Interactions of Copper, Evaporite, and Organic Matter and Genesis of Sandstone-Hosted Copper Deposits in the Chuxiong Basin, Yunnan Province

Studies on organic geochemistry indicate that the origin, type and maturity of organic matter are different among coal-bearing, copper-bearing and evaporite formations in the Mesozoic continental Chuxiong Basin, Yunnan, China. A mechanism has been proposed that (1) during the diagenetic mineralization stage the short-chain organic acids dervied from kerogen played an important role in remobilizing copper from source beds, while oils acted as important carrier of copper, and that (2) during the transformation or remolding mineralization stage, meteoric water leached the evaporite layers and formed downward-percolating oxidizing SO42-rich fluids; meanwhile, the copper-bearing fluids migrating upwards along growth faults from the basement was contaminated by the coal-bearing series on the way and formed reducing organic-rich fluids; oxidation-reduction occurred and sulfides formed when the two kinds of fluids met within sandstones.

Crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios beneath the Chuxiong-Simao Basin in the Southeast Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

In the Southeast Margin of the Tibetan Plateau, low-velocity sedimentary layers that would significantly affect the accuracy of the H-κ stacking of receiver functions are widely distributed.In this study, we use teleseismic waveform data of 475 events from 97 temporary broadband seismometers deployed by ChinArray Phase I to obtain crustal thicknesses and Poisson's ratios within the Chuxiong-Simao Basin and adjacent area, employing an improved method in which the receiver functions are processed through a resonance-removal filter, and the H-κ stacking is time-corrected.Results show that the crustal thickness ranges from 30 to 55 km in the study area, reaching its thickest value in the northwest and thinning toward southwest, southeast and northeast.The apparent variation of crustal thickness around the Red River Fault supports the view of southeastern escape of the Tibetan Plateau.Relatively thin crustal thickness in the zone between Chuxiong City and the Red River Fault indicates possible uplift of mantle in this area.The positive correlation between crustal thickness and Poisson's ratio is likely to be related to lower crust thickening.Comparison of results obtained from different methods shows that the improved method used in our study can effectively remove the reverberation effect of sedimentary layers.

Thermal evolution characteristics of Triassic coal in Chuxiong Basin and its geological significance

Chuxiong Basin in Yunnan is a typical Mesozoic foreland basin which is enriched in widely distributed Triassic coal resources with thick deposits and of important strategic significance. By applying vitrinite reflectance measurement, inclusion thermometry, fission track dating and EASY% Ro numerical simulation, the Triassic coal thermal evolution history of the Chuxiong Basin was analyzed, and the results were concluded. The vitrinite reflectance of Chuxiong Basin is higher in the west and south in general.Vertically, in the east, west, and north of the basin, the vitrinite reflectance increases with increasing depth, and in the northern part, exceptionally high values occur, and there is no significant regularity in the east. The formation of inclusions inside quartz veins in Chuxiong Basin Triassic coal are unrelated with magmatic hydrothermal fluid, and there are multi-phase inclusions formed in three or four sections of tectonic movements. The main heating period(apparent age) of the Triassic coal is concentrated in the late Cenozoic, during which the coal was subjected to repeated thermal disturbance, resulting in a multimodal distribution of the fission track data, which reveals mild burial features of the early stages of the Late Cenozoic. The Triassic coal of Chuxiong Basin has experienced two major temperature increasing processes, which occurred in the early-mid Yanshan and the early Himalayan, respectively. The first hydrocarbon generation period of coal organic matter occurred in the formation stage of the foreland basin, during which the south and west of the basin generated large amounts of hydrocarbon, but little was preserved. The second generation stage in the Early Himalayan had conditions suitable for high gas accumulation, especially in the western and southern regions. The upper Triassic coal is of moderate burial depth and is less affected by the strike-slip effect. There are key areas of Chuxiong Basin oil and gas exploration, such as the Yanfeng Basin in the north-central, Yongren and Yunlong areas.

Planning and Designing of Eco-villages in Urban and Rural Areas——A Case Study of Hongbao Hundred-fruit Eco-village in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

The research reviewed connotation, characteristics and significance of urban-rural eco-village and concluded approaches to eco-village planning from site selection, function division, environment and product selection. Finally, a case study of Hongbao Hundred-fruit Eco-village was introduced.

