Effect of the benzene ring of the dispersant on the rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry:Experiments and theoretical calculations

In this study,low-rank coal-water slurry(LCWS)was prepared using polyoxyethylene dodecylphenol ether(PDPE)and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(PLE),respectively.A combination of experiments and simulations was used to investigate the pulping properties and microscopic mechanism of the LCWS samples prepared using the two agents,so as to explore the influence of benzene ring on the performance of dispersant.The results of the LCWS preparation experiments revealed that the pulp-forming performance of PDPE exceeded that of PLE.When LCWS concentration is 62%,64%,and 66%,the apparent viscosity corresponding to PDPE is 247.80,504.17,and 653.10 mPa·s,and the apparent viscosity corresponding to PLE is 548.10,1470.61,and 1549.98 mPa·s,respectively.The C_(1000)(When the apparent viscosity is 1000 mPa·s,the corresponding concentration of LCWS is defined as C_(1000))values of PDPE and PLE are 67.60%and 62.95%,respectively.In addition to the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds between the PDPE and/or PLE molecules and coal,the benzene rings of PDPE presentπ-πstacking effect with the aromatic rings of coal.That could facilitate and strengthen the adsorption of PDPE on coal,which would be conducive to further improving the dispersion of coal particles.The two dispersants have no significant difference in effect on the pyrolysis of LCWS.The simulation results indicated that the times for PDPE and PLE molecules to reach flat adsorption state on coal are approximately 290 and 565 ps,respectively.The self-diffusion coefficient(D)of the PDPE and PLE on coal is 3.16 x 10^(-6)and6.57×10^(-6)m~2/s,respectively,and their interaction energies with coal are 785.71 and 648.60 kcal/mol,respectively.The results of the simulation calculations demonstrated that PDPE adsorbed on coal easier than PLE,and its binding is more stable than that of PLE owing to theπ-πstacking effect,which is conducive to uniform dispersion of coal in solution.The simulation results confirmed the experimental results.

Synthesis, characterization and application of a dispersant based on rosin for coal-water slurry

A rosin derivative and maleopimaric acid diethanolamide(MAD), was synthesized, characterized by FTIR and1 H NMR, and applied as dispersant for the coal-water slurry(CWS) prepared from Chinese Shenfu coal. The CWS application performance investigation shows that the MAD dispersant has better abilities in reducing CWS viscosity and stabilizing the slurry than a commercial dispersant—sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate(SNF). The physicochemical property investigation of the two tested dispersants shows that the adsorption amount of the MAD at coal-water interface is much larger than that of SNF, and the MAD has better wetting property than the SNF on the coal surface. It indicated that the excellent capabilities of MAD are related to the adsorption mode of standing upright on the coal surface. Based on the above, the mechanism of dispersion and stabilization of the CWS prepared from MAD dispersant is presented.

Effect of the high-power electromagnetic pulses on the reactivity of the coal-water slurry in hot environment

An effect of the high-power electromagnetic pulses onto the droplet of coal-water slurry inside the furnace was investigated.In contrary to the previously investigated laser-induced fuel atomization that occurs at the room temperature,the pre-heated(to 400 K)slurry becomes dry enough to prevent the explosion-like steam formation.Thus,fuel does not atomize and the ignition does not accelerate.Furthermore,the absorption of several laser pulses leads to evident sintering of irradiated surface with following increase of the ignition delay time for up to 24%.Variation of the pulse energy in range 48-118 mJ(corresponding intensity up to 2.4 J·cm^-2)leads to certain variation of the increase of ignition delay.The strong pulsed overheating of the coal water slurry which does not initiate the fine atomization of the fuel generally makes its ignition longer.

Artificial neural network approach for rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry using microwave pre-treatment

Detailed experimental investigations were carried out for microwave pre-treatment of high ash Indian coal at high power level(900 W) in microwave oven. The microwave exposure times were fixed at60 s and 120 s. A rheology characteristic for microwave pre-treatment of coal-water slurry(CWS) was performed in an online Bohlin viscometer. The non-Newtonian character of the slurry follows the rheological model of Ostwald de Waele. The values of n and k vary from 0.31 to 0.64 and 0.19 to 0.81 Pa·sn,respectively. This paper presents an artificial neural network(ANN) model to predict the effects of operational parameters on apparent viscosity of CWS. A 4-2-1 topology with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm(trainlm) was selected as the controlled ANN. Mean squared error(MSE) of 0.002 and coefficient of multiple determinations(R^2) of 0.99 were obtained for the outperforming model. The promising values of correlation coefficient further confirm the robustness and satisfactory performance of the proposed ANN model.

