中英文学和文明互鉴——以“对句”和couplet为比较的焦点

我们通过比较观察,作文化交流、文明互鉴;交流和互鉴可促使不同国家不同文明的文化发展得更为丰富多彩。中英文学的比较研究,百年来从多个文类、多个作家的角度展开,扩阔了我们的文化视野,增添了我们的学术资源。本文对中国文学中的“对句”,和英国文学中的couplet,作一比较,并讨论其“互鉴”之道。对句,和对偶、对仗、对联是近义词,或在作品中出现,或是独立文本,其美学原理是对称。工整精美的对句,是古今文人创作的一大基因和爱好。英国文学中,诗歌有一种句式称为couplet,中译一般为“偶句”,也基于对称原理。中英语文特质有异,couplet形式上不及对句的工整精美。中国诗人鉴赏、“拿来”英国诗歌的多种体式和句法;英国一般读者(包括诗人)通过翻译鉴赏中国诗词,包括对句;“拿来”呢,难矣哉。

Dalu VillageA Probe into Preservation and Sustainable Development of Chinese Couplet Culture in Dalu Village

Dalu Village of Guangxi province is one of the national historical and cultural villages in China.It enjoys great fame for its Chinese couplets which are viewed as a distinctive cultural heritage passed down by its ancestors roughly 400 years ago.The couplets are a cultural art of great value worth preserving and inheriting.However,with urbanization and tourist development,the couplets are under the threat of devastation and disappearance.Based on desk research and field research,studies on the value of the couplets in Dalu Village and analysis of the rising crises are presented in the paper.In addition,solutions consisting of restoration,repair and ecomuseum are put forward as an attempt to avert the crises and promote the sustainable development of Dalu Village’s couplet culture in the long run.

A Study on the Principle of Chinese Antithetical Couplet Translation

As the quintessence of Chinese culture,Chinese antithetical couplets enjoy a long history and have unique styles.Due to the linguistic and cultural elements,it is difficult to translate Chinese antithetical couplet.This paper discusses the literal and free translation principle in Chinese antithetical couplet translation.

Taurolithocholate impairs bile canalicular motility and canalicular bile secretion in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets

AIM: To investigate the effects of taurolithocholate (TLC)on the canalicular motility in isolated rat hepatocyte cou-plets (IRHC).METHODS: TLC was added to IRHC at concentrationsof 10 and 50 μmol/L, respectively. In each group, fi vetime-lapse movies containing 3 representative bile cana-liculi were taken under phase-contrast microscopy for12 h. The number of bile canalicular contractions andthe intervals between consecutive canalicular contrac-tions were calculated. Furthermore, the effects of TLC onIRHC were examined by transmission electron micros-copy.RESULTS: The bile canalicular contractions were spon-taneous and forceful in the controls. Active vesicularmovement was observed in the pericanalicular region.Immediately after the addition of TLC, the bile canaliculiwere deformed, and canalicular bile was incorporatedinto the vacuoles. The canaliculi were gradually dilated,and canalicular contractions were markedly inhibited byTLC. The vesicular movements became extremely slowin the pericanalicular region. The number of canalicularcontractions significantly decreased in the TLC-treatedgroups, as compared with that in the controls. The timeintervals were prolonged, as the TLC dosage increased,indicating that bile secretion into the canaliculi wasimpaired with TLC. Transmission electron microscopyrevealed the lamellar transformation of the canalicularmembranes in IRHC treated with TLC.CONCLUSION: TLC impairs both the bile canalicularcontractions and the canalicular bile secretion, possiblyby acting directly on the canalicular membranes in TLC-induced cholestasis.