Late Quaternary Activity of the Chuxiong-Nanhua Fault and the 1680 Chuxiong Ms6 3/4 Earthquake

In this paper,according to the results of the satellite imagery interpretation and field investigation,we study the active features and the latest active times of the ChuxiongNanhua fault,the Quaternary basins formation mechanism,and the relationship between the fault and the 1680 Chuxiong M_S6 3/4earthquake. Several Quaternary profiles at Lvhe,Nanhua reveal that the fault has offset the late Pleistocene deposits of the T2 and T3 terraces of Longchuan river, indicating that the fault was obviously active in late Quaternary. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault has been dominated by dextral strike slip motion in the late Quaternary,with an average rate of 1. 6-2. 0 mm/a. Several pull apart Quaternary basins of Chuxiong,Nanhua,and Ziwu etc. have developed along the fault.The 1680 Chuxiong M_S6 3/4earthquake and several moderate earthquakes have occurred near the fault. The Chuxiong-Nanhua fault are the seismogenic structure of those earthquakes,the latest fault movement was in the late-Pleistocene,and even the Holocene.In large area,the Chuxiong-Nanhua fault and the eastern Qujiang fault and the Shiping fault composed a set of NW-trending oblique orientation active faults,and the motion characteristics are all mainly dextral strike slip. The motion characteristics,like the red river fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block southwestern boundary,are concerned with the escaping movement of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block.

The Major Recessive Calamities Affecting the Wheat Production in Chuxiong Prefecture and Control Countermeasures

The impact of recessive calamities was analyzed,including seasonal drought,cold injury,dry hot wind and aphid in the wheat production of Chuxiong Prefecture,and the countermeasures that prevented and controlled the recessive calamities in a target-oriented way were proposed,including the improvement of basic farmland,the application of organic manure,the promotion of the breed with high stress resistance,the seedling at suitable date,the improvement of control on fertilizing and watering,the enhancement of management on cultivating and controlling disease in time,and the breeding new variety adaptive to local ecosystem,in order to advance the wheat production in a sustainable way.

The metallogenic mechanism of the sandstone-type copper deposits in the Chuxiong Basin, Yunnan Province

The sandstone-type Cu deposits in the Chuxiong Basin occur in the Cretaceous Gaofengsi Formation and the Maotoushan Formation and the orebodies are stratoid and lenticular in form, structurally controlled by their stratigraphical position. Ore structures are dominated by impregnated and striped ones. In addition, it has been observed that copper mineralization is controlled by water-discharge and deformation structures. Orebodies are commonly seen on the gently inclined limbs of the anticline, with the involution front. Copper mineralization shows a distinct zonation. S, Pb isotope and REE data suggest that the copper would stem from the country rocks and the sulfur largely from the lower strata. During diagenesis oxidized Cu-bearing brines derived from the upper parts and reduced brines from the lower parts are involved in metallogenetic reactions in the stress neutral plane, which is the key to the formation of copper deposits in the Chuxiong Basin.

楚雄彝族服饰保护和传承的新路径思考

彝族服饰是彝族文化的一个重要组成部分,在商业经济和城市化进程的影响下,传统的彝族服饰日渐衰落。文章采用文献综述和田野调查的方法,分析楚雄彝族服饰日渐消失的成因源于时代困境、大众心理变化、城市化进程与过度商业化的冲击。据此,文章提出加强对彝族服饰的宣传及保护力度、拓展彝族传统服饰文化的传播渠道、保护当地的文化生态等一系列行之有效的策略,推动楚雄彝族民族服饰的保护与传承。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识的民族节庆机制探析——以楚雄火把节为例

民族节庆符号是一个文化复合体,以其多元的文化底蕴发挥着多重资源性功能而成为一笔铸牢中华民族共同体意识的德育资源。火把节是楚雄的传统民族节日,在推进民族团结进步事业,铸牢中华民族共同体意识的时代背景下,地方党委政府赋予其新的时代内涵,将其建设为民族交往交流交融的平台。节庆活动中强调参与者的多元性,文化的多样性和共享性,努力推动构建各民族相互嵌入式的经济共同体、政治共同体、文化共同体、社会共同体和情感共同体,在此基础上提升铸牢中华民族共同体意识的成效。因此楚雄火把节在铸牢中华民族共同体意识方面的经验和智慧具有较好的启发意义。

楚雄市洪涝灾害特征及应急管理分析

基于1991~2020年的降水量资料,利用Z指数与小波分析等对楚雄市洪涝灾害的特征进行分析,发现楚雄市洪涝灾害时有发生,呈周期性波动变化,近30年有8年发生洪涝灾害,具有12年的主周期。对楚雄市洪涝灾害应急管理现状进行调查研究,利用PPRR理论从准备、预防、响应和恢复四个阶段对楚雄市洪涝灾害应急管理进行分析,找出目前楚雄市洪涝灾害应急管理体系存在的问题,提出优化措施,为提高楚雄市洪涝灾害防灾减灾能力提供科学依据。

