BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient setting.LBP can arise from various causes,with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable contri...BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient setting.LBP can arise from various causes,with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable contributor.The administration of Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)has been found to alleviate back pain by relaxing these stiff muscles.While BoNT-A is approved for use in numerous conditions,a limited number of randomized clinical trials(RCTs)validate its efficacy specifically for treating LBP.AIM To study the safety and the efficacy of BoNT-A in minimizing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients of chronic LBP(CLBP).METHODS In this RCT,adults aged 18-60 years with mechanical LBP persisting for at least six months were enrolled.Participants were allocated to either the Drug group,receiving 200 Ipsen Units(2 mL)of BoNT-A,or the Control group,which received a 2 mL placebo.Over a 2-month follow-up period,both groups were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)for disability at the start and conclusion of the study.A decrease in pain by 50%was deemed clinically significant.RESULTS The study followed 40 patients for two months,with 20 in each group.A clinically significant reduction in pain was observed in 36 participants.There was a statistically significant decrease in both VAS and ODI scores in the groups at the end of two months.Nonetheless,when comparing the mean score changes,only the reduction in ODI scores(15 in the placebo group vs 16.5 in the drug group,clinically insignificant)was statistically significant(P=0.012),whereas the change in mean VAS scores was not significant(P=0.45).CONCLUSION The study concludes that BoNT-A does not offer a short-term advantage over placebo in reducing pain or improving LBP scores in CLBP patients.展开更多
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of t...Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients i...AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients indicated for esophagectomy received esophageal stents.A part of patients completed 3D-CRT after stenting.Efficacy was assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic scan before and 4 wk after completion of the treatment.The median survival,3D-CRT toxicity and complications were compared between 3D-CRT and control groups.RESULTS:From 1999 to 2008,99 consecutive patients with T3/T4 disease and unsuitable for esophagectomy were placed with esophageal stents.Sixty-seven patients received 3D-CRT,while 36 patients treated withendoscopic stents alone were recruited as controls.After 3D-CRT treatment,the median tumor volume of 3D-CRT patients were reduced significantly from 43.7 ± 10.2 cm 3 to 28.8 ± 8.5 cm 3 (P < 0.05).The complete and partial response rate was 85.1%,and no response was 14.9%.After 3D-CRT,the incidence rate of T2 and T3 disease evident on CT scan increased to 78.4% while T4 decreased from 66.7% to 21.6% (P < 0.05).3DCRT Karnofsky Performance Status improved in 3D-CRT patients compared with the control group (P=0.031).3D-CRT patients had a longer survival than the control group (251.7 d vs 91.1 d,P < 0.05).And the median half-year survival rate in 3D-CRT group (91%) was higher than in the control group (50%,P < 0.05).The most common toxicity was leukocytopenia in the 3D-CRT group (46.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.008).The control group had a higher rate of restenosis than the 3D-CRT group (81.3% vs 9.0%,P < 0.05).The rate of nephrotoxicity was increased in 3D-CRT as compared with the control group (31.3% vs 15.6%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:3D-CRT can improve dysphagia in patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma.3D-CRT combined with stenting results in better survival as compared with endoscopic stents used alone.展开更多
A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide(OP)exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity a...A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide(OP)exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale(BIS)and the Aggression Inventory(AI).展开更多
The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months o...The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.展开更多
To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to ...To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn't pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity (OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481), neonatal disease (OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534), family history of congenital hearing loss (OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300) and birth weight (OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648). It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.展开更多
Information was obtained from the same questionnaire (23 risk factors listed) of cases and controls. We used a multivariate logistic model, which described variables significantly increased risk of birth defects....Information was obtained from the same questionnaire (23 risk factors listed) of cases and controls. We used a multivariate logistic model, which described variables significantly increased risk of birth defects. The risk factors included maternal educational levels, medicine taken during pregnancy and antenatal care. It was suggested to strengthen antenatal care was the main preventive measure against birth defects.展开更多