A comparative investigation of the properties of coal-water slurries prepared from Australia and Shenhua coals

Two coal samples of similar rank were chosen from Australia and China to investigate the differences in Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） made from them. The effect of ash content and particle size gradation on these properties was also studied. Different grinding times were used when grinding the two coals and particle size analysis of these ground coals was used to select samples with a ＂double-peak＂ particle size distri- bution. All the ＂double-peak＂ samples were used to prepare a CWS. The concentration, viscosity, fluidity, and stability of each CWS were measured. The results show that the properties ofa CWS prepared from a coal sample with a ＂double-peak＂ size distribution are better than those CWS prepared from samples with a mono-modal particle distribution. The ash content of Australian coal is 21.72g higher than the ash content of Shenhua coal. The highest coal concentration in slurry from the Australia coal is 11.01% higher than in CWS from the Shenhua coat. The fluidity and stability of the CWS prepared from the Australian coal are both better than the fluidity and stability of slurry prepared from Shenhua coal. High ash content in the Australian coal imnroves the nulning results of a CWS made from it.

Combustion and Sulfur-fixing Performance of Pulping Black Liquor Coal-water Slurry

The effects of adding pulping black liquor and other additives to coal-water slurry(CWS) on the sulfur-fixing performance of the resultant mixture(pulping black liquor coal-water slurry) were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the ash content of the black liquor coalwater slurry decreased as the addition of pulping black liquor in the mixture increased. Nevertheless, the addition amount should be appropriately selected to ensure that the black liquor coal-water slurry had a moderate calorific value. Addition of black liquor improved the combustion performance of CWS by lowering the ignition point and stabilizing the combustion process; moreover, the sulfur-fixation ratio after combustion increased by 12 to 16 percentage points than that of CWS, and the content of high-melting-point salt in the ash from CWS after adding black liquor was low. The sulfur-fixing ratio of CWS after adding a sulfur-fixing agent was effectively increased by 25 to 30 percenatge points, but with compromise of the fluidity and stability of the CWS; thus, the addition amount of a sulfur-fixing agent should be optimized.

Simulation Research on Coal-Water Slurry Gasification of Oil-Based Drill Cuttings Based on Fluent

In this paper,based on Fluent software,a five-nozzle gasifier reactor was established to simulate the gasification process of oil-based drill cuttings coal-water slurry.The influence of concentration and oxygen/carbon atomic ratio on the gasification process of oil-based drill cuttings coal-water slurry was investigated.The results show that when the oxygen flow is constant,the outlet temperature of gasifier decreases,the content of effective gas increases,and the carbon conversion rate decreases with the increase of concentration;When the ratio of oxygen to carbon atoms is constant,the effective gas content rises and the temperature rises with the increase of the concentration,and the carbon conversion rate reaches the maximum value when the concentration of oil-based drill cuttings coal-water slurry is 65%;When the concentration is constant,the effective gas content decreases and the outlet temperature rises with the increase of the oxygen/carbon atom ratio,and the carbon conversion rate reaches 99.80%when the oxygen/carbon atom ratio is 1.03.It shows that this method can effectively decompose the organic matter in oilbased drill cuttings and realize the efficient and cooperative treatment of oil-based drill cuttings.

A novel 3-layer mixed cultural evolutionary optimization framework for optimal operation of syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier

Optimizing operational parameters for syngas production of Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier studied in this paper is a complicated nonlinear constrained problem concerning 3 BP(Error Back Propagation) neural networks. To solve this model, a new 3-layer cultural evolving algorithm framework which has a population space, a medium space and a belief space is firstly conceived. Standard differential evolution algorithm(DE), genetic algorithm(GA), and particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO) are embedded in this framework to build 3-layer mixed cultural DE/GA/PSO(3LM-CDE, 3LM-CGA, and 3LM-CPSO) algorithms. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are firstly tested in 20 benchmark nonlinear constrained functions. Then, the operational optimization model for syngas production in a Texaco coal-water slurry gasifier of a real-world chemical plant is solved effectively. The simulation results are encouraging that the 3-layer cultural algorithm evolving framework suggests ways in which the performance of DE, GA, PSO and other population-based evolutionary algorithms(EAs) can be improved,and the optimal operational parameters based on 3LM-CDE algorithm of the syngas production in the Texaco coalwater slurry gasifier shows outstanding computing results than actual industry use and other algorithms.

