MXenes for Bioinspired Soft Actuators:Advancements in Angle-Independent Structural Colors and Beyond

Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic systems.These actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and versatility.On the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering approaches.By carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing angle.One promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical properties.The integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting possibilities.Overcoming material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these technologies.This perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.

Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows

Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic eggs.Hosts can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host eggs.However,there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision rules.In this study,we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in China.Results showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs(moderate mimetic to their own eggs)and blue model eggs(highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum)than red model eggs(highly nonmimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum).There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows,and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg recognition.Our results are consistent with the single rejection threshold model.This study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows,opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts.

Metabolomic Analysis of the Anthocyanins Associated with Different Colors of Cymbidium goeringii in Guizhou, China

Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties,liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C.goeringii varieties,including‘Jin Qian Yuan’(JQY),‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’(JXQY),‘Miao Jiang Su Die’(MJSD),‘Qian Ming Su’(QMS),‘Shi Chan’(SC),and‘Yang Ming Su’(YMS),as well as the C.goeringii.We detected 64 anthocyanins,including cyanidins,delphinidins,malvidins,pelargonidins,peonidins,petunidins,procyanidins,and flavonoids.We identified six shared differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs),including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-Osophoroside,pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside,peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside),peonidin-3-Osophoroside,and chalcone.Most DAMs were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Analysis of the content of differentially expressed metabolites indicated that peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)was the key metabolite underlying color differences among C.goeringii varieties.Procyanidin B2,pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside,and naringenin might also affect the color formation of JQY and QMS,SC,and MJSD,respectively.The results of this study shed light on the metabolic mechanism underlying flower color differences in C.goeringii at the molecular level.Our findings will aid future studies of the mechanism of flower color regulation in C.goeringii and have implications for the breeding of new varieties.

New Chromatic Taxonomy on Plants and Colors of the Former ENI Village by Edoardo Gellner in Corte di Cadore

This art project,by means of an empirical and experiential research,aspires to visually transfer the relationship that the colors and the architecture of the former ENI Village in Corte di Cadore,designed by Edoardo Gellner,share with the natural environment that surrounds it.The artistic research is based on and expresses the need to proceed by freely cataloging the vegetation that embraces the buildings that make up the village and experiences,in the choice of colors made by Gellner,a particular correspondence with Goethe’s“Theory of colors”.In conjunction with my artistic research and the production of the images,where the plants are removed from their natural context,an applied study which envisages the design of a flip-open table came to life.

The Main Colors of the Forbidden City

The main colors of the Forbidden City are Red and Yellow,which can represent rich cultural deposits.According to the Chinese traditional culture,the Red of the Forbidden City has always been regarded as a positive color of celebration,conveying dignity and happiness.The Yellow color is usually considered as a promising color,and represents a bumper harvest.Based on the principle of the Five Elements,Fire is red,which means breeding and encouragement,and shows prosperity and a solid foundation for the country.Yellow represents Winged Dragon,belonging to the Center of the Earth,and symbolizes the divine right of emperors.Therefore,the color of the Forbidden City(see Figure 1)is of great significance to the development of history and the revival of culture.We still need to work determinedly for the protection of the cultural heritages,so that more people can have the opportunity to understand the brilliance of Chinese civilization.

Landscape and Natural Colors in Architectural Design

The method of research and design that characterized Gellner has been analyzed in depth in this research and his own steps have been retraced on some themes.The uniqueness of his method lies in the way he transformed the data and information gathered into design outcomes on both a large and small scale by reinterpreting traditional architecture and reconstructing elements of the landscape through its shapes and colors.This method applied to town planning also led other planners to use the elements he synthesized within their projects,creating a contemporary landscape for the great event of the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d’Ampezzo.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of this approach to the transformation of the territory and to emphasize the need to preserve these significant works also in view of the new Olympic event that will cross these valleys in 2026.

The Colors of the Eiffel Tower: A Case Study

Architectures undergoing restoration often have numerous layers of color related to their history and previous interventions.Each layer takes on its own precise meaning related to a specific history and cultural context.The case of the Eiffel Tower becomes significant in illustrating past events and designing future intervention.