‘硃砂2号’和‘NC297’在楚雄烟区的适应性分析

为应对云南楚雄烟区烤烟品种单一与适应性退化现象等问题,选定楚雄州永仁县猛虎乡为试验点,进行‘硃砂2号’和‘NC297’烤烟品种的适应性分析,以‘K326’为对照进行品种比较试验,调查分析不同烤烟品种的农艺性状、光合特性、病害发生情况、经济性状、化学成分等指标。结果表明,相比于‘K326’,‘NC297’的大田生育期延长2 d,‘硃砂2号’缩短3 d;农艺性状整体以‘硃砂2号’最优;‘硃砂2号’的光合指标较好,其净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率分别比‘K326’提高7.25μmol/(m^(2)·s)、0.19 mol/(m^(2)·s)、1.88 mmol/(m^(2)·s);病害方面,‘硃砂2号’和‘NC297’的田间自然发病率均低于‘K326’;‘硃砂2号’的原烟颜色表现为特有的“硃砂色”,与‘K326’相比,‘硃砂2号’的油分充足、产值提高2473.5元/hm^(2)、中上等烟比例提高1.7%,整体表现出最佳的原烟外观质量和经济性状;‘硃砂2号’、‘NC297’的化学成分协调性均优于‘K326’,其中整体以‘硃砂2号’表现最优。本试验条件下,‘硃砂2号’的生态适应性最强,品质特性较好,具备在楚雄烟区推广种植的潜力。

大姚六苴铜矿床成矿作用及找矿标志

大姚六苴铜矿区位于楚雄盆地东部,是典型的砂岩型铜矿床。该矿床矿体主要赋存于下白垩统高峰寺组凹地苴段和上白垩统马头山组六苴段下亚段的灰色长石石英砂岩中。矿体多呈层状、透镜状,与地层产状一致。矿床成矿地质体为高孔隙度岩石组合+构造+盆地流体。S-H-O同位素结果显示成矿流体主要为盆地流体。褪色化长石石英砂岩、褶皱构造+断裂构造和地球化学异常可以作为该矿床的主要找矿标志。喜山运动形成大雪山背斜,在东西向挤压应力驱动下,还原性成矿流体由深部向大雪山背斜轴部运移,沿着流体运移方向,其流体温度、压力、性质等物理化学参数不断变化,形成黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉铜矿等硫化物。

滇中楚雄盆地龙川镇富稀土煌斑岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

煌斑岩一般以小规模岩脉、岩墙等形式产出于不同的构造环境中,是认识大陆岩石圈地幔成分和深部作用过程最直接的样品,对研究地幔演化及壳幔相互作用具有重要意义。同时,煌斑岩的形成通常与矿有关,在扬子西缘沿金沙江—红河断裂带广泛分布新生代富碱斑岩,但其形成矿种主要为斑岩型Cu-Au矿床和造山型Au矿床,很少有稀土矿的报道。稀土元素作为“工业维生素”.

滇西祥云地区早侏罗世地层发现恐龙新墓地

1938年,云南许氏禄丰龙的发现拉开了云南侏罗纪恐龙研究、发掘的序幕,恐龙化石的发现地从云南禄丰一带向外延展,陆续在云南晋宁、元谋姜驿、云南易门夕阳、武定万德、双柏安龙堡等地报道,但目前恐龙化石的报道均集中在楚雄盆地的中部及东部,而楚雄盆地的西部地区未有报道。笔者等通过全面系统的古生物化石调查,在滇西祥云地区下侏罗统冯家河组首次发现恐龙骨胳化石产地,对该新化石产地开展初步化石剖面调查和修理,共发现有5层恐龙化石富集层,部分化石保存较为完整,未经过长距离搬运,以原地埋藏保存为主,骨胳化石主要有肠骨、椎体、坐骨及肱骨等。这一发现拓宽了云南恐龙化石的分布范围,填补了楚雄盆地西部无恐龙化石的空白,丰富了云南早侏罗世恐龙化石库,为楚雄盆地西部古环境演化及地层对比提供了重要的古生物化石研究素材。

节日的流变与建构:楚雄“六月六”非遗节俗的当代传承

楚雄彝族自治州的“六月六”非遗节俗是彝族人民在农耕祭祀文化中衍生发展出的传统节日。楚雄各地通过赋予该节日不同的地域文化内涵,使其在传承过程中得到了地方性重构。“六月六”节俗在传承中对地域文化凝聚和中华文明认同起到了重要推动作用。对于非遗民俗的当代传承,应当让群众重回节日庆祝的本真,同时延展整合多方面的文化资源,以守正创新的精神激活民族文化,拓展“六月六”文化发展的不同维度,使文化惠及民生。

