Collision off-axis position dependence of relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of an excited electron in a tightly focused circular polarized laser pulse

This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.

Fundamental solutions of critical wedge angles for one-dimensional piezoelectric quasicrystal wedge

Two problems of a one-dimensional(1D)piezoelectric quasicrystal(QC)wedge are investigated,i.e.,the two sides of the wedge subject to uniform tractions and the wedge apex subject to the concentrated force.By virtue of the Stroh formalism and Barnett-Lothe matrices,the analytical expressions of the displacements and stresses are derived,and the generalized solutions for the critical wedge angles are discussed.Numerical examples are given to present the mechanical behaviors of the wedge in each field.The results indicate that the effects of the uniform tractions and the concentrated force on the phonon field displacement are larger than those on the phason field.

Usefulness of computed tomography based three-dimensional reconstructions to assess the critical shoulder angle

BACKGROUND The critical shoulder angle(CSA)is a radiographic measurement that provides an assessment of both glenoid inclination and acromial length.Higher values may correlate with the presence of rotator cuff tears.However,it is difficult to obtain a high-quality true anteroposterior(AP)radiograph of the shoulder,with any excess scapular version or flexion/extension resulting in deviation from the true CSA value.Three-dimensional(3D)bony reconstructions of computed tomography(CT)shoulder scans may be able to be rotated to obtain a similar view to that of true AP radiographs.AIM To compare CSA measurements performed on 3D bony CT reconstructions,with those on corresponding true AP radiographs.METHODS CT shoulder scans were matched with true AP radiographs that were classified as either Suter-Henninger type A or C quality.3D bony reconstructions were segmented from the CT scans,and rotated to replicate an ideal true AP view.Two observers performed CSA measurements using both CT and radiographic images.Measurements were repeated after a one week interval.Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)and Bland-Altman plots[bias,limits of agreement(LOA)].RESULTS Twenty CT shoulder scans were matched.The mean CSA values were 32.55°(±4.26°)with radiographs and 29.82°(±3.49°)with the CT-based method[mean difference 2.73°(±2.86°);P<0.001;bias+2.73°;LOA-2.17°to+7.63°].There was a strong correlation between the two methods(r=0.748;P<0.001).Intra-observer reliability was similar,but the best intra-observer values were achieved by the most experienced observer using the CT-based method[ICC:0.983(0.958-0.993);bias+0.03°,LOA-1.28°to+1.34°].Inter-observer reliability was better with the CT-based method[ICC:0.897(0.758-0.958),bias+0.24°,LOA-2.93°to+3.41°].CONCLUSION The described CT-based method may be a suitable alternative for critical shoulder angle measurement,as it overcomes the difficulty in obtaining a true AP radiographic view.

Hydraulic support stability control of fully mechanized top coal caving face with steep coal seams based on instable critical angle

Analyzed the support instable mode of sliding,tripping,and so on,and believed the key point of the support stability control of fully mechanized coal caving face with steep coal seams was to maintain that the seam true angle was less than the hydraulic support instability critical angle.Through the layout of oblique face,the improvement of support setting load,the control of mining height and nonskid platform,the group support system of end face,the advance optimization of conveyor and support,and the other control tech- nical measures,the true angle of the seam is reduced and the instable critical angle of the support is increased,the hydraulic support stability of fully mechanized coal caving face with steep coal seams is effectively controlled.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of critical pre-twist strain angle for torsional axis

A three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element analysis of pre-twist process for a torsional axis made of 45GrNiMoVA steel, was carried out using a commercial finite element analysis code, MSC MARC 2001. The results show that the critical pre-twist strain angle is 0.027 rad and the maximum elastic shear stress after pre-twist is 1694MPa for the torsional axis.