With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea.Numerous studies have been done on the ant...With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea.Numerous studies have been done on the antioxidant effects of some vitamins in the prevention of chronic illness, but not many in relation to the cardiovascular disease.Therefore, the relation between antioxidant vitamins, mainly α-tocopherol (α-T) and B-carotene (B-C), and coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction has been investigated in this study.The blood samples were obtained from the CAD patients who were angiographically diagnosed within a month (100 case group). Patients who had an experience of PTCA or CABG were excluded from the study. Control subjects were healthy adults who had normal EKG values, no chest pain and no past history of cardiac disease (100 control group). All subjects were free of serum lipid lowering drugs. Serum α-T and B-C were analysed using HPLC. In addition to antioxidant vitamins, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, TG) were also measured. Each case and control was matched in terms of age and sex. And all the CAD risk factors such as blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, serum lipid profile and BMI were adjusted to determine pure effect(s) of α-T and B-C on the CAD.The concentrations of both α-T and B-C were significantly lower in the CAD group than those in control group (P<0.05); in CAD group, mean values of α-T and B-C were 11.9±7.2 (μg/ml), 35.8±3.1 (μg/dl) respectively. As for the levels of B-C, it shows inverse relation with age, but not for the α-T Ievels. Serum levels of both vitamins did not show any significant differences in terms of sex, but men have a tendency o higher levels of B-C,but lower levels of α-T展开更多
Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the e...Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients展开更多
Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lyci...Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.展开更多
Background Patellar fracture and cruciate ligament injury are a common consequence of traumatic knee injury. Patellar fracture combined with cruciate ligament injury is rarely reported, although the mechanisms of two ...Background Patellar fracture and cruciate ligament injury are a common consequence of traumatic knee injury. Patellar fracture combined with cruciate ligament injury is rarely reported, although the mechanisms of two things are similar. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of closed patella fracture combined with cruciate ligament injury.展开更多
Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significantmorbidity in early childhood. A pilot study was undertaken to identify the role of various risk factorsSouth Indian ...Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significantmorbidity in early childhood. A pilot study was undertaken to identify the role of various risk factorsSouth Indian children with AOM, especially the role of nasopharyngeal otopathogens.Methodology: A prospective case control pilot study was conducted in children aged below six years,presenting to a single tertiary care from 2018 to 2019. Fifty cases with AOM and 45 age and gendermatched controls were recruited. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, one was processed forbacterial culture. The other swab was processed according to the CDC recommended broth enrichmentmethod to identify carriage of S. pneumoniae. Subsequent serotyping was done by Quellung method andconventional sequential multiplex PCR.Result: Otalgia was the major presentation seen in 92% of the children with AOM. None of the clinical anddemographic characteristics were found to be statistically significant between the cases and controls. Themost common otopathogen was S. pneumoniae (55%) followed by H. influenza (29%). The commonS. pneumoniae serotypes encountered were 11A and 19F.Nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae[OR 6.57, p < 0.003] and H. influenzae [OR14.18, p < 0.003] were significant risk factors for AOM inchildren. The risk increased with co-colonization (OR 13.89,p < 0.003).Conclusion: This study strengthens the significant association between nasopharyngeal colonization ofotopathogens and AOM as a risk factor that is enhanced by co-colonization.S. pneumoniae was the mainotopathogen in this population, serotypes 11A and 19F being the most common.展开更多
Thoracic aortic dissection(TAD)without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD(STAD).So far,the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown.Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patient...Thoracic aortic dissection(TAD)without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD(STAD).So far,the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown.Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patients and 414 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population(N=637).After population structure and genetic relationship and ancestry analyses,we used the optimal sequence kernel association test to identify the candidate genes or variants of STAD.We found that COL3A1 was significantly relevant to STAD(P=7.35×10^(−6))after 10000 times permutation test(P=2.49×10^(−3)).Moreover,another independent cohort,including 423 cases and 734 non-STAD subjects(N=1157),replicated our results(P=0.021).Further bioinformatics analysis showed that COL3A1 was highly expressed in dissected aortic tissues,and its expression was related to the extracellular matrix(ECM)pathway.Our study identified a profile of known heritable TAD genes in the Chinese STAD population and found that COL3A1 could increase the risk of STAD through the ECM pathway.We wanted to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis and pathology of STAD,which may further help in providing better genetic counseling to the patients.展开更多
Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).With this study we aimed to investigate whether Onchocerca volvulus infection is a ri...Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).With this study we aimed to investigate whether Onchocerca volvulus infection is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.Methods:Between October and December 2015,a multi-centre case control study was performed in onchocerciasis endemic health zones(HZ)in the DRC:one study site was situated in Tshopo Province in the HZ of Wanierukula(village of Salambongo)where there had been 13 annual community distributions of treatment with ivermectin(CDTI),a second was situated in Ituri Province in the HZ of Logo(village of Draju)where ivermectin had never been distributed and in the HZ of Rethy(village of Rassia)where there had been THREE CDTI annual campaigns before the study.Individuals with unprovoked convulsive epilepsy of unknown etiology were enrolled as cases(n=175).Randomly selected healthy members of families without epilepsy cases from the same village and age-groups and were recruited as controls(n=170).Results:Onchocerciasis associated symptoms(e.g.,itching and abnormal skin)were more often present in cases compared to controls(respectively,OR=2.63,95%CI:1.63-4.23,P<0.0001 and OR=3.23,95%CI:1.48-7.09,P=0.0034).A higher number of cases was found to present with microfilariae in skin snips and with O.volvulus IgG4 antibodies in the blood compared to controls.Moreover,the microfilariae load in skin snips was 3-10 times higher in cases than controls.Conclusions:This case control study confirms that O.volvulus is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.展开更多
