A Tragedy of Human Beings,A Comedy of A Little Boy:Reflection of Social Conventions and Human Tragedy in Acorn-gatherer

Richard Jefferies presented one tragedy after another in a small and backward village in 19th England in his short story Acorn-gatherer.The paper explored the fundamental cause of those tragedies and drew a conclusion all those tragedies were the expression of human tragedy resulted from social conventions in the form of religion and the tragedy was actually a comedy for the little boy who was just the symbol of human tragedy in the story due to his special identity:an illegitimate child.

Social Conventions and Human Tragedy in the Acorn Gatherer

The Acorn-gatherer,written by Richard Jeffries gives a tragic picture of the country life in the late Victorian Age.Through the tragic life and death of the illegitimate child,Jeffries exposes the people's oppressions and misfortunes as the result of religious moralities and social conventions.The article is to expound the essence of the boy's human tragedy through religious origins,moral alienation,and distorted ethics in addition to the contrastive interpretation between his bitter situation and the sweet nature.

On the Commonness of “UN Core Human Rights Conventions”

As a main component of international human rights documents, the United Nations core human rights conventions show obvious formal and substance commonalities. The formal commonalities consist in their being adopted by UN General Assembly and their similarity in structure, subjects and systems. Their commonalities in substance include the similarity of contents, the homogeneity of the procedural mechanisms and the complementary nature of their normative interpretation. The commonalities among the UN’s core human rights treaties is the inevitable requirement of the universality and wholeness of human rights.

Position of Village Regulations and Folk Conventions in the Villager Autonomy System

The Villagers' Charter of Self-government,as a senior form of village regulations and folk conventions,is the general charter of villagers' self-government. It is a small constitution of villagers,so it holds an important position in the villager autonomy system. Such position gives the credit to both historic and realistic objective factors. Rise of state power,vacancy of legislation,accumulation of excellent traditional resources,and democracy and contract spirit in village regulations and folk conventions will certainly accelerate development of village regulations and folk conventions and promote gradual improvement in the villager autonomy system.

Naming Conventions and the Perception of Selfhood:A Cross-cultural Reflection on Women’s Surnames in the Anglosphere vs.the Hispanic Model

The naming convention in English-speaking countries(e.g.,USA and UK),and several others in the Western culture,where women traditionally have adopted their husbands’surnames,is compared with the naming convention in Spain and Latin America,where women do not relinquish their maiden surnames.From a cross-cultural perspective spanning over three centuries,from Madame de Staël and Virginia Woolf to Hillary Clinton,this essay renders instances of women who took on the surname of their spouse upon marriage.It appears that even nowadays many women,including feminists,choose to comply with this patriarchal habit.Entanglements arising upon divorce or remarriage,such as traceability and perception of selfhood,especially for women with academic and professional profiles,are discussed here.Samples collected from life and literature across a fairly representative cultural range and diverse moments in history help to reach conclusions and come up with a consistent argument.Winds of change seem to be blowing with Vice President Kamala Harris,whose case is mentioned at the end of this essay.To circumvent the confusion for individuals and families(especially“blended”ones)that could result in the discrimination between males and females,on the one hand,and on the other hand,between married and unmarried women,the Spanish naming convention is proposed as a perfect compromise.This consists in every person bearing two surnames from birth and for good:one of each parent.Thus,women would keep their name(s),and along with them their perception of their self and their social and professional identity.

Chinese-English translation of banners for conventions and exhibitions： A skopos perspective

As China＇s convention and exhibition industry strides forward to internationalization, Chinese-English translation of banners for conventions and exhibitions is more frequent than ever before. Based on Vermeer＇s skopos theory, the core theory of functionalist approaches, the paper analyzes authentic examples and highlights the techniques of translation for this type. With representative examples, the paper illustrates the necessity of adopting skopos theory in Chinese-English translation of banners for conventions and exhibitions.

China Acrobats Association presentedin American and European magic conventions

From February 17th to 22nd, annual World Magic Seminar was held in Las Vegas, U.S.A. There were 850 attendees from all over the world. Representatives from China Acrobats Association took part in the events in order to make promotion for the World Championships of Magic 2009 in Beijing. We set up a promotion booth,

Modernization of International Humanitarian Law——The Origins and Evolution of the 1977 Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions

Regional wars and internal armed conflicts after the conclusion of the 1949 geneva conventions have presented new challenges to traditional international humanitarian law? To address those challenges, the international community concluded two additional protocols in 1977 to the 1949 geneva conventions? Those two protocols have unified the Hague Rules and the geneva Rules in the realm of traditional laws on wars, improved the protection of civilians,expanded the concept of armed conflicts and combatants, and developed special treaties applicable to non-international armed conflicts,reaffirming and developing the principles and rules of international humanitarian law worldwide, and promoting its modernization?