Experimental study of the critical sand starting velocity of gas-watersand flow in an inclined pipe

The purpose of this paper is to study the critical sand starting velocity and transformation law of flow pattern based on gas-water-sand three-phase flow in an inclined pipe.Firstly,the indoor simulation experiment system of gas-water-sand three-phase flow was used to test the conversion law of flow pattern based upon the different gas void fraction.Secondly,the influence of slug bubbles on sand migration was investigated according to distinctive hole deviation angles,gas void fraction and sand concentration.Finally,the critical sand starting velocity was tested based on dissimilar hole deviation angles,gas void fraction,sand concentration and sand particle size,and then the influence of the abovementioned key parameters on the sand starting velocity was debated based on the force analysis of the sand particles.The experimental results illustrated that when the gas void fraction was less than 5%,it was bubbly flow.When it increased from 5%to 30%,the bubbly flow and slug flow coexisted.When it was between 30%and 50%,the slug flow and agitated flow coexisted.When it reached 50%,it was agitated flow.Providing that the hole deviation angle was 90°,the phenomenon of overall migration and wavelike migration on the surface of sand bed was observed.On the contrary,the phenomenon of rolling and jumping migration was recognized.The critical sand starting velocity was positively correlated with the hole deviation angle and sand particle size,but negatively associated with the gas void fraction and sand concentration.This research can provide a certain reference for sand-starting production in the field of petroleum engineering.

Image Motion Compensation of Off-Axis TMA Three-Line ArrayAerospace Mapping Cameras

To enhance the image motion compensation accuracy of off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic( TMA)three-line array aerospace mapping cameras,a new method of image motion velocity field modeling is proposed in this paper. Firstly,based on the imaging principle of mapping cameras,an analytical expression of image motion velocity of off-axis TMA three-line array aerospace mapping cameras is deduced from different coordinate systems we established and the attitude dynamics principle. Then,the case of a three-line array mapping camera is studied,in which the simulation of the focal plane image motion velocity fields of the forward-view camera,the nadir-view camera and the backward-view camera are carried out,and the optimization schemes for image motion velocity matching and drift angle matching are formulated according the simulation results. Finally,this method is verified with a dynamic imaging experimental system. The results are indicative of that when image motion compensation for nadir-view camera is conducted using the proposed image motion velocity field model,the line pair of target images at Nyquist frequency is clear and distinguishable. Under the constraint that modulation transfer function( MTF) reduces by 5%,when the horizontal frequencies of the forward-view camera and the backward-view camera are adjusted uniformly according to the proposed image motion velocity matching scheme,the time delay integration( TDI) stages reach 6 at most. When the TDI stages are more than 6,the three groups of camera will independently undergo horizontal frequency adjustment. However, when the proposed drift angle matching scheme is adopted for uniform drift angle adjustment,the number of TDI stages will not exceed 81. The experimental results have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed image motion velocity field model and matching optimization scheme,providing reliable basis for on-orbit image motion compensation of aerospace mapping cameras.

考虑分岔角度和火源位置的地铁分岔隧道火灾临界风速研究

为探究地铁分岔隧道的分岔角度和火源位置对隧道火灾烟气蔓延的影响规律,使用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对不同火源位置、火源功率以及分岔角度等火灾场景下的地铁分岔隧道烟气温度分布、临界风速进行研究。研究结果表明:地铁分岔联络隧道的临界风速受表征顶棚最高温升系数α和表征分岔隧道分流量的速度损失系数ζ的耦合影响;临界风速时,隧道火源下游烟气温度符合双指数模型衰减;在本文研究的火源功率范围内,分岔隧道内无量纲临界风速与无量纲火源功率的1/3次方成正比;相同火源功率下,分岔角度对临界风速影响较小,而火源位置对临界风速影响较大,火源位于分岔后的临界风速大小约为分岔前的1/(1-ζ)倍。研究结果可为地铁分岔联络通道的通风排烟系统工程设计提供一定程度的参考。