Angle robust transmitted plasmonic colors with different surroundings utilizing localized surface plasmon resonance

Color filters in different surroundings inherently suffer from angular sensitivity,which hinders their practical applications.Here,we present an angle-insensitive plasmonic filter that can produce different color responses to different surrounding environments.The color filters are based on a two-dimensional periodically and randomly distributed silver nanodisk array on a silica substrate.The proposed plasmonic color filters not only produce bright colors by altering the diameter of the Ag nanodisk,but also achieve continuous color palettes by changing the surrounding environment.Due to the weak coupling between the metallic nanodisks,the plasmonic color filters can enable good incident angle-insensitive properties(up to 30°).The strategy presented here could exhibit robust and promising applicability in anti-counterfeiting and imaging technologies.

From Winckelmann to Restoration of the Colors:Modern Architecture from Kodachrome to B&W

The restoration of modern architecture raises open issues starting from the interpretation of its original colors.The essay investigates the different approaches emerged by restoration works that have led to erroneous restitution of the building’s image.

Associative Meanings of Colors in Chinese and English Cultures

Colors are endowed into many different associative meanings by different peoples and countries under the various cultural backgrounds and people make it express testimonial and depreciated meaning. There is not only the same aspect, but also the differences. Moreover, some factors such as geographical environment, public sentiment custom, thinking mode, religious belief, and national psychology also influence it. Each kind of color is regarded the difference for every nation's person. This article analyzes and investigates the associative meaning of the color in the Chinese and English cultures. And then it will let the reader learn well and more the associative meaning under the different cultural background.

Background dominant colors extraction method based on color image quick fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm

A quick and accurate extraction of dominant colors of background images is the basis of adaptive camouflage design.This paper proposes a Color Image Quick Fuzzy C-Means(CIQFCM)clustering algorithm based on clustering spatial mapping.First,the clustering sample space was mapped from the image pixels to the quantized color space,and several methods were adopted to compress the amount of clustering samples.Then,an improved pedigree clustering algorithm was applied to obtain the initial class centers.Finally,CIQFCM clustering algorithm was used for quick extraction of dominant colors of background image.After theoretical analysis of the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm,several experiments were carried out to discuss the selection of proper quantization intervals and to verify the effect and efficiency of the CIQFCM algorithm.The results indicated that the value of quantization intervals should be set to 4,and the proposed algorithm could improve the clustering efficiency while maintaining the clustering effect.In addition,as the image size increased from 128×128 to 1024×1024,the efficiency improvement of CIQFCM algorithm was increased from 6.44 times to 36.42 times,which demonstrated the significant advantage of CIQFCM algorithm in dominant colors extraction of large-size images.

巧整合 重交际 求跨越——《Learn the colors》教学案例

进入21世纪,我国基础教育信息化得以蓬勃发展,但一直以来的粗放式发展模式,导致教育信息化建设陷入“大投入没有大产出,高投资没有高效益”的尴尬境地。在应用层面,表面热闹的课程整合也一直没能走向深入,虽然新技术不断涌现并进入教育领域,但到目前为止,这些新技术的应用并没有为基础教育改革带来人们所热切期望的效果和效益。教育工作者们开始对现有的教育理论和教育实践方法进行反思。本刊在2005年11、12两期连载了何克抗教授的《基础教育跨越式发展创新实验》,在中小学教育实践领域中引起了强烈反响。何克抗教授提出的儿童思维发展新论、语觉论、双主教学结构理论等,从一个全新的角度揭示了学生思维发展的规律和可能潜藏的巨大的学习能力,为信息技术与学科教学进行深层次的整合奠定了新的理论基础。可以认为,这有可能成为信息技术促进教学发展,实现基础教育跨越式发展的一个有效的突破口。经历了5年的探索,“基础教育跨越式发展创新实验”项目在全国10多个实验区110所实验学校已经开始显现出良好的效果,得到实验区学校、教师、家长和教育行政部门的认可。为让关注该项目的教育工作者对其进展和效果有更深入、更全面的了解,本期我们邀请课题组专家详细介绍该项目的实施策略、保障措施及最新的实验结果,并选择语文、英语教学案例各2篇,供读者借鉴。