Study on Characteristics of Different Types of Nozzles for Coal-Water Slurry Atomization

Three types of nozzles: a low-pressure multistage nozzle, an effervescent nozzle and a newly developed internal- mixing air-blast nozzle, for atomization of Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) were investigated. Influence of CWS properties including surface tension and apparent viscosity on atomization was studied. Comparisons among the nozzles were carried out in terms of spray droplet mean diameter and fuel output. Versatility of each nozzle was investigated and atomization mechanism of each nozzle was analyzed as well. The results showed that the newly developed internal- mixing air-blast nozzle has high fuel output and small mean droplet size in the spray, but the multistage nozzle has high versatility for handling of low quality CWS.

Effects of Coal-Water Mixture Properties in Atomization

Recent suggested CWM applications include using filter cake material and mill tailings as coal sources.Neither coal type nor particle size distribution are necessarily well suited for coal-water mixture production. Slumes were prepared with and without additives and attempts were made to characterizetheir rheological properties and atomize these materials. Limits of operation and the value of existingrheological instrumentation and methods were investigated. Effects of changes in particle size distribution are discussed.

Chinese Technology of Coal-Water Mixture Preparation

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煤体注水渗流模型构建及微观主控影响规律

煤层注水技术是目前矿井除尘的主要技术手段之一,起到润湿煤体、源头减尘的作用.但随着开采深度的增加,煤体孔隙率相对较低,极大影响煤层注水的润湿效果.因此,为了提高煤层注水的效果,结合煤体固有属性、孔隙尺度等影响因素,首先,引入连通孔隙率,建立了包含孔喉、等效孔径、有效孔隙率、毛细管束、迂曲度、流动路径在内的渗流模型;其次,采用高精度射线显微镜(μ-CT)对内蒙古煤矿、同富新煤矿、梅花井煤矿、大黄山煤矿以及磁窖沟煤矿5个煤矿的不同变质程度煤进行扫描,三维重建可视化煤体微观有效孔隙结构,运用分形理论,提取煤体有效连通孔隙结构参数进行计算;再次,通过实验对5个煤矿不同变质程度的煤进行渗透率实测;最后,引入“敏感度”来表征每种影响因素对渗流量的影响程度,运用Morris筛选法,将数值分析法与渗流模型相耦合,定量筛选了煤体坚固性系数、迂曲度分形维数、有效孔隙率、体积分形维数、孔喉半径等主控因素,并分析了各主控因素对注水能力的影响规律.本研究建立了一个综合煤体坚固性系数、迂曲度分形维数、有效孔隙率、体积分形维数和孔喉半径的渗流模型.分析表明,影响注水能力的主控因素依次为煤体坚固性系数、迂曲度分形维数、有效孔隙率、体积分形维数和孔喉半径.注水能力与煤体坚固性系数呈正弦函数关系,随着有效孔隙率的增加,迂曲度分形维数和体积分形维数的减小,注水能力增强.研究结果可为进一步完善煤层注水渗流理论、增强煤层注水润湿效果,防治矿井粉尘灾害提供理论依据.

综放开采下煤层底板采动破坏深度预测

以淮南顾北煤矿12121工作面为工程研究背景,收集了22个综放工作面地质资料和底板破坏深度实测值,通过线性回归分析建立新的预测模型,得出了底板采动破坏深度的拟合公式,准确计算出底板采动破坏的深度,并将计算值及3个传统统计公式计算结果与现场实测值进行对比分析,得出新预测模型拟合公式比传统统计公式预测精度更高、误差更小,更接近实测值,基本可以满足现场需要。研究成果对淮南矿区煤层综放开采水害防治具有较高的实用价值,为类似工作面的水害防治提供更为科学的依据。