International Human Rights Conventions in China——An interview with Research Fellow Mo Jihong of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

On the advent of the ＂International Human Rights Day＂ on Dec. 10, 2007, our staff reporter Interviewed Research Fellow Mo Jihong of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences on how the international human rights conventions are implemented in China. Born in May 1965, Mo Jihong is a native of Jingjiang, Jiangsu Province. He is a research fellow at the Law Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social sciences and a tutor for Ph.D candidates in the International Human Rights Law. He also serves as an executive member of the Society for International Constitution Studies and vice-president of the Constitution Chapter of the China Society of Law. He was a visiting scholar at the Human Rights Institute of Norway, and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. His principal works include International Human Rights Convention and China （2005）, Principles of Constitutional Sciences in Practice （2007） and In Defense of Legislation （2007）. He was elected as one of the ten most outstanding young jurists in China. The following is the full text of the interview：

Introduction on Several Conventions of Contemporary Accounting

Accounting conventions are concepts and rules which have been generally accepted in performing accounting. It came from a careful observation of accounting practice, the accounting practice revealed patterns of consistent behavior.

Social Conventions and Human Tragedy in Richard Jefferies “the Acorn Gatherer”

Social conventions sometimes are regarded as valuable treasure in some culture. But it can also lead to human tragedy. The Arti cle here tried to look into the social and religious conventions behind the human tragedy in Richard Jefferies' short story "the Acorn Gath erer" and how those conventions and people's belief affect the relationship between the grandmother and her grandson in the short story. The article discussed the underlying causes to the tragedy from three aspects, the outside pressure, the inner factors and the problem of the society. It attempted to explain how the social pressure influenced the attitude and action of the grandmother, how her inner belief com pelled herself to maltreat the boy and how the social convention and religious belief made the society seemingly pitiless and indifferent. It is also indicated that social and religious conventions still have a lasting effect on how people think and act in today's world.

A Study on Conventions of English Tourism Text

The major principle of Chinese-English translation is tourist-oriented,which means that the English version must be written in a language immediately comprehensible to the reader.Translations which conform to the tourists’habits of language use and aesthetic preference follow genre conventions of the English tourism text.This paper tries to discuss conventions of the English tourism text,so as to set a framework of reference for translators in considering the acceptability of translation.

A Judicial Empirical Study on the Principle of “the Best Interests of the Child”——From the Principles of National Conventions to the Building of Adjudication Norms

“The best interests of the child”is an essential principle of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.Due to the abstractness and ambiguity of this principle,its application is inevitably subject to the judge’s personality.Through empirical analysis,we can find that the judicial documents invoking the principle of“the best interests of the child”by Chinese courts show a significant increase in the number of disputes,types of disputes,and pronounced regional characteristics.The application of this principle by the courts is highly consistent with the judicial interpretative documents issued by the Supreme People’s Court.The invocation of this principle plays the role of interpreting the provisions of the law,the value basis for discretion,and the value orientation for shaping new rules in adjudication.At the same time,it is plagued by a lack of guidelines for the application of principles,invocations that serve the will of judges,and imperfect thinking in weighing the various factors involved.The application of this principle should be improved by setting normative standards for the principle of“the best interests of the child”,increasing case guidance for invoking the principle,and enhancing the professionalism of judges.

China’s synergy in the implementation of international conventions on chemicals and waste

The international environmental conventions have become the main effective ways to solve the global environmental issues,which are also the most active convention mechanisms in the world.This paper studies development trend and the implementation of the international environmental conventions on chemicals and wastes in China,such as Basel Convention,Rotterdam Convention,Stockholm Convention and Minamata Convention.Based on the Multilateral Synergy of International Conventions on Chemicals and Wastes,gaps and needs of the management of chemicals and wastes in China,this article put forward proposals for China to implement the coordinated development of these four conventions in the future..