Analysis of Colors of Ancient Villages in Jiangsu-Anhui Region Based on Cultural Connotation

Colors of ancient villages in Jiangsu-Anhui Region are of classic beauty and in elegant taste,representing a neutral color system composed of 3 kinds of lightness,namely black,white,and gray.The formation of that feature is closely related with the development of feudal society in China as well as the natural environment and folk culture of Jiangsu-Anhui Region.This paper analyzed the cultural connotation reflected by the colors of the ancient villages in Jiangsu-Anhui Region,explored the causes of its colors in terms of ancient law,regional exchange,and customs in that region,and revealed the historical context and cultural characteristics of the ancient villages south of the Yangtze River,so as to provide a frame of reference for the protection and development of historical and cultural heritage in the ancient villages.

Liu Wei:Colors

Liu Wei’s art draws on a wide range of formal references,including urban planning,commodity culture,fashion,architecture,technology,and biology.As UCCA Director Philip Tinari notes,"Present throughout Liu Wei’s practice is a unique sense of how juxtapositions of objects and materials create meanings,and of how objects placed in space structure viewers’experiences."In many places inside the exhibition,

Kaleidoscope in Jazz Age： On Symbolic Meanings of Colors in The Great Gatsby

F. S. Fitzgerald is one of the greatest American novelists and his work, The Great Gatsby is the paradigmatic writing of Jazz Age. In the fiction, the symbolic representation of colors is more strikingly exhibited, which is part and parcel of the total artistic achievement of this masterpiece. This essay intends to explore the symbolic meanings of colors in the novel, suggesting that the color imagery contributes to reproducing the kaleidoscope in the magnificent social life of Jazz Age and implies the inevitable disillusionment of the protagonist＇s American dream that is defined as his pursuit of romantic love with Daisy, further intertwined with the search for a personal grail.

Symbolic Images of Colors, Animals and Machines in The Red Badge of Courage

Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.

Study on the Use of Nationalities Decorative Colors in Modem Packaging Design

In modem packaging design, color, as an element of the intense visual impact, plays a very important role, and also can effectively enhance the effect of commercial packaging. However, uniqueness is necessarily available in the design of packaging according to the increase of consumer demand and the increasingly fierce market competition, while one of the effective ways to improve the effect of packaging design is to make full use of nationalities decorative colors. In this paper, the use of nationalities decorative colors in the modem packaging design is studied.

An Analysis of the Symbolic Colors in The Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorn is the greatest American romantic novelist during the nineteenth century.He is skillful at the using of symbolism in his works,especially in his masterpiece The Scarlet Letter.Hawthorn is a writer with art talent,who uses different colors to enhance the artistic effects of The scarlet Letter.Colors emerging on the most occasions are used as a mayor form of symbolism to reflect the character’s feelings,personalities and fates.This paper aims to elaborate the usage of colors as a form of symbolism in three parts:the symbolic meaning of red,the symbolic meaning of black,and the symbolic meaning of grey.

United Colors of BENETTON 不同的肤色 共同的贝纳通

一副手铐连着的两只黑、白肤色的手、三颗同样鲜红却标示着"white\black\yellow"的心脏、黑人母亲怀中的白种婴儿、牧师与修女的接吻、武器下的骨骸……这些主题的摄影照片在上个世纪末的10年间,

Disillusion of American Dream——Analysis of Symbolic Meanings of Colors in The Great Gatsby

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald's famous novel The Great Gatsby tells us a story about a young man named Gatsby who from thebottom of society,he tries to pursue love and happiness through struggle and hard-working,but finally the dream fails and he is mur-dered.In the novel Fitzgerald combines the symbol of colors with theme of the novel"the disillusion of American dream"tightly and wit-tingly creating an organic unity like nature itself.Via analyzing such writing skill,let readers have a better understanding of the essenceof American Dream and the luxurious and decadent living conditions and perplexed and blank mental states of the lost generations afterWWI.The Great Gatsby;