回采工作面煤层注水综合治理煤尘与瓦斯试验研究

为进一步降低回采工作面粉尘浓度和瓦斯涌出量,决定开展煤层注水防尘、防瓦斯试验,以确保回采工作面环境更加符合安全文明生产的要求。通过分析煤层注水的作用机理,开展注水有效压力p、注水时间T、有效半径R等考察研究,以煤层注水前后粉尘浓度变化量、瓦斯涌出量等指标作为评判指标开展试验。试验结果表明,本次注水试验使得工作面回采期间呼吸性粉尘和总粉尘浓度降幅分别达到93%和94%,S_(max)和Δh_(2)值由原来的4 kg/m和130 Pa分别降低到2.5 kg/m和100 Pa,有效解决了试验回采工作面工作环境的粉尘和瓦斯涌出量偏大的问题。

煤层注水钻孔径向渗流演化规律数值模拟研究

为研究煤层注水钻孔径向渗流演化规律,基于渗流基础理论,采用Fluent软件模拟分析不同注水压力下钻孔径向煤体的润湿范围及渗流速度。结果表明:在同一钻孔条件下,随着注水压力的增大,煤层内平均水压与平均渗流速度衰减越来越明显,注水压力对钻孔周围煤层的压力分布和渗流速度的作用范围逐渐扩大,煤体内密度变化越来越快,煤体内注水越来越均匀,注水效果进一步增强。该研究成果对提高煤层注水抑尘效果具有重要的意义。

煤矿井下水泵房巡检机器人系统设计与应用

针对煤矿井下水泵房传统工人巡检存在劳动强度大、巡检耗时较长、成本较高、检测结果不准确等问题,本文对煤矿井下水泵房智能巡检机器人系统进行研究,采用模块化和轻量化设计思想,在分析水泵房巡检内容和要求的基础上,提出了一种履带式水泵房智能巡检机器人系统,实时采集井下水泵房现场被参数信息,代替工人完成井下水泵房的巡检任务。完成了智能巡检机器人硬件系统设计,利用模块化思想编写了控制系统程序,并且编写了巡检轨迹程序,可根据设定的轨迹自主巡检。经在山西某煤矿进行现场调试和试运行表明,井下水泵房智能巡检机器人系统可代替4~6名工人实施巡检,降低了工人劳动强度,巡检周期从单日1次增加到单日3次,巡检效率大大提高,机器人本体移动定位误差≤5 cm,能准确获取设备运行异常特征并报警。

水库下采煤安全性评价分析

为了分析水库下采煤对水库及地表的影响,以某煤矿32采区为例,采用理论计算、数值模拟相结合的研究方法,分析了煤层开采后上覆岩层破坏形成的导水裂缝带高度,采用概率积分法和数值模拟得到了某煤矿地表水库地表最大下沉值和水平变形值。结果表明:导水裂缝带最大标高距底部的高差均大于250 m,导水裂缝带不会影响到水库安全,地表水平变形最大值远小于规定允许变形值,在地表水库下进行煤炭开采是安全的。通过32采区工作面的安全开采,验证了分析方法与结果的合理性。

煤矿矿井水水质形成及演化的水动力场-水化学场-微生物场耦合作用与数值模拟

煤矿矿井水的水质形成与演化过程机理复杂,受水动力场、水化学场和微生物场等多场作用影响显著。深入研究并揭示煤矿矿井水水质形成机理与演化趋势、阐明采空区封闭后矿井水的多场耦合作用机制是矿井水污染防控与修复的理论基础。以鄂尔多斯盆地某煤矿采空区为水文地质原型,在前期研究的基础上,进一步建立了煤矿采空区积水水位回升、蓄满后水动力-水化学-微生物场(HCB)多场耦合室内相似模拟和数值模型。采空区水动力场研究结果表明基质-裂隙双孔隙模型能有效模拟采空区水位回升过程,模拟误差为9.9%,其模拟精度远高于理论预测和单孔隙模型。水化学场模拟结果与试验较为吻合,SO_(4)^(2-)、HCO_(3)-和p H模拟相对误差分别为3.0%、21.0%和6.2%,模拟结果较为可靠。模拟结果显示采空区蓄水过程中水岩反应和微生物作用不明显;而蓄满后水动力几乎停滞,但水化学场和微生物场较为活跃,2号煤和3号煤层中黄铁矿的氧化反应使得SO_(4)^(2-)质量浓度提升约24.6%;后期采空区水环境演化为弱酸性、厌氧还原条件,微生物降解作用凸显,将SO_(4)^(2-)有一定的“自净”能力。通过调整微生物代谢速率常数,可将SO_(4)^(2-)降解比例提高到61.6%。实际工程场景中可通过补充碳源、人工建立密闭厌氧环境等强化手段实现这一目标。将多场耦合室内试验和数值模拟技术拓展到煤矿采空区积水水质形成与演化规律研究,研究结论可为煤矿区矿井水污染防治提供指导。