Protection against Domestic Violence in Jordanian Law and International Conventions

Domestic violence is one of the most important obstacles to the promotion and protection of human rights in the regionally and globally,particularly given the nature of this phenomenon and the problems that accompany it,as well as the difficulty of disclosure,and the multiplicity of legal,social and economic causes that prevent prosecution in some cases.This situation necessarily entails the continuation of national,regional and international efforts to eradicate the scourge of domestic violence in all its forms and manifestations,from the basic understanding that practicing violence cannot be justified under any circumstances.Jordan,like other countries of the world,has undertaken a number of procedural,administrative,judicial and legislative measures to combat and eliminate the phenomenon of domestic violence.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS IN CHINA

Ⅰ.AN OUTLINE OF THE STUDIES ON CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS BY CHINESE SCHOLARS Chinese scholars have carried out studies on constitutional conventions from three perspectives.The first perspective is to study in general terms,that is,to touch upon this theme while studying the principles and basic theories of the Constitution.The second perspective is to study while researching comparative constitutions,especially the British Constitution.The third perspective is connected with studies on constitutional resources in China.Until now there

Comment on phase conventions in helicity formalism

Using the sequential decay process e ＋ e- → J/ψ→ΛΛ, Λ→ pπ- , Λ→ pπ＋ as an example, the procedure for deducing the full angular distribution is illustrated by adopting both the Jacob-Wick and Jackson conventions in the helicity formalism. To make sure that the final physical result is free of phase conventions, we point out that the coefficients that relate the angular momentum states in different coordinate systems of reference frames have to be taken into account properly in the procedure. The fact that those coefficients are constants suggests that the Jackson convention is favorable in dealing with the processes with sequential decays.

Conventional Geothermal Systems and Unconventional Geothermal Developments: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of conventional geothermal systems and unconventional geothermal developments as a common reference is needed for discussions between energy professionals. Conventional geothermal systems have the heat, permeability and fluid, requiring only drilling down to °C, normal heat flow or decaying radiogenic granite as heat sources, and used in district heating. Medium-temperature (MT) 100°C - 190°C, and high-temperature (HT) 190°C - 374°C resources are mostly at plate boundaries, with volcanic intrusive heat source, used mostly for electricity generation. Single well capacities are °C - 500°C) and a range of depths (1 m to 20 Km), but lack permeability or fluid, thus requiring stimulations for heat extraction by conduction. HVAC is 1 - 2 m deep and shallow geothermal down to 500 m in wells, both capturing °C, with °C are either advanced by geothermal developers at <7 Km depth (Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), drilling below brittle-ductile transition zones and under geothermal fields), or by the Oil & Gas industry (Advanced Geothermal Systems, heat recovery from hydrocarbon wells or reservoirs, Superhot Rock Geothermal, and millimeter-wave drilling down to 20 Km). Their primary aim is electricity generation, relying on closed-loops, but EGS uses fractures for heat exchange with earthquake risks during fracking. Unconventional approaches could be everywhere, with shallow geothermal already functional. The deeper and hotter unconventional alternatives are still experimental, overcoming costs and technological challenges to become fully commercial. Meanwhile, the conventional geothermal resources remain the most proven opportunities for investments and development.

Decoupled water electrolysis:Flexible strategy for pure hydrogen production with small voltage inputs

Hydrogen gas is widely regarded as an ideal green energy carrier and a potential alternative to fossil fuels for coping with the aggravating energy crisis and environmental pollution.Currently,the vast majority of the world's hydrogen is produced by reforming fossil fuels;however,this hydrogen-making technology is not sustainable or environmentally friendly because ofits high energy consumption and large carbon emissions.Renewables-driven water splitting(2H_(2)0-2H_(2)+0_(2))becomes an extensively studied scheme for sustain-able hydrogen production.Conventional water electrolysis requires an input voltage higher than 1.23 V and forms a gas mixture of H_(2)/O_(2),which results in high electricity consumption,potential safety hazards,and harmful reactive oxygen species.By virtue of the auxiliary redox mediators(RMs)as the robust H^(+)/e^(-)reservoir,decoupled electrolysis splits water at a much lower potential and evolves O_(2)(H_(2)O+RMS_(ox)-O_(2)+H-RMS_(red))and H_(2)(H-RMS_(red)-H_(2)+RMS_(ox))at separate times,rates,and spaces,thus pro-ducing the puretarget hydrogen gas safely.Decoupled electrolysis has accelerated the development ofwater electrolysis technology for H_(2) production.However,itis still lack of a comprehensive and in-depth review in this field based on different types of RMs.This review highlights the basic principles and critical progress of this emerging water electrolysis mode over the past decade.Several representative examples are then dis-played in detail according to the differences in the RMs.The rational choice and design of RMs have also been emphasized.Subsequently,novel applications of decoupled water splitting are briefly discussed,including the manufacture of valuable chemicals,Cl_(2) production,pollutant degradation,and other half-reactions in artificial photosynthesis.Finally,thekey characteristics and disadvantages of each type of mediator are sum-marized in depth.In addition,we present an outlook for future directions in decoupled water splitting.Thus,the flexibility in the design of mediators provides huge space for improving this electrochemical technology.@2024 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by ELSEVIER B.V.and Science Press.All rights reserved.