Background and Aims:The management of post-endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)bleeding ulcers(PEBUs)is currently based on local expertise and patients liver disease status.The present retrospective study investigated as...Background and Aims:The management of post-endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)bleeding ulcers(PEBUs)is currently based on local expertise and patients liver disease status.The present retrospective study investigated associations between the endoscopic morphology of PEBUs and patient outcomes.Methods:Patients underwent EVL(primary or secondary),from January 2015 to January 2018,in two tertiary care hospitals in India(ILBS New Delhi and Dharamshila Narayana New Delhi).Mortality rates were determined at post-EVL day five and week six.PEBUs were typified based on Jamwal&Sarin classification system as follows:A,ulcer with active spurting;B,ulcer with ooze;C,ulcer base with visible vessel or clot;and D,clean or pigmented base.Results:Of 3854 EVL procedures,141(3.6%)patients developed PEBU,and 46/141(32.6%)suffered mortality.Among the former,the PEBU types A,B,C,and D accounted for 17.7,26.2,36.3,and 19.8%,respectively.Of those who died,39.1,30.4,21.7,and 8.8%had PEBU types A,B,C,and D.Treatments included transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS),esophageal self-expandable metal stent(SEMS),glue and sclerosant injection,Sengstaken-Blakemore tube placement and liver transplant.On univariate analysis,no correlation with hepatic venous pressure gradient,TIPS placement,size of varices,or number of bands was found.The Model for EndStage Liver Disease(MELD)-sodium score correlated positively with outcome.After adjusting for MELD-sodium score,mortality was best predicted by type-A ulcer(p=0.024;OR 8.95,CI 1.34-59.72).Conclusions:PEBU occurred in 3.6%of a large EVL cohort.Stratifying patients based on PEBU type can help predict outcomes,independent of the MELD-sodium score.Classifying PEBUs by endoscopic morphology may inform treatment strategies,and warrants further validation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE By analysis and evaluation of the perfusion images and perfusion parameters of the rabbits with VX2 lung tumor, the association between the perfusion parameters and tumor angiogenesis of patients with squamo...OBJECTIVE By analysis and evaluation of the perfusion images and perfusion parameters of the rabbits with VX2 lung tumor, the association between the perfusion parameters and tumor angiogenesis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has been studied in order to establish a non-invasive and effective way to detect tumor blood supply, which is be able to exhibit hemodynamic data in tumors during cancer treatments. METHODS Fifteen Netherlands rabbits inoculated with VX2 lung tumor (rabbit group) and 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (patient group) received a multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging test using the Netherlands PHILIPS Brilliance 16-slice spiral CT and a U.S. MEDRAD binocular highpressure syringe. Image postprocessing was done using the special perfusion software and EBW 4.0 Workstation. Perfusion volume (PV), peak enhanced increment (PEI), transit time peak (TTP), and blood volume (BV) were measured and analyzed. RESULTS In the rabbit group, the values of the PV, PEI, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (53.89 ± 13.38) mL/(min.mL), (45.71 ± 15.52) Hu, (39.29 ± 10.10) sec, and (31.45 ± 18.19) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (36.57 ± 14.17) mL/(min.mL), (28.64 ± 11.74) Hu, (39.00 + 9.78) sec, and (19.76 ± 13.95) mL/100 g, respectively; the values of the muscles were (12.45± 4.38) mL/(min.mL), (10.98 ± 5.03) Hu, (38.86 ± 10.04) sec, and (5.38 ±2.87) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the relative perfusion volume (RPV), relative peak enhanced increment (RPEI), and relative blood volume (RBV) of the tumor margin were 4.38 ± 1.45, 3.96± 1.45, 9.99 ± 11.7, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.14 ± 1.08, 1.83±1.45, 4.17 ±3.39, respectively. The values of the PV, PEL BV of the tumor margin vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 15.028, 10.79, and 5.88, respectively (P ≤ 0.01), with statistical significance; the values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 8.67, 7.49, and 4.55, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with statistical significance. The values of the TTP of the tumor margin vs. TTP values of the muscles, and the TTP values of the tumor center vs. TTP values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 1.7 and 0.806, respectively (P ≥ 0.05), without statistical significance. In the patient group, the values of the PV, PE, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (88.95 ± 30.89) mL/(min.mL), (61.87 ± 27.31) Hu, (37.72 ± 12.53) sec, and (18.38 ± 7.2) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (39.77 ± 18.29) mL/(min.mL), (14.57 ± 8.1) Hu, (35.64 ± 12.41) sec, and (11.22 ± 6.02) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the muscles were (12.45 ± 6.5) mL/(min.mL), (6.14 ± 2.66) Hu, (35.68± 12.35) sec, and (2.23 ± 1.11) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the RPV, RPEI, and RBV of the tumor margin were 8.05 ± 5.04, 8.87 ± 4.32, and 12.16 ± 8.49, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.39 ± 1.68, 2.97 ± 2.1, 3.53 ± 2.82, respectively. The values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor margin in the patient group vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 13.8, 10.85, and 12.22, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with significant differences; these values of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 9.158, 6.26, 8.654, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with significant differences. The TTP value of the tumor margin vs. that of the muscles produced t-value, which was 0.371, and the TTP value of the tumor center vs. that of the muscles developed t-value, which was 1 (P 〉 0.05), without statistical difference. CONCLUSION CT perfusion imaging technics demonstrates directly dynamic changes of blood flow to tumors, which assists in identifying tumor growth and necrosis, therefore, this research provides an evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma and has far-reaching clinical significance.展开更多