Prescription and treatment rules for the prescriptions containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine based on traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support platform

Objectives:To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the new products of Poria cocos-Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine.Methods:All prescription preparations containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala were collected from the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health Drug Standard·Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation(called Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation for short).After standardization,the information of each prescription preparation was input into the Chinese Traditional Medicine Inheritance Support Platform(V2.5),and the relevant rules of the software were adopted.Data mining methods were used to analyze the frequency of drugs,main symptoms and diseases in prescriptions,and to analyze the regularity of prescriptions.The prescription rules of top 2 high frequency attending syndromes and diseases were analyzed.Results:There were total of 337 prescription preparations containing couplet medicine of Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala,107 kinds of main symptoms and 66 kinds of diseases.The high frequency syndromes were deficiency of Qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach,and the high frequency syndromes were anorexia and irregular menstruation.Conclusion:The couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala prescription is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases and gynecological diseases;it mostly takes tonifying deficiency efficat.It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials.The study can provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development of the couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala.

On the Traditional Architecture Couplets to Create the Type of Space

Couplets financial literature,calligraphy and seal carving is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.To create a space of traditional architecture couplets attaches great importance to the overall order of;convey the connotation,but also to convey a visual space;Joining Sentences people across time and space of unlimited imagination,greatly sublimation of the people's psychological space and beyond time and spaceextension,easy to create an image space.The couplet has become to create one of the indispensable element of traditional Chinese architectural conception of space.

Dated deposition couplets link catchment erosion flux with storm discharge on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Tracing erosion flux within a single catchment is one of the major targets for the Earth's Critical Zone science. The sedimentary succession in landslide-dammed reservoirs within the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP) serves as a valuable archive of past erosion history. Deposition couplets and annual freeze–thaw layers were firstly identified for the sedimentary succession of the Jingbian reservoir on the northern CLP with high-resolution XRF core scanning. The deposition couplets in the reservoir since 1963 A.D. were further dated with ^(137) Cs activity. We found consistent one-to-one correspondence between couplet specific sediment yield and storm intensity. The reconstructed soil erosion history highlights the control of storm intensity and frequency on loess erosion on the northern CLP in the past hundreds of years.

Study on the mechanism of “Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza” couplet medicine for coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:To study the active components and gene targets of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)based on network pharmacology,and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Based on oral bioavailability(OB)>30%and drug-like(DL)>0.18,the active components of“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”for CHD were screened and the targets of treating CHD were predicted by using TCMSP and GeneCards database.The active component-CHD target network was established by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by utilizing String database.Finally,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by using Bioconductor and R language.Results:The study predicted 72 active components in total,including 7 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.and 65 Salvia miltiorrhiza,such asβ-sitosterol,tanshinone.Totally 96 target genen of active components were obtained,including PTGS1,NCOA2,NOS2,etc.Results of GO enrichment analysis showed 142 biological processes,related to adrenergic receptor activity,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,etc.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed 131 pathways,including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,etc.Conclusion:“Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.-Salvia miltiorrhiza”couplet medicine exerts therapeutic effects on CHD from multiple targets as PTGS1,PTGS2 and adrenergic receptor activity and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.The study can provide reference for further researches on its mechanism and the pharmacological effects of Shenzhi Tongxin Capsule.

On the Informative Function of Language in the Poems and Couplets in Benzhu Temples in Dali,Yunnan

In Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there exists a quite special and interesting cultural phenomenon of the Bai ethnic group,which is the belief in Benzhu.There are a lot of poems and couplets in Benzhu temples.The poems are carved on the walls and tablets.The couplets,being on both sides of the doors,are carved on planks or written on red paper.Lan guage used in the poems and couplets plays the informative function.

Evaluation of a complex couplet care intervention in a neonatal intensive care unit:A mixed methods study protocol

Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after birth.This is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal care.Therefore,a couplet care intervention is implemented for mother-infant dyads in a neonatal intensive care unit.This study protocol provides a comprehensive evaluation of the intervention.The aim is to evaluate the effect and implementation of a complex couplet care intervention to promote zero separation between mother and infant.Methods:The couplet care intervention is a family-centered model of care,where treatment-requiring mother-infant dyads will be admitted together and receive couplet care by neonatal nurses.The study adheres to the framework of the Medical Research Council and will use a mixed methods embedded design comprising a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative process evaluation.Finally,a health economic evaluation will be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of this complex couplet care intervention.Discussion:Separation of mother-infant dyads after birth has an adverse impact on family health and well-being.This study protocol evaluates a complex couplet care intervention.With this study,a first step is taken to help bridge the gap between current practices and a new care model to prevent the separation of mothers and their infants.

