Efficient Generation of Conforming Voronoi Polygonal Surface Mesh

A novel construction algorithm is presented to generate a conforming Voronoi mesh for any planar straight line graph (PSLG). It is also extended to tesselate multiple-intersected PSLGs. All the algorithms are guaranteed to converge. Examples are given to illustrate its efficiency.

A Generalized Point Conforming Rectangular Plate Element

A generalized point conforming rectangular element for plate bending is proposed. The present element displacement field can not only satisfy the continuity of normal displacement and its derivative at the element node, but also satisfy the generalized continuity at the middle point of each element boundary, where the generalized conforming condition is to make the non-conforming residual to be minimum. Numerical results show that the proposed element is more accurate than the ordinary 4-node non-conforming rectangular plate element (ACM element).

AN OPTIMAL V-CYCLE MULTIGRID METHOD FOR CONFORMING AND NONCONFORMING PLATE ELEMENTS

In this paper, an optimal V-cycle multigrid method for some conforming and nonconforming plate elements are constructed. A new method dealing with nonnested multigrid methods is presented.

Conforming to the Trend at An Appropriate Time——My Thoughts on the Building of the Silk Road Economic Belt

During his state visit to Kazakhstan this September,President Xi Jinping made a concrete proposal to build a Silk Road Economic Belt(SREB for short in the following paragraphs)from the aspects of policy communication,road connectivity,

Numerical Experiments Using MATLAB: Superconvergence of Conforming Finite, Element Approximation for Second Order, Elliptic Problems

The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the finite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and analyzed superconvergence of the conforming finite element method by L2-projections. The goal of this paper is to perform numerical experiments using MATLAB to support and to verify the theoretical results in Wang for the superconvergence of the conforming finite element method (CFEM) for the second order elliptic problems by L2-projection methods. MATLAB codes are published at https://github.com/annaleeharris/Superconvergence-CFEM for anyone to use and to study.

CONSERVATIVE CONFORMING AND NONCONFORMING VEMS FOR FOURTH ORDER NONLINEAR SCHRODINGER EQUATIONS WITH TRAPPED TERM

This paper aims to construct and analyze the conforming and nonconforming virtual element methods for a class of fourth order nonlinear Schrodinger equations with trapped term.We mainly consider three types of virtual elements,including H^(2) conforming virtual element,C^(0) nonconforming virtual element and Morley-type nonconforming virtual element.The fully discrete schemes are constructed by virtue of virtual element methods in space and modified Crank-Nicolson method in time.We prove the mass and energy conservation,the boundedness and the unique solvability of the fully discrete schemes.After introducing a new type of the Ritz projection,the optimal and unconditional error estimates for the fully discrete schemes are presented and proved.Finally,two numerical examples are investigated to confirm our theoretical analysis.

HOW TO PROVE THE DISCRETE RELIABILITY FOR NONCONFORMING FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Optimal convergence rates of adaptive finite element methods are well understood in terms of the axioms of adaptivity.One key ingredient is the discrete reliability of a residualbased a posteriori error estimator,which controls the error of two discrete finite element solutions based on two nested triangulations.In the error analysis of nonconforming finite element methods,like the Crouzeix-Raviart or Morley finite element schemes,the difference of the piecewise derivatives of discontinuous approximations to the distributional gradients of global Sobolev functions plays a dominant role and is the object of this paper.The nonconforming interpolation operator,which comes natural with the definition of the aforementioned nonconforming finite element in the sense of Ciarlet,allows for stability and approximation properties that enable direct proofs of the reliability for the residual that monitors the equilibrium condition.The novel approach of this paper is the suggestion of a right-inverse of this interpolation operator in conforming piecewise polynomials to design a nonconforming approximation of a given coarse-grid approximation on a refined triangulation.The results of this paper allow for simple proofs of the discrete reliability in any space dimension and multiply connected domains on general shape-regular triangulations beyond newest-vertex bisection of simplices.Particular attention is on optimal constants in some standard discrete estimates listed in the appendices.

基于语音信号时频特征融合的帕金森病检测方法

发音障碍是帕金森病的早期症状之一。近年来,基于语音信号的帕金森病检测的研究大多采用梅尔刻度下的相关语音特征与深度神经网络模型相结合的方法。然而,现有的模型无法充分关注语音信号的全局时序信息,且梅尔刻度特征在准确表征帕金森病的病理信息方面效果有限。为此,提出了一种基于语音时频特征融合的帕金森病检测方法。首先,提取语音的梅尔频率倒谱系数,并将其作为模型的输入。接着,在已有的S-vectors模型中引入Conformer编码器模块,以提取语音的时域全局特征。最后,将与帕金森病语音检测相关的频域全局特征嵌入时域特征中进行时频信息融合,以实现帕金森病语音检测。在公开帕金森病语音数据集和自采语音数据集上验证了方法的有效性。

An H^1-Galerkin Nonconforming Mixed Finite Element Method for Integro-Differential Equation of Parabolic Type

H1-Galerkin nonconforming mixed finite element methods are analyzed for integro-differential equation of parabolic type.By use of the typical characteristic of the elements,we obtain that the Galerkin mixed approximations have the same rates of convergence as in the classical mixed method,but without LBB stability condition.