We aimed to describe the distribution of tuberculosis (TB) health workers in China and provide evidences of potential inequity for policy development. We used Lorenz curves and Gini index to characterize the distrib...We aimed to describe the distribution of tuberculosis (TB) health workers in China and provide evidences of potential inequity for policy development. We used Lorenz curves and Gini index to characterize the distribution of TB health workers by population size, geographical area and number of annual registered TB cases. An additional stratified analysis was done by three economic regions. The Gini index were 0.33 for population size, 0.62 for geographical area and 0.30 for number of registered tuberculosis cases that indicated an acceptable average, significant inequity and a relative average distribution nationwide respectively.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds (Fenu-FG) on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and b...Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds (Fenu-FG) on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and body fat in healthy male subjects during an 8-week resistance training program using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Methods: Sixty healthy male subjects were randomized to ingest capsules of Fenu-FG (1 capsule of 300 rag, twice per day) or the matching placebo at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week resistance-training program for 8 weeks. The outcome measurements were recorded at recruitment (baseline) and at the end of the treatment (8 weeks). The efficacy outcome included serum testosterone (total and free) levels, muscle strength and repetitions to failure, metabolic markers for anabolic activity (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), and % body fat. The standard safety measurements such as adverse events monitoring, vital signs, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis were performed. Results: Fenu-FG supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. Fenu-FG treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The Fenu-FG supplemen- tation was found to be safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion: Fenu-FG supplementation showed beneficial effects in male subjects during resistance training without any clinical side effects.展开更多
The method of using dielectrophoresis (DEP) to assemble graphene between micro-electrodes has been proven to be simple and efficient. We present an optimization method for the kinetic formula of graphene DEP, and di...The method of using dielectrophoresis (DEP) to assemble graphene between micro-electrodes has been proven to be simple and efficient. We present an optimization method for the kinetic formula of graphene DEP, and discuss the simulation of the graphene assembly process based on the finite element method. The simulated results illustrate that the accelerated motion of graphene is in agreement with the distribution of the electric field squared gradient. We also conduct research on the controllable parameters of the DEP assembly such as the alternating current (AC) frequency, the shape of micro-electrodes, and the ratio of the gap between electrodes to the characteristic/geometric length of graphene (λ). The simulations based on the Clausius-Mossotti factor reveal that both graphene velocity and direction are influenced by the AC frequency. When graphene is close to the electrodes, the shape of micro-electrodes will exert great influence on the velocity of graphene. Also, λ has a great influence on the velocity of graphene. Generally, the velocity of graphene would be greater when λ is in the range of 0.4 0.6. The study is of a theoretical guiding significance in improving the precision and efficiency of the graphene DEP assembly.展开更多
基金Supported by All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar Research Grant,No.AIIMS/BBSR/RS/2022/372.
文摘BACKGROUND Low back pain(LBP)is a prevalent issue that orthopedic surgeons frequently address in the outpatient setting.LBP can arise from various causes,with stiffness in the paraspinal muscles being a notable contributor.The administration of Botulinum toxin type A(BoNT-A)has been found to alleviate back pain by relaxing these stiff muscles.While BoNT-A is approved for use in numerous conditions,a limited number of randomized clinical trials(RCTs)validate its efficacy specifically for treating LBP.AIM To study the safety and the efficacy of BoNT-A in minimizing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients of chronic LBP(CLBP).METHODS In this RCT,adults aged 18-60 years with mechanical LBP persisting for at least six months were enrolled.Participants were allocated to either the Drug group,receiving 200 Ipsen Units(2 mL)of BoNT-A,or the Control group,which received a 2 mL placebo.Over a 2-month follow-up period,both groups were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain intensity and the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)for disability at the start and conclusion of the study.A decrease in pain by 50%was deemed clinically significant.RESULTS The study followed 40 patients for two months,with 20 in each group.A clinically significant reduction in pain was observed in 36 participants.There was a statistically significant decrease in both VAS and ODI scores in the groups at the end of two months.Nonetheless,when comparing the mean score changes,only the reduction in ODI scores(15 in the placebo group vs 16.5 in the drug group,clinically insignificant)was statistically significant(P=0.012),whereas the change in mean VAS scores was not significant(P=0.45).CONCLUSION The study concludes that BoNT-A does not offer a short-term advantage over placebo in reducing pain or improving LBP scores in CLBP patients.
基金This study was funded by a grant from the National Cancer Centre Singapore Research Fund(CEFIA 08113-25260790-CREF-IARC)(Grant No.CEFIA08136).