柔性光伏系统颤振性能的节段模型试验研究

柔性光伏支架的频率低、质量轻,极易在风荷载作用下发生大幅振动。以某实际柔性光伏项目为工程背景,借鉴桥梁抗风的研究经验,对该柔性光伏支架的颤振性能进行研究。首先,考虑严格的相似比关系,设计并制作了弹性悬挂节段模型系统,并对其动力特性进行了测试;然后,进行不同光伏组件倾角(-39°~+39°)下的弹性悬挂节段模型测振风洞试验,研究光伏组件风致响应随风速的变化规律,得到各倾角下柔性光伏节段模型的颤振临界风速值,探讨2种气动措施对提高柔性光伏支架颤振稳定性的效果。结果表明:在0°~39°的正倾角工况下,柔性光伏支架的颤振临界风速随光伏组件倾角的增大,呈现先减小后增大的趋势,最小颤振临界风速出现在12°~21°光伏组件倾角范围内,折算成实际风速为9.6m/s;在-39°~0°的负倾角工况下,颤振临界风速随光伏组件倾角的增大,也呈现先减小后增大的趋势,最小颤振临界风速出现在-21°~-12°光伏组件倾角范围内,折算成实际风速为10.1m/s;设置中央稳定板的气动措施难以有效提高柔性光伏支架的颤振临界风速。

特定热层温度下入射角对前驱波特性的影响

空中强爆炸会释放热辐射使地表形成热层,冲击波进入热层后传播速度加快,形成前驱波。冲击波入射角是影响前驱波特性的重要因素,但目前相关工作大多依赖理论推导,实验研究较少。利用爆炸波模拟激波管平台,开展了热层温度为300℃时入射角对前驱波形成影响的研究实验,结合实验构型建立了数值仿真模型,并将实验、数值仿真结果与已有理论结果进行了对比。结果表明:实验获得的前驱波形成临界角范围与理论计算结果一致;入射角越大,前驱波超过马赫杆的距离越大,到时提前越多;前驱波会导致超压峰值减小,且随着入射角的增大,超压峰值减小程度先增大后减小;整体上看,前驱波动压峰值随入射角的增大而增大,当入射角达到一定阈值后,动压峰值增大程度开始在一定范围内波动,这是由气流密度和粒子速度的峰值到时不同所导致的;动压冲量的增大程度随入射角的增大逐渐增大。

甜樱桃采后表皮蜡质形态及相关性质变化规律

[目的]揭示不同品种甜樱桃耐贮性差异的原因,为其采后涂膜保鲜提供理论支持和技术指导。[方法]选取4个具有代表性的甜樱桃品种(红灯、雷尼、红玛瑙、友谊)作为研究对象,对采收时不同品种甜樱桃果皮蜡质的形态、果皮对不同溶液的接触角以及红玛瑙樱桃在贮藏期间表皮蜡质形态、接触角、临界表面张力的变化进行了探究。[结果]4个品种甜樱桃在采收时表皮的蜡质分布和形态均存在差异,表皮对于同一种溶液的接触角存在显著差异;红玛瑙樱桃表皮蜡质在贮藏期间呈减少趋势;由于甜樱桃表皮的疏水性,在配制涂膜液时,向其中添加0.1%的吐温-20作为表面活性剂可显著提高涂膜液在其表面的润湿性;红玛瑙樱桃贮藏期间表皮对去离子水的接触角呈下降趋势,并且其临界表面张力随贮藏时间的延长不断升高。[结论]不同品种甜樱桃耐贮性的差异可能与其表皮特性相关联,在涂膜保鲜液中添加0.1%的吐温-20可使涂膜液更均匀地涂覆在甜樱桃表面。

考虑LVRT特性的新能源送端系统功角稳定与电压稳定交互影响分析

新能源机组的低电压穿越(LVRT)能力是高比例新能源电力系统维持电压稳定的重要保证,同时LVRT期间新能源机组的功率特性将进一步影响同步发电机的功角稳定性。为分析高比例新能源送端系统功角稳定与电压稳定的耦合机理,以风电为例,推导了LVRT期间风电机组的有功-无功耦合关系;以含风电的送端系统为例,推导了故障前、故障期间以及故障后同步发电机的机械功率和电磁功率。分析了受扰后系统功角与电压的失稳形态,揭示了含风电送端系统功角稳定和电压稳定的交互影响。基于PSASP平台,仿真分析了风电初始出力水平以及LVRT参数对电力系统功角稳定和电压稳定演化的影响。