Evaluation for Small Visual Difference Between Conforming Meshes on Strain Field

This paper gives a method of quantifying small visual differences between 3D mesh models with conforming topology, based on the theory of strain fields. Strain field is a geometric quantity in elasticity which is used to describe the deformation of elastomer. In this paper we consider the 3D models as objects with elasticity. The further demonstrations are provided： the first is intended to give the reader a visual impression of how our measure works in practice; and the second is to give readers a visual impression of how our measure works in evaluating filter algorithms. Our experiments show that our difference estimates are well correlated with human perception of differences. This work has applications in the evaluation of 3D mesh watermarking, 3D mesh compression reconstruction, and 3D mesh filtering.

Local a priori/a posteriori error estimates of conforming finite elements approximation for Steklov eigenvalue problems

Based on the work of Xu and Zhou(2000),this paper makes a further discussion on conforming finite elements approximation for Steklov eigenvalue problems,and proves a local a priori error estimate and a new local a posteriori error estimate in ||·||1,Ω0 norm for conforming elements eigenfunction,which has not been studied in existing literatures.

C^1 conforming quadrilateral finite elements with complete secondorder derivatives on vertices and its application to Kirchhoff plates

The classical problem of the construction of C^1 conforming single-patch quadrilateral finite elements has been solved in this investigation by using the blending function interpolation method.In order to achieve the C^1 conformity on the interfaces of quadrilateral elements,complete second-order derivatives are used at the element vertices,and the information of geometrical mapping is also considered into the construction of shape functions.It is found that the shape functions and the polynomial spaces of the present elements vary with element shapes.However,the developed quadrilateral elements are at least third order for general quadrilateral shapes and fifth order for rectangular shapes.Therefore,very fast convergence can be achieved.A promising feature of the present elements is that they can be used in cooperation with those high-precision rectangular and triangular elements.Since the present elements are over conforming on element vertices,an approach for handling problems of material discontinuity is also proposed.Numerical examples of Kirchhoff plates are employed to demonstrate the computational performance of the present elements.

Conforming Courts,Homegrown Hominids,The Outer Outlet,and Cash Crop Culture

Much is said of China’s judicial system and much more remains conspicuously unsaid,but recent changes have seen promising reforms for the state’s beleaguered court system.For starters,the authorities are beginning to take notice that judges,those on the front lines of dispensing-justice,are underpaid,overworked,and unappreciated.There’s also the rather troubling matter of jurisdiction,but recent changes have provided more provincial

基于改进Conformer的新闻领域端到端语音识别

目前,开源的中文语音识别数据集大多面向通用领域,缺少面向新闻领域的开源语音识别语料库,因此该文构建了面向新闻领域的中文语音识别数据集CH_NEWS_ASR,并使用ESPNET-0.9.6框架的RNN、Transformer和Conformer等模型对数据集的有效性进行了验证,实验表明,该文所构建的语料在最好的模型上CER为4.8%,SER为39.4%。由于新闻联播主持人说话语速相对较快,该文构建的数据集文本平均长度为28个字符,是Aishell_1数据集文本平均长度的2倍;且以往的研究中训练目标函数通常为基于字或词水平,缺乏明确的句子水平关系,因此该文提出了一个句子层级的一致性模块,与Conformer模型结合,直接减少源语音和目标文本的表示差异,在开源的Aishell_1数据集上其CER降低0.4%,SER降低2%;在CH_NEWS_ASR数据集上其CER降低0.9%,SER降低3%,实验结果表明,该方法在不增加模型参数量的前提下能有效提升语音识别的质量。

基于Conformer的端到端语音识别方法

针对Conformer编码器的声学输入网络对FBank语音信息提取不足和通道特征信息缺失问题,提出一种RepVGG-SE-Conformer的端到端语音识别方法。首先,利用RepVGG的多分支结构,增强模型的语音信息提取能力,而在模型推理时通过结构重参数化将多分支融合为单分支,以降低计算复杂度、加快模型推理速度。然后,利用基于压缩和激励网络的通道注意力机制弥补缺失的通道特征信息,以提高语音识别准确率。最后,在公开数据集Aishell-1上的实验结果表明:相较于Conformer,所提出方法的字错误率降低了10.67%,验证了方法的先进性。此外,RepVGG-SE声学输入网络能够有效提高多种Transformer变体的端到端语音识别模型的整体性能,具有很好的泛化能力。