文摘Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients indicated for esophagectomy received esophageal stents.A part of patients completed 3D-CRT after stenting.Efficacy was assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic scan before and 4 wk after completion of the treatment.The median survival,3D-CRT toxicity and complications were compared between 3D-CRT and control groups.RESULTS:From 1999 to 2008,99 consecutive patients with T3/T4 disease and unsuitable for esophagectomy were placed with esophageal stents.Sixty-seven patients received 3D-CRT,while 36 patients treated withendoscopic stents alone were recruited as controls.After 3D-CRT treatment,the median tumor volume of 3D-CRT patients were reduced significantly from 43.7 ± 10.2 cm 3 to 28.8 ± 8.5 cm 3 (P < 0.05).The complete and partial response rate was 85.1%,and no response was 14.9%.After 3D-CRT,the incidence rate of T2 and T3 disease evident on CT scan increased to 78.4% while T4 decreased from 66.7% to 21.6% (P < 0.05).3DCRT Karnofsky Performance Status improved in 3D-CRT patients compared with the control group (P=0.031).3D-CRT patients had a longer survival than the control group (251.7 d vs 91.1 d,P < 0.05).And the median half-year survival rate in 3D-CRT group (91%) was higher than in the control group (50%,P < 0.05).The most common toxicity was leukocytopenia in the 3D-CRT group (46.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.008).The control group had a higher rate of restenosis than the 3D-CRT group (81.3% vs 9.0%,P < 0.05).The rate of nephrotoxicity was increased in 3D-CRT as compared with the control group (31.3% vs 15.6%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:3D-CRT can improve dysphagia in patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma.3D-CRT combined with stenting results in better survival as compared with endoscopic stents used alone.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81302593,No.81271848 and No.81101589the Grant of Beijing Nova Program of China,No.Z121107002512071+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2009CB522507the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease,No.2009ZX10005-017 and No.2012ZX10002007
文摘AIM: To investigate the risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.
基金partially supported by the Colorado Injury Control Research Center Grant Number 5R49CE001168 from the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionthe USA-China Agricultural Injury Research Training Project Grant Number 5DW43TW007257 from the National Institutes of Health,Fogarty International Center
文摘A case-control study was conducted to investigate associations between organophosphate pesticide(OP)exposure,aggression,impulsivity,and attempted suicide.Questionnaires were used to collect information;impulsivity and aggression were measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale(BIS)and the Aggression Inventory(AI).
文摘The association between Leisure Time Physical Activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and foetal outcomes has been extensively investigated. However, epidemiological studies specifically referred to LPTA in the last months of pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated the association between LPTA and the risk of both preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) during the last three months of pregnancy in Italy. A nationwide case-control study was performed in nine Italian cities. A total of 299 preterm delivery, 364 SGA and 855 controls were enrolled in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic variables, medical and reproductive history, life-style habits and LTPA referred to the last three months of pregnancy. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to estimate Odds ratios and 95% CI. LTPA during the last three months of pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.56;95% CI 0.39 - 0.79). Among the different types of physical activity, walking, the most frequently referred activity, appears significantly protective against preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 0.53;95% CI 0.36 - 0.81). Moreover, a small protective effect of walking was evidenced against SGA (adjusted OR = 0.72;95% CI 0.51 - 1.00). In conclusion, a mild physical activity such as walking in the last three months of pregnancy seems to reduce the risk of preterm delivery and, at a lesser extent, of SGA, confirming the beneficial effects of physical activity along the whole pregnancy.
基金This project is supported by a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation (No. 30100207)a grant from the Top Ten Scientific Research Programs of Shandong Province (No. 2004GG3202003)
文摘To investigate the high-risk factors for newborn hearing loss and to provide information for preventing the development of hearing loss and delaying its progression, from May 2003 to June 2006, neonates who failed to pass the universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) were referred to Jinan Newborn Hearing Screening and Rehabilitation Center from 7 newborn hearing screening centers in seven cities of Shandong province. One-to-one pair-matched case-control method was employed for statistical analysis of the basic features of definitely identified cases. High-risk factors relating to the bilateral hearing loss were evaluated by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that 721 transferred newborns who didn't pass the heating screening received audiological and medical evaluation and 367 were confirmed to have hearing loss. Of them, 177 neonates with hearing loss who met the matching requirements were included in the study as subjects. Univariate analysis showed that high-risk factors related to hearing loss incuded age of father, education backgrounds of parents, parity, birth weight, gestational weeks, craniofacial deformity, history of receiving treatment in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonatal disease, family history of otopathy and family history of congenital hearing loss. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that 4 independent risk factors were related to bilateral hearing loss, including parity (OR=16.285, 95% CI 3.379--78,481), neonatal disease (OR=34;968, 95% CI 2.720 449.534), family history of congenital hearing loss (OR=69.488, 95% CI 4.417--1093.300) and birth weight (OR=0.241, 95% CI 0.090--0.648). It is concluded that parity, neonatal disease and family history of heating loss are the promoting factors of bilateral hearing loss in neonates and appropriate intervention measures should be taken to deal with the risk factors.