多孔套筒定向压裂力学机制及影响因素分析

坚硬顶板破断释放巨大冲击动能是诱发煤矿动力灾害的重要因素之一,在特定位置断顶实现岩层的定向断裂、减小坚硬顶板悬顶长度是防治煤岩动力灾害的关键。多孔套筒压裂技术具有操作简单、适用条件广泛等优点,在坚硬顶板弱化领域有着广泛的研究前景。为深入了解多孔套筒压裂机理,采用理论分析与数值模拟方法开展了多孔套筒压裂力学机制研究,揭示了不同影响因素下孔间应力变化规律,获得了压裂过程裂缝扩展规律及力链分布特征。通过钻孔切槽可提升套筒压裂预裂效果,为确定合理的布孔参数,基于线弹性断裂力学建立了含预制缝多孔套筒压裂力学模型,给出了缝端应力强度因子、临界膨胀力及裂缝临界起裂角计算方程,获得了不同影响因素下缝端应力强度因子、临界膨胀力及临界起裂角的变化规律。研究结果表明:①侧压系数k对钻孔最小起裂应力影响显著,当侧压系数k>1时,最小起裂应力随布孔角度的增大而减小;当侧压系数k<1时,最小起裂应力随布孔角度的增大而增大。②数值模拟结果表明:套筒间存在应力叠加效应,接触力链呈“放射状”分布。套筒压裂过程以张拉破坏为主,孔心连线处变形破坏最剧烈,均沿布孔方向形成了“条带状”断裂面。③缝槽改变了缝端附近的应力分布,相较无缝槽模型环向拉应力更大。当缝槽长度为0.5倍孔半径时,临界膨胀力最小,裂缝最易发生扩展。④临界起裂角由KⅠ与KⅡ共同决定,且小于70.53°。在泵压与地应力条件无法改变的情况下,可通过调节布孔角度与预制缝槽长度实现岩石的定向压裂。

基于不同断裂准则下水力压裂裂纹起裂规律研究

为研究煤矿顶板定向水力压裂裂纹扩展机理,探究不同断裂准则之间的关系,基于断裂力学理论构建钻孔水力压裂力学模型,推导不同断裂准则下的起裂角和临界水压计算公式,分析不同变量对起裂角和临界水压的影响效果。结果表明:①注入水压的增大会显著降低起裂角,且预制裂纹倾角与起裂角曲线极值会随着水压的增大而向45°附近移动;随着应力差的增加,起裂角逐渐增加;起裂角随预制裂纹长度与钻孔半径比值的减小而增大;泊松比对起裂角的影响效果有限。②临界水压随着预制裂纹倾角和主应力差的增大而增大,但在低预制裂纹倾角条件下,σ准则计算出的临界水压会随着主应力差的增大而减小;钻孔半径和预制裂纹长度的增加会显著减小临界水压。③对比临界水压的理论计算结果与试验结果知,二者有较好的拟合性。研究结果可指导水力压裂现场施工。

基于CT扫描研究颗粒形状对砂土力学性质的影响

为了探究颗粒形状对砂土力学性质的影响,选取玻璃珠、石英砂、玻璃渣3种颗粒形状差异较大的砂土作为研究对象。首先通过计算机断层(computed tomography,CT)扫描重构了3种砂土的三维结构,选取了伸长率(EI)、扁度(FI)、球度(S)3个表征颗粒形状参数的均值作为砂土颗粒整体形状参数(overall regularity,OR),并对整体形状参数OR进行统计分析。然后配制7种不同形状参数的砂土进行了常规三轴压缩试验得到了其力学强度参数,研究砂土颗粒形状对其力学强度的影响规律。结果表明:7种砂土的应力-应变曲线均为应变软化型,都呈现出先剪缩后剪胀的特性;整体形状参数OR能较好反映砂土的力学特征,即随着整体形状参数OR的减小,应变软化现象变得不明显,但其峰值偏应力呈增大的趋势;砂土的内摩擦角随整体形状参数OR的减小呈线性增长,表观黏聚力急剧增大,但最大剪胀角随OR的减小而减小。此外,将临界内摩擦角与整体形状参数OR进行线性拟合,得到了两者较好的线性关系。