黄河流域煤炭开发区地下水污染成因分析及防治建议

[研究目的]黄河流域内由于煤炭资源开发导致地下水污染严重,从整体角度对流域内重点煤炭开发区地下水进行归纳总结,为其可持续健康发展和地下水资源改善提供防治建议。[研究方法]从黄河流域战略地位出发,对地下水污染成因和污染模式进行归纳总结。采用改进后的综合水质指数法对流域内九大煤炭基地的地下水进行水质评价。选用主成分分析法赋权指标,并引入改进的内梅罗污染指数法,按照WPI分级法进行评价。[研究结果]通过对黄河流域各重点断面水质评价,得到目前流域内煤炭基地水质结果中Ⅲ、Ⅳ类占比较多,水质较差。分析成因当前流域内存在高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和含特殊组分矿井水污染,同时阐述污染地下水形成的浅层和深层两种污染模式。[结论]对3种矿井水采用相应防治方法,并提出膏体充填技术和微生物修复技术2种防治技术建议,通过应用实际矿山为例,印证污染防治技术能够改善由煤炭开采引发的流域内地下水污染严重的问题,以期研究结果能够对成功推动中国绿色矿山的快速发展具有参考意义。

特厚煤层底板断层破坏与顶板垮断联动效应的CFDEM模拟研究

特厚煤层采场空间大、覆岩扰动范围广,顶板垮断产生的强扰动加卸荷载易导致底板断层破坏加剧。通过数值模拟研究特厚煤层底板断层突水与顶板垮断联动效应机理规律是开展水害防治的基础,关键在于掌握加卸载下岩体渐进破坏与裂隙流耦合特征。构建加卸载下拉、剪损伤演化方程,结合有效偏/球应力为基本变量的屈服准则与塑性势函数,得到完整岩块的塑性损伤本构;建立拉/剪、混合型加卸载过程中塑性位移与强度劣化关系,以平方拉剪应力与B-K准则为初始、完全断裂准则,形成非贯通裂隙断裂本构;提出岩块分离、压缩、剪切判据,结合实验数据建立离散块体间挤压、剪切摩擦本构与剪胀方程。基于质量/动量守恒、状态方程,并结合流体体积与浸没边界方法,形成裂隙岩体气−水二相流模拟理论。由此形成CFDEM数值计算程序,并将加卸载下塑性损伤、断裂、挤压/摩擦、流体属性分别赋予实体单元(岩块)、黏聚力单元(非贯通裂隙)、接触对(贯通裂隙)、欧拉单元(水和气)。根据宁武煤田北部矿区工程地质条件,建立特厚煤层底板断层突水与顶板垮断联动效应数值计算模型。结果表明:①CFDEM耦合程序及相应的理论模型可数值实现特厚煤层覆岩及底板断层从(准)连续体到离散体转化,以及地下水在裂隙中运移;②模拟条件下特厚煤层含断层底板的采动裂隙包络线呈w形,最深处超过55 m位于断层及其上盘,最浅处23 m位于断层下盘,而无构造底板处的破坏深度为24~36 m,已导通奥灰含水层;③特厚煤层底板普遍出现二次破坏现象。表现为无构造底板在超前工作面处破坏深度为24.0~29.3 m,但在采空区内普遍增加至31.5~36.0 m;断层及其上盘在超前工作面处裂隙总开度为0.34~0.86 m,但在采空区内迅速增加至3.6 m,形成突水优势通道。④底板断层突水与顶板垮断联动效应的根源在于覆岩高位关键岩层垮断失稳、砌体梁下沉与二次断裂,并导致底板二次破坏,突水风险加剧。