文摘Information was obtained from the same questionnaire (23 risk factors listed) of cases and controls. We used a multivariate logistic model, which described variables significantly increased risk of birth defects. The risk factors included maternal educational levels, medicine taken during pregnancy and antenatal care. It was suggested to strengthen antenatal care was the main preventive measure against birth defects.
文摘With the changes in trends of disease pattern from infectious to chronic degenerative disease, cardiovascular disease has been considered as the major cause of death in Korea.Numerous studies have been done on the antioxidant effects of some vitamins in the prevention of chronic illness, but not many in relation to the cardiovascular disease.Therefore, the relation between antioxidant vitamins, mainly α-tocopherol (α-T) and B-carotene (B-C), and coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction has been investigated in this study.The blood samples were obtained from the CAD patients who were angiographically diagnosed within a month (100 case group). Patients who had an experience of PTCA or CABG were excluded from the study. Control subjects were healthy adults who had normal EKG values, no chest pain and no past history of cardiac disease (100 control group). All subjects were free of serum lipid lowering drugs. Serum α-T and B-C were analysed using HPLC. In addition to antioxidant vitamins, serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, TG) were also measured. Each case and control was matched in terms of age and sex. And all the CAD risk factors such as blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, serum lipid profile and BMI were adjusted to determine pure effect(s) of α-T and B-C on the CAD.The concentrations of both α-T and B-C were significantly lower in the CAD group than those in control group (P<0.05); in CAD group, mean values of α-T and B-C were 11.9±7.2 (μg/ml), 35.8±3.1 (μg/dl) respectively. As for the levels of B-C, it shows inverse relation with age, but not for the α-T Ievels. Serum levels of both vitamins did not show any significant differences in terms of sex, but men have a tendency o higher levels of B-C,but lower levels of α-T
文摘Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671347(to KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to KFS and KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No 202102020735(to RW).
文摘Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.
文摘Background Patellar fracture and cruciate ligament injury are a common consequence of traumatic knee injury. Patellar fracture combined with cruciate ligament injury is rarely reported, although the mechanisms of two things are similar. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of closed patella fracture combined with cruciate ligament injury.
基金The study was approved by our institutional review board (IRBNo10947/17) and all the subjects provided informed consent.
文摘Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significantmorbidity in early childhood. A pilot study was undertaken to identify the role of various risk factorsSouth Indian children with AOM, especially the role of nasopharyngeal otopathogens.Methodology: A prospective case control pilot study was conducted in children aged below six years,presenting to a single tertiary care from 2018 to 2019. Fifty cases with AOM and 45 age and gendermatched controls were recruited. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, one was processed forbacterial culture. The other swab was processed according to the CDC recommended broth enrichmentmethod to identify carriage of S. pneumoniae. Subsequent serotyping was done by Quellung method andconventional sequential multiplex PCR.Result: Otalgia was the major presentation seen in 92% of the children with AOM. None of the clinical anddemographic characteristics were found to be statistically significant between the cases and controls. Themost common otopathogen was S. pneumoniae (55%) followed by H. influenza (29%). The commonS. pneumoniae serotypes encountered were 11A and 19F.Nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae[OR 6.57, p < 0.003] and H. influenzae [OR14.18, p < 0.003] were significant risk factors for AOM inchildren. The risk increased with co-colonization (OR 13.89,p < 0.003).Conclusion: This study strengthens the significant association between nasopharyngeal colonization ofotopathogens and AOM as a risk factor that is enhanced by co-colonization.S. pneumoniae was the mainotopathogen in this population, serotypes 11A and 19F being the most common.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91839302,91439203,and 81700413)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0909400)the Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Thoracic aortic dissection(TAD)without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD(STAD).So far,the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown.Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patients and 414 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population(N=637).After population structure and genetic relationship and ancestry analyses,we used the optimal sequence kernel association test to identify the candidate genes or variants of STAD.We found that COL3A1 was significantly relevant to STAD(P=7.35×10^(−6))after 10000 times permutation test(P=2.49×10^(−3)).Moreover,another independent cohort,including 423 cases and 734 non-STAD subjects(N=1157),replicated our results(P=0.021).Further bioinformatics analysis showed that COL3A1 was highly expressed in dissected aortic tissues,and its expression was related to the extracellular matrix(ECM)pathway.Our study identified a profile of known heritable TAD genes in the Chinese STAD population and found that COL3A1 could increase the risk of STAD through the ECM pathway.We wanted to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis and pathology of STAD,which may further help in providing better genetic counseling to the patients.
