of the three. Comparative analysis of fluid migration paths in the three structures revealed that the zone with a weaker late tectonism and no superimposition and modification of the Upper and Lower Paleozoic fluids or the Upper Paleozoic zone with the fluid charging from the Lower Paleozoic in the western Hubei-easteru Chongqing area are important target areas for future exploration.

Epidemiology and risk factors of retinoblastoma in Chongqing area

AIM： To investigate the risk factors of retinoblastoma in Chongqing and offer the bases for scientific measures. METHODS： One hundred and thirty-three retinoblastoma patients were taken as case group, and 133 children were taken as control group in 1：1 ratio. The relevant factors were collected from a questionnaire survey which was made by our research group. First, Chi-square and t-test were used to discuss the various factors, and then the logistic regression analysis was made by statistics software SPSS17.0 based on the result of 266 people. RESULTS： Single factor analysis results showed the differences between the two groups were statistically significant （P〈0.05） in 17 factors which were education level of their parents, occupation of their parents, exposure to harmful chemicals of their parents 6mo before pregnancy, the history of pelvic inflammatory disease of mother before pregnancy, childbearing history of their parents, pregnant age of their parents, the medication history of father 6mo before pregnancy, living place of their parents, the pollution living place of mother, hobbies of their parents. Multivariate analysis showed that the living place of parents, mother who feed pets before pregnancy, and exposure to harmful chemicals of father before pregnancy were the independent risk factors of retinoblastoma （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The living place of parents, mother who feed pets before pregnancy, exposure to harmful chemicals of father before pregnancy were the risk factors of retinoblastoma which affects the occurrence of retinoblastoma in a certain extent.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Research on Inheritance and Innovation of Children's Folk Sports Culture in the Junction Area Between Chongqing and Hubei

This paper examines the current status and development dilemma of the children’s folk sports culture in the junction area between Chongqing and Hubei with reference to relevant literature.After the literature review and summary,the study finds there are several factors restricting the inheritance and development of the children’s folk sports culture in the area,including insufficiency of theoretical analysis,weak public support in cities,blind imitation of modern sports culture,and absence of policy support.To address the above problems,we put forward several suggestions to promote the inheritance and development of children’s folk sports game culture.First,we should focus on the theoretical research and cultural dissemination of children’s folk sports culture.Second,we should improve the basic rules of children’s folk sports games.Third,importance should be attached to government support in developing children’s folk sports game culture.Fourth,we should ensure the continuation and inheritance of children’s folk sports culture via school activities.Finally,we should carry forward children’s folk sports culture and explore ways to develop excellent cultural tourism.

Study on Temporal-spatial Distribution of Heavy Rain and Rainstorm in Different Functional Areas of Chongqing

To discuss response ability of five functional areas to rainstorm flood in Chongqing,by taking 8 districts（ counties） as research object,monthly occurrence times of heavy rain and rainstorm in different functional areas over the years and appearance month of the maximum rainfall were conducted statistics. Results showed that frequency distribution of heavy rain in whole year in different functional areas was different,but it was similar in the same functional zone. Temporal-spatial distribution of rainstorm was more independent,and there were different performances in various districts of each functional area. In urban functional core area and urban functional expansion area,rainstorm times was more,and the maximum precipitation was larger. In urban development new district,rainstorm times and the maximum precipitation were relatively smaller in whole Chongqing. In ecological conservation development area of northeast Chongqing,rainstorm duration was longer,and we needed prevention and control during June- September. In ecological protection area of southeast Chongqing,although rainstorm occurrence times was the most in Chongqing,the heavy rainstorm was less.

Evaluation on the human settlements environment suitability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing based on RS and GIS

To explore geographical differences in quantitative characteristics and spatial pattern of human settlements environmental suitability （HSES） in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA）, terrain, climate, hydrology, vegetation and other natural factors were selected to build the livable environmental evaluation, and the quantitative analysis was conducted through Remote Sensing（RS） and Geographic Informational System （GIS） to reveal geo- graphical characteristics and spatial patterns of HSES. The results are obtained as follows： （1） inhabitants of the TGRA of Chongqing are concentrated in the area with moderate h.igh HSES, which is 78% of the total population distributed in 48% of the study area; （2） the HSES is closely related to the terrain, and it forms an arc-banded spatial succession pattern： relatively low in the northeast and the southeast while comparatively high in the west and the south; （3） large numbers of people are distributed in the area with low suitability （with higher population density than the average of the western China）, but economic development level in these areas is quite low. Moreover, these areas are ecological sensitive and fragile, many kinds of eco-environmental problems have been caused by human activities. Therefore, population migration and layout are reasonable options for the development of these areas.

The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function (productivity) of the late Middle Permian brachiopods community at the region of Hechuan,Chongqing,China

The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function is a hot topic in ecology and environics. This paper investi- gates the evolution of diversity of the late Middle Permian brachiopods community in Hechuan, Chongqing, China, and dis- cusses the relationship between species diversity and community productivity in terms of the geohistorical development. This paper shows that the species diversity is externalized by several indexes, and the relationship between diversity and productiv- ity is too complex to be described by a single assumption. The relationship between species diversity and community produc- tivity is restricted by environment and community evolution. When the community succeeds normally, the relationship be- tween species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index to productivity is in linear dependence rela- tion to each other, which is met with the third assumption. But, when the environment interference surpasses the beating capa- bility of the community, not only the community succession will be terminated and be replaced by another one, but also the relationship between species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index to productivity is also in- versed to negative correlation by the interference from environment. Only the relationship between ecological dominance and productivity is in linear dependence relation to each other and approximately met with the third assumption. It is illustrated that the assumption that the productivity is in linear dependence relation with diversity should be established on the presupposition that the community succession is normal.