不同入侵程度紫茎泽兰对草本层物种多样性和功能多样性的影响

紫茎泽兰是我国外来入侵物种中危害最为严重的植物之一,为探讨不同入侵程度紫茎泽兰对草本层物种多样性和功能多样性的影响,在楚雄市西山自然保护区内设置紫茎泽兰不同入侵程度样地,调查并分析草本层植物的物种多样性指数和功能多样性指数与环境因子之间的相关性。结果显示:(1)不同程度紫茎泽兰入侵的草本层存在多重动态影响机制;(2)高度入侵的紫茎泽兰会显著降低本地草本层植物的物种多样性;(3)随着入侵程度增加,草本层植物的功能性状结构由聚集走向发散,竞争性排斥的作用逐渐明显;(4)土壤水分含量是影响该区域紫茎泽兰入侵的关键环境因子。因此,草本层的物种多样性和功能多样性均会受到紫茎泽兰入侵的影响,而当地抗干扰能力较强的物种能有效抵抗入侵压力,保持稳定的种群数量。

楚雄州雷电活动规律及风险区划

利用楚雄彝族自治州(简称楚雄州)30年(1981—2010年)年雷暴日数统计资料、云南省ADTD系统二维闪电定位资料,以及云南省地理信息高程数据中提取的坡度、海拔、海拔差数据,应用数量统计方法结合ArcGIS制图方法,分析总结了全州雷暴时空分布规律、雷灾特征等,最后依据行业标准提取相关指标进行雷电易发区域及其防护等级划分。

沉积岩对楚雄盆地砂岩铜矿成矿的控制

楚雄盆地砂岩铜矿产于白垩系地层层位中 ,矿床与盆地内的下部含煤建造、中部的红色含铜碎屑岩建造和上部白色膏盐建造关系密切。含矿岩系具有向上变细的剖面结构 ,矿化常形成于不整合界面以上的一定范围内。含矿岩石以细砂岩为主 ,铜矿化与胶结物总量和钙质、硅质胶结物有关 ,并形成于浅色向紫色岩层过渡的氧化还原界面附近。沉积成岩作用对矿床的形成起重要作用。

楚雄盆地砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体耦合成矿模型

砂岩型铜矿床是楚雄陆相红层盆地的典型矿床类型。在构造-流体-成矿体系的动力学演化中,该类矿床的形成经历了沉积-成岩成矿作用、改造成矿作用及后期断裂作用的演化过程:燕山中晚期形成煤-铜-盐"三色建造"和盆地流体;喜马拉雅早期构造-热演化形成褶皱圈闭盆地流体,来自基底的富铜流体沿同生断裂(隐伏断裂)上升将一些亲铜元素从深部带入煤层而被吸附,形成富铜的还原性流体(H2O-SO2-CO2-CH4(C3H8-C2H6)-HSO4-HCO3-型),还原性流体沿次级断裂、隐伏断裂和层间断裂及轴面变形带上升,与大气降水深循环淋滤膏盐层形成高盐度的氧化性流体(H2O-SO2-CO2-N2-CO-HSO4-型)在砂(页)岩相遇时发生水-岩相互作用,并封闭于高孔渗的砂(页)岩储层,在褶皱翼部或核部的中细粒砂岩和层间断裂带中形成层状、似层状矿体;喜马拉雅中期由于构造改造,在更次级断裂带中形成脉状矿(化)体。所以,该类矿床是褶皱构造圈闭盆地流体-含矿岩相和构造裂隙封闭成矿流体定位成矿的产物,是铜矿源、构造与流体三者耦合作用的结果,更好地解释了矿床既沿褶皱分布又沿含矿层定位及矿物、元素分带的主要原因。故建立了该类矿床的构造-流体耦合成矿模型。

楚雄盆地铜、盐、有机质相互作用与砂岩铜矿生成

矿床的有机地球化学研究表明:楚雄盆地含煤、含铜和含膏盐建造中的有机质在来源、类型和成熟度上是不一致的。成岩期干酪根降解形成的短链羧酸是矿源层中铜活化的重要因素,石油烃是矿质搬运的重要载体。改造成矿期,天水淋滤膏盐展形成富SO_4^(2-)的下渗氧化性流体,为改造成矿提片供了硫源。另一方面,来自基底的含矿流体沿同生断裂上涌,混染煤系地层形成还原性流体,沿次级断裂进入到高渗透的砂岩储集层。当两种流体在砂岩中相遇时,发生氧化-还原作用而形成改造期矿体。