基金R Colebunders received funding from the European Research Council(grant ERC 671055).The funder was not involved in study design,in the collection,analysis and interpretation of data,in the writing of the manuscript,and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
文摘Background:A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).With this study we aimed to investigate whether Onchocerca volvulus infection is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.Methods:Between October and December 2015,a multi-centre case control study was performed in onchocerciasis endemic health zones(HZ)in the DRC:one study site was situated in Tshopo Province in the HZ of Wanierukula(village of Salambongo)where there had been 13 annual community distributions of treatment with ivermectin(CDTI),a second was situated in Ituri Province in the HZ of Logo(village of Draju)where ivermectin had never been distributed and in the HZ of Rethy(village of Rassia)where there had been THREE CDTI annual campaigns before the study.Individuals with unprovoked convulsive epilepsy of unknown etiology were enrolled as cases(n=175).Randomly selected healthy members of families without epilepsy cases from the same village and age-groups and were recruited as controls(n=170).Results:Onchocerciasis associated symptoms(e.g.,itching and abnormal skin)were more often present in cases compared to controls(respectively,OR=2.63,95%CI:1.63-4.23,P<0.0001 and OR=3.23,95%CI:1.48-7.09,P=0.0034).A higher number of cases was found to present with microfilariae in skin snips and with O.volvulus IgG4 antibodies in the blood compared to controls.Moreover,the microfilariae load in skin snips was 3-10 times higher in cases than controls.Conclusions:This case control study confirms that O.volvulus is a risk factor for developing epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions in the DRC.
文摘Background and Aims:The management of post-endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)bleeding ulcers(PEBUs)is currently based on local expertise and patients liver disease status.The present retrospective study investigated associations between the endoscopic morphology of PEBUs and patient outcomes.Methods:Patients underwent EVL(primary or secondary),from January 2015 to January 2018,in two tertiary care hospitals in India(ILBS New Delhi and Dharamshila Narayana New Delhi).Mortality rates were determined at post-EVL day five and week six.PEBUs were typified based on Jamwal&Sarin classification system as follows:A,ulcer with active spurting;B,ulcer with ooze;C,ulcer base with visible vessel or clot;and D,clean or pigmented base.Results:Of 3854 EVL procedures,141(3.6%)patients developed PEBU,and 46/141(32.6%)suffered mortality.Among the former,the PEBU types A,B,C,and D accounted for 17.7,26.2,36.3,and 19.8%,respectively.Of those who died,39.1,30.4,21.7,and 8.8%had PEBU types A,B,C,and D.Treatments included transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS),esophageal self-expandable metal stent(SEMS),glue and sclerosant injection,Sengstaken-Blakemore tube placement and liver transplant.On univariate analysis,no correlation with hepatic venous pressure gradient,TIPS placement,size of varices,or number of bands was found.The Model for EndStage Liver Disease(MELD)-sodium score correlated positively with outcome.After adjusting for MELD-sodium score,mortality was best predicted by type-A ulcer(p=0.024;OR 8.95,CI 1.34-59.72).Conclusions:PEBU occurred in 3.6%of a large EVL cohort.Stratifying patients based on PEBU type can help predict outcomes,independent of the MELD-sodium score.Classifying PEBUs by endoscopic morphology may inform treatment strategies,and warrants further validation.
文摘OBJECTIVE By analysis and evaluation of the perfusion images and perfusion parameters of the rabbits with VX2 lung tumor, the association between the perfusion parameters and tumor angiogenesis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung has been studied in order to establish a non-invasive and effective way to detect tumor blood supply, which is be able to exhibit hemodynamic data in tumors during cancer treatments. METHODS Fifteen Netherlands rabbits inoculated with VX2 lung tumor (rabbit group) and 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (patient group) received a multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging test using the Netherlands PHILIPS Brilliance 16-slice spiral CT and a U.S. MEDRAD binocular highpressure syringe. Image postprocessing was done using the special perfusion software and EBW 4.0 Workstation. Perfusion volume (PV), peak enhanced increment (PEI), transit time peak (TTP), and blood volume (BV) were measured and analyzed. RESULTS In the rabbit group, the values of the PV, PEI, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (53.89 ± 13.38) mL/(min.mL), (45.71 ± 15.52) Hu, (39.29 ± 10.10) sec, and (31.45 ± 18.19) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (36.57 ± 14.17) mL/(min.mL), (28.64 ± 11.74) Hu, (39.00 + 9.78) sec, and (19.76 ± 13.95) mL/100 g, respectively; the values of the muscles were (12.45± 4.38) mL/(min.mL), (10.98 ± 5.03) Hu, (38.86 ± 10.04) sec, and (5.38 ±2.87) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the relative perfusion volume (RPV), relative peak enhanced increment (RPEI), and relative blood volume (RBV) of the tumor margin were 4.38 ± 1.45, 3.96± 1.45, 9.99 ± 11.7, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.14 ± 1.08, 1.83±1.45, 4.17 ±3.39, respectively. The values of the PV, PEL BV of the tumor margin vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 15.028, 10.79, and 5.88, respectively (P ≤ 0.01), with statistical significance; the values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 8.67, 7.49, and 4.55, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with statistical significance. The values of the TTP of the tumor margin vs. TTP values of the muscles, and the TTP values of