多分支水平井岩屑运移模型与实验研究

随着多分支水平井及复杂结构井钻井技术的不断发展,井眼清洁技术面临着新的困难和挑战。如何解决复杂地质条件与复杂井型条件下的岩屑床问题,对于判断与处理井下复杂情况是当前钻井工程面临的重要科学问题之一。通过岩屑颗粒受力分析建立了岩屑运移环空临界流速模型;基于室内可视化岩屑运移实验,探究了岩屑运移影响规律。结果表明:井斜角为36°时岩屑临界启动速度最大,携岩最为困难;模型预测结果与实验结果吻合度较好,且基于实例井的预测结果与现场作业情况一致,验证了所建模型的可靠性。该研究可为大位移大井斜井及水平井井眼清洁提供理论依据和技术支持。

液压支撑单点渐进成形临界角研究

单点渐进成形复杂形状的薄壁制件时,不均匀厚度分布是影响产品性能和成形质量的主要原因。将液压支撑引入单点渐进成形过程中,提出一种液压支撑单点渐进成形工艺,该工艺通过对悬空板材增加柔性支撑来促进厚度的均匀分布。在静压和变压的辅助支撑下,采用Al1060板材单点渐进成形不同壁角的圆锥台制件,通过数值模拟和实验研究定量分析静压参数与变压方案对厚度分布及厚度均匀临界角的影响规律。结果表明,对厚度均匀分布临界角的有利静压压力范围为0~0.18 MPa,最有利的静压压力值为0.17 MPa。与无支撑单点渐进成形相比,液压支撑单点渐进成形工艺可以使厚度均匀临界角增大7°,有效提升板材的厚度分布均匀性和成形性能。

配置抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点受冲切承载力计算

为计算配有常用抗冲切钢筋(箍筋和栓钉)的钢筋混凝土(RC)板柱节点的受冲切承载力,结合梁斜拉破坏机理和修正压力场理论(MCFT)提出一种配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载计算方法.首先根据MCFT推导出配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的临界斜裂缝倾角计算式;然后,假定冲切破坏时临界截面周长范围内的抗冲切钢筋达到屈服强度,将临界斜裂缝倾角代入MCFT推导出板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算方法;最后,使用该方法和美国规范(ACI 318-19)方法计算62个配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点试验的冲切承载力,并分析了混凝土强度、板有效厚度、柱截面边长、抗弯钢筋配筋率及抗冲切钢筋配筋率对节点抗冲切承载力的影响.结果表明:由MCFT推导出的节点受冲切承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好,均值为0.96,变异系数为0.20;节点的冲切承载力与上述影响因素呈非线性正相关.该方法可用于配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算.

肩峰形态在退行性肩袖撕裂诊断中的研究进展

退行性肩袖撕裂是引起肩关节疼痛的常见病因,随着现代社会老龄化的日趋严重,退行性肩袖撕裂的发病率日益上升。许多研究证实肩峰形态与退行性肩袖撕裂的发生有一定的相关性。临界肩角(CSA)、肩峰指数(AI)可以反映肩峰形态的个体解剖学差异。回顾相关文献,发现CSA、AI可在一定程度上预测退行性肩袖撕裂的发生,但在预测退行性肩袖撕裂的诊断价值及预测方法上仍需进一步研究。

铁路自复位桥墩地震动最不利输入方向研究

为探究地震动输入角度对铁路自复位桥墩地震反应的影响,以一座简支梁桥为工程背景,建立空间自复位桥墩地震反应分析模型,并对模型进行验证。选择22组强震记录作为地震动输入,以屈服面函数Ψ作为判别最不利输入角度的标准,从0°开始顺时针旋转,每次增加5°,进行铁路自复位桥墩地震反应分析。结果表明:145°输入时,Ψ值最大,145°为桥墩最不利输入角度;在最不利方向下桥墩的地震反应大于顺桥向和横桥向。自复位桥墩设计时若不考虑地震动最不利输入方向,则偏于不安全。