基于层次化Conformer的语音合成

语音合成需要将输入语句的文本转换为包含音素、单词和语句的语音信号。现有语音合成方法将语句看作一个整体,难以准确地合成出不同长度的语音信号。通过分析语音信号中蕴含的层次化关系,分别设计基于Conformer的层次化文本编码器和基于Conformer的层次化语音编码器,并提出了一种基于层次化文本-语音Conformer的语音合成模型。首先,该模型根据输入文本信号的长度,构建层次化文本编码器,包括音素级、单词级、语句级文本编码器3个层次,不同层次的文本编码器描述不同长度的文本信息;并使用Conformer的注意力机制来学习该长度信号中不同时间特征之间的关系。利用层次化的文本编码器,能够找出语句中不同长度需要强调的信息,有效实现不同长度的文本特征提取,缓解合成的语音信号持续时间长度不确定的问题。其次,层次化语音编码器包括音素级、单词级、语句级语音编码器3个层次。每个层次的语音编码器将文本特征作为Conformer的查询向量,将语音特征作为Conformer的关键字向量和值向量,来提取文本特征和语音特征的匹配关系。利用层次化的语音编码器和文本语音匹配关系,可以缓解不同长度语音信号合成不准确的问题。所提模型的层次化文本-语音编码器可以灵活地嵌入现有的多种解码器中,通过文本和语音之间的互补,提供更为可靠的语音合成结果。在LJSpeech和LibriTTS两个数据集上进行实验验证,实验结果表明,所提方法的梅尔倒谱失真小于现有语音合成方法。

3D‑Printed Carbon‑Based Conformal Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Module for Integrated Electronics

Electromagnetic interference shielding(EMI SE)modules are the core com-ponent of modern electronics.However,the tra-ditional metal-based SE modules always take up indispensable three-dimensional space inside electronics,posing a major obstacle to the integra-tion of electronics.The innovation of integrating 3D-printed conformal shielding(c-SE)modules with packaging materials onto core electronics offers infinite possibilities to satisfy ideal SE func-tion without occupying additional space.Herein,the 3D printable carbon-based inks with various proportions of graphene and carbon nanotube nanoparticles are well-formulated by manipulating their rheological peculiarity.Accordingly,the free-constructed architectures with arbitrarily-customized structure and multifunctionality are created via 3D printing.In particular,the SE performance of 3D-printed frame is up to 61.4 dB,simultaneously accompanied with an ultralight architecture of 0.076 g cm^(-3) and a superhigh specific shielding of 802.4 dB cm3 g^(-1).Moreover,as a proof-of-concept,the 3D-printed c-SE module is in situ integrated into core electronics,successfully replacing the traditional metal-based module to afford multiple functions for electromagnetic compatibility and thermal dissipa-tion.Thus,this scientific innovation completely makes up the blank for assembling carbon-based c-SE modules and sheds a brilliant light on developing the next generation of high-performance shielding materials with arbitrarily-customized structure for integrated electronics.

基于特征提示的跨语种语音识别模型

跨语种语音识别是一种利用多种源语言的数据来训练一个能够识别目标语言的语音识别系统,它可以促进不同语言和文化之间的交流和理解。为解决跨语种语音识别存在着如何利用多语种数据来提高低资源语言的识别性能,源语言和目标语言之间的领域偏移或干扰,不同语言之间的任务权重和数据分布等问题,通过特征提示的方法研究跨语种语音识别模型;为简化传统需要专业人员对音素进行统一标注的过程,通过对原数据标识对应语种的方法研究跨语种语音数据标注方式,在2个公开数据集上进行实验。结果表明:所提模型相比于目前主流的语音识别模型Conformer模型平均错误率降低46.44%,相比于基线模型平均错误率降低2.1%,达到较高的识别准确率。研究成果为跨语种语音识别领域提供了新的思路和方法。

Classifying rockburst with confidence:A novel conformal prediction approach

The scientific community recognizes the seriousness of rockbursts and the need for effective mitigation measures.The literature reports various successful applications of machine learning(ML)models for rockburst assessment;however,a significant question remains unanswered:How reliable are these models,and at what confidence level are classifications made?Typically,ML models output single rockburst grade even in the face of intricate and out-of-distribution samples,without any associated confidence value.Given the susceptibility of ML models to errors,it becomes imperative to quantify their uncertainty to prevent consequential failures.To address this issue,we propose a conformal prediction(CP)framework built on traditional ML models(extreme gradient boosting and random forest)to generate valid classifications of rockburst while producing a measure of confidence for its output.The proposed framework guarantees marginal coverage and,in most cases,conditional coverage on the test dataset.The CP was evaluated on a rockburst case in the Sanshandao Gold Mine in China,where it achieved high coverage and efficiency at applicable confidence levels.Significantly,the CP identified several“confident”classifications from the traditional ML model as unreliable,necessitating expert verification for informed decision-making.The proposed framework improves the reliability and accuracy of rockburst assessments,with the potential to bolster user confidence.

Soft,body conformable electronics for thermoregulation enabled by kirigami

The application of thermoelectric devices(TEDs)for personalized thermoregulation is attractive for saving energy while balancing the quality of life.TEDs that directly attach to human skin remarkably minimized the energy wasted for cooling the entire environment.However,facing the extreme dynamic geometry change and strain of human skin,conventional TEDs cannot align with the contour of our bodies for the best thermoregulation effect.Hence,we designed a kirigami-based wearable TED with excellent water vapor permeability,flexibility,and conformability.Numerical analysis and experimental results reveal that our product can withstand various types of large mechanical deformation without circuit rupture.The stated outcome and proposed facile approach not only reinforce the development of wearable TEDs but also offer an innovative opportunity for different electronics that require high conformability.