the tumor center vs. TTP values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 1.7 and 0.806, respectively (P ≥ 0.05), without statistical significance. In the patient group, the values of the PV, PE, TTP, and BV of the tumor margin were (88.95 ± 30.89) mL/(min.mL), (61.87 ± 27.31) Hu, (37.72 ± 12.53) sec, and (18.38 ± 7.2) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the tumor center were (39.77 ± 18.29) mL/(min.mL), (14.57 ± 8.1) Hu, (35.64 ± 12.41) sec, and (11.22 ± 6.02) mL/100 g, respectively; these values of the muscles were (12.45 ± 6.5) mL/(min.mL), (6.14 ± 2.66) Hu, (35.68± 12.35) sec, and (2.23 ± 1.11) mL/100 g, respectively. The values of the RPV, RPEI, and RBV of the tumor margin were 8.05 ± 5.04, 8.87 ± 4.32, and 12.16 ± 8.49, respectively; these values of the tumor center were 2.39 ± 1.68, 2.97 ± 2.1, 3.53 ± 2.82, respectively. The values of the PV, PEI, BV of the tumor margin in the patient group vs. the values of the muscles produced t-values, which were 13.8, 10.85, and 12.22, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with significant differences; these values of the tumor center vs. the values of the muscles developed t-values, which were 9.158, 6.26, 8.654, respectively (P 〈 0.01), with significant differences. The TTP value of the tumor margin vs. that of the muscles produced t-value, which was 0.371, and the TTP value of the tumor center vs. that of the muscles developed t-value, which was 1 (P 〉 0.05), without statistical difference. CONCLUSION CT perfusion imaging technics demonstrates directly dynamic changes of blood flow to tumors, which assists in identifying tumor growth and necrosis, therefore, this research provides an evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of human lung squamous cell carcinoma and has far-reaching clinical significance.
基金supported by Ministry of Health,China and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency granted project "Evidence for Policy and Implementation (EPI-4) Intensifying efforts to achieve the health-related MDGs in four countries with developing economies"
文摘We aimed to describe the distribution of tuberculosis (TB) health workers in China and provide evidences of potential inequity for policy development. We used Lorenz curves and Gini index to characterize the distribution of TB health workers by population size, geographical area and number of annual registered TB cases. An additional stratified analysis was done by three economic regions. The Gini index were 0.33 for population size, 0.62 for geographical area and 0.30 for number of registered tuberculosis cases that indicated an acceptable average, significant inequity and a relative average distribution nationwide respectively.
基金supported by the Indus Biotech Private Ltd.,Pune with no role in the collection,analysis,and interpretation of data and the writing of the report
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the glycoside fraction of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds (Fenu-FG) on physiologi- cal parameters related to muscle anabolism, androgenic hormones, and body fat in healthy male subjects during an 8-week resistance training program using a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Methods: Sixty healthy male subjects were randomized to ingest capsules of Fenu-FG (1 capsule of 300 rag, twice per day) or the matching placebo at a 1:1 ratio. The subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week resistance-training program for 8 weeks. The outcome measurements were recorded at recruitment (baseline) and at the end of the treatment (8 weeks). The efficacy outcome included serum testosterone (total and free) levels, muscle strength and repetitions to failure, metabolic markers for anabolic activity (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), and % body fat. The standard safety measurements such as adverse events monitoring, vital signs, hematology, biochemistry, and urinalysis were performed. Results: Fenu-FG supplementation demonstrated significant anabolic and androgenic activity as compared with the placebo. Fenu-FG treated subjects showed significant improvements in body fat without a reduction in muscle strength or repetitions to failure. The Fenu-FG supplemen- tation was found to be safe and well-tolerated. Conclusion: Fenu-FG supplementation showed beneficial effects in male subjects during resistance training without any clinical side effects.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province under Grant No 2015021092the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61471255,61474079,61501316,51505324 and 51622507the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2015AA042601
文摘The method of using dielectrophoresis (DEP) to assemble graphene between micro-electrodes has been proven to be simple and efficient. We present an optimization method for the kinetic formula of graphene DEP, and discuss the simulation of the graphene assembly process based on the finite element method. The simulated results illustrate that the accelerated motion of graphene is in agreement with the distribution of the electric field squared gradient. We also conduct research on the controllable parameters of the DEP assembly such as the alternating current (AC) frequency, the shape of micro-electrodes, and the ratio of the gap between electrodes to the characteristic/geometric length of graphene (λ). The simulations based on the Clausius-Mossotti factor reveal that both graphene velocity and direction are influenced by the AC frequency. When graphene is close to the electrodes, the shape of micro-electrodes will exert great influence on the velocity of graphene. Also, λ has a great influence on the velocity of graphene. Generally, the velocity of graphene would be greater when λ is in the range of 0.4 0.6. The study is of a theoretical guiding significance in improving the precision and efficiency of the graphene DEP assembly.