谢德聪教授活用黄芪药对治疗子宫腺肌病经验撷英

本文对谢德聪教授运用黄芪药对治疗子宫腺肌病(AM)的经验进行总结。谢教授认为AM属本虚标实,以气虚为本,血瘀为标,治宜气血并重,通补同用,分期论治,灵活选用黄芪药对。经前期及经期益气化瘀为主,攻补兼施,因势利导,以黄芪-红藤药对最为常用,湿热瘀阻证使用黄芪-败酱草药对,合并盆腔炎、宫颈炎时则使用黄芪-肿节风药对,气滞证常用黄芪-枳壳药对,气血两虚兼血瘀证予黄芪-当归药对。经后期血海空虚,扶正祛瘀之外还需补肾养血,因症状表现各异,故治法又有不同,围绝经期AM患者兼有阴虚内热者选用黄芪-鳖甲药对,AM合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿运用黄芪-皂角刺药对,痛经症状较剧或经后小腹疼痛不解者予黄芪-莪术药对,血瘀有寒者予黄芪-桂枝药对,湿热瘀阻者予黄芪-浙贝母药对。临证加减,取效迅捷,并附验案一则,以资借鉴。

六安红色对联文化及其时代价值

对联是中华民族传统文化中非常独特的存在,与民众生活和文人情趣都有着密切的联系。红色对联文化利用传统对联文化形式,服务于革命斗争和民族解放,发挥其独特的战斗作用。六安红色对联文化有着悠久、深厚的传统文化根基,资源非常丰富,功能多种多样,艺术成就突出,是一笔宝贵的精神财富和文化遗产,值得我们重视和珍惜。但是目前六安红色对联文化资源存在收集、保护、管理、运用和研究等方面的不足,需要加以深入搜集、妥善保护、精心考证、广泛宣传、严格管理、合理运用和科学研究,以充分发挥其在新时代传承红色基因、弘扬大别山精神、建设中国式现代化强国的新价值。

张士卿教授治疗过敏性紫癜对药选析

张士卿教授认为儿童过敏性紫癜的病机在于脉络受损,血不循经,溢于脉外,热、毒、瘀、虚在其中起重要作用,故在辨证基础上选择不同的对药,如用紫草、茜草治疗皮肤紫癜,用延胡索、川楝子、白芷治疗腹型紫癜,用木瓜、防己治疗关节型紫癜,用升麻、葛根、山药、黄芪治疗肾型紫癜,屡显疗效。

清末民初讽喻联的“言文合一”趋向及意义

清末民初的讽喻性楹联在中国古代讽喻传统的基础上,与白话运动相结合,在音韵、句式、技巧等方面出现不同程度的新变。平仄规则的自由化、句式词汇的白话化、修辞技巧的谐趣化,使得清末民初讽喻联在“形”与“神”双重层面契合了“言文合一”理念,成为“我手写我口”的实践性文体。清末民初讽喻联最直接且最真实地反应了民众的心声,作为强有力的“战斗武器”,于嬉笑怒骂之中,剖析黑暗惨痛之现实。

人参、石菖蒲及其药对防治阿尔茨海默症的药理作用研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)病因复杂,发病机制尚未完全阐明,现有药物仅能缓解其症状,亟待研发有效的治疗药物。作为补虚药及开窍药的代表药物,人参及石菖蒲均有提高记忆力、改善学习能力及减轻认知障碍的药理作用,是中医治疗痴呆症的常用药物。人参-石菖蒲药对联用可促进活性成分入脑发挥药效,并通过抗炎、抗氧化应激、调节神经元-突触可塑性等多途径延缓AD进程,具有多层次、多系统和多靶点的作用特点。该文尝试总结现有研究成果,为进一步探讨人参、石菖蒲的联用,实现协同增效的作用机制以及配伍的量效关系奠定基础,为研制防治AD的中药创新药物提供科学依据。

乡村振兴视角下徽州古民居楹联的时代价值探讨

乡村振兴战略关乎中华民族伟大复兴,传统文化在其中大有可为。作为徽文化重要组成部分的徽州古民居楹联,在乡村振兴战略中能够发挥自身价值和重要作用。今日重新检视徽州古民居楹联,可以从中体悟种种徽商精神,如徽商勤俭相持、坚韧不屈的性情气质;徽商开拓进取、通权达变的创新精神;徽商以义为利、诚信积善的职业道德;徽商贾而好儒、雅俗并蓄的个人旨趣等。这些精神完全可以促进当下乡村地区经济的发展和社会的稳定,助力乡村振兴战略早日实现。

刘凤斌运用药对治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎伴异型增生

刘凤斌教授善于运用中医药诊治慢性萎缩性胃炎,形成独特的临床经验,他认为本病以脾虚为本,气滞、湿(热)阻、血瘀为标,患病日久、未能及时有效控制,终至脾气亏衰、瘀毒胶结则发生“炎-癌前”转化,即脾虚为本、瘀毒为变是异型增生的关键病机。经多年临床实践和验证,形成确有疗效的扶正通络解毒方,作为治疗本病的核心方药,同时根据五脏相关理论灵活选用不同药对,注重和胃通降,使气行则瘀毒得散,灵活运用疏肝解郁以助胃气通降、宣肺调达以助脾升胃降。此外,强调安心神以使脾胃升降自和,提倡治后天不忘先天,补肾以健脾;善于使用活血解毒药对直捣病处,使病变得以迅速逆转。

中药药对在慢性肾脏病治疗中的研究进展

慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)是由各种肾脏疾病发展而来的一组复杂的临床综合征。其病症复杂,并发症多。目前,西医治疗上有局限性,中医药在CKD的防治方面具有独特的优势。中医认为CKD的基本病机为正虚邪实。早期以脾肾气阴两虚为主,日久脾肾失司,水湿不化,导致湿浊阻滞、瘀血内停和浊毒内生,治疗以扶正补虚和利湿泻浊、化瘀通络并重,从而达到阴阳平衡,改善肾功能,延缓CKD进展的作用。CKD的主要治疗方法是运用中药复方。中药药对是中药复方的核心,它具有简单易用的优点,将中药的传统作用与现代药理作用相结合,使中药药对在治疗CKD中变得灵活精准,同时增加了病症的治疗范围和临床疗效。文章总结了近10年中医药在CKD治疗方面的常用药对,针对不同的中医证候采用不同药对治疗,按不同功效列举了益气养血类(黄芪-当归、黄芪-党参)、补益脾肾类(山茱萸-山药、金樱子-芡实、墨旱莲-女贞子)、活血通络类(蒲黄-五灵脂、三棱-莪术)、利水消肿类(茯苓-猪苓、防己-黄芪)等常用药对在治疗CKD中的临床应用及应用场景,分析中药药对的配伍特色,总结中药药对的传统功效及现代药理研究,为中药药对治疗CKD不同证型的应用提供参考。

“通督安神”药对鹿角胶-酸枣仁对慢性不可预知应激抑郁大鼠的治疗作用

抑郁症是一种情感障碍性疾病,患者不仅情绪或心境低落、态度悲观,多半会伴随睡眠障碍、脊柱区疼痛、疲劳等症状~([1]),从传统肝郁的角度无法解释,章程鹏教授根据中医辩证规律将此类证候命名为“督脉郁痹”,提出以“通督安神”法治疗抑郁症,鹿角胶-酸枣仁是体现“通督安神”治法的重要药对~([2])。