Arterial Hypertension-Related Factors within Custodial Settings of Southern Benin in 2023

Introduction: Hypertension, a non-communicable disease, is a major public health threat worldwide, accounting for a high level of morbidity and mortality. Although it has been extensively published among the general population, further research is needed to understand the reality of hypertension within the custodial setting. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with arterial hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study held in prisons in southern Benin from March to April 2023, involving inmates selected by two-stage random sampling. In the first stage, four prisons out of the six in the southern region of Benin were selected by simple random sampling. In the second stage, the prisoners were selected by systematic random sampling, with the sampling frame being the numbered list of eligible prisoners in each prison selected. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using Stata 11 software. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight was defined by a body mass index (weight/height2 (kg/m2) ≥ 25. Factors associated with hypertension were identified by multiple logistic regression, at a 5% threshold of significance. Results: Altogether 336 inmates aged 37.55 ± 1.72 years were surveyed. The prevalence of hypertension in custodial settings in southern Benin in 2023 was 31.32% (95% CI [17.06;52.57]). Associated factors were inmate age (ORa = 3.36 95% CI: [1.94;5.85]) and abnormal waist circumference (ORa = 2.61 95% CI [1.27;5.40]). Conclusion: The prevalence of arterial hypertension in prisons of southern Benin (31.32%) is high when compared with the national average (25.9% (22.5-29.3)). The ministries of the Interior and Health need to collaborate to involve inmates in preventive strategies for non-communicable diseases, including hypertension.

Custodial symmetry violation in scalar extensions of the standard model

The new measurement of the W boson mass from the CDF collaboration shows a significant tension with the standard model prediction,which evidences violation of custodial symmetry in the scalar sector.We study the scalar extensions of the standard model,which can be categorized into two classes,the scalar sector with custodial symmetry(Georgi-Machacek model and its generalizations)and the scalar sector without custodial symmetry,and explore how these extensions fit to electroweak precision data and the new CDF mW.The favored oblique parameters originate from either the large mass splitting in the multiplet via the loop contribution or the large vacuum expectation value,which breaks custodial symmetry at the tree level.In particular,we find that O(100)GeV new particles are allowed in the scalar extension scenarios.

Search for a lighter neutral custodial fiveplet scalar in the Georgi-Machacek model

Many researches from both theoretical and experimental perspectives have been performed to search for a new Higgs Boson that is lighter than the 125 GeV Higgs boson,which was discovered at the LHC in 2012.In this study,we explore the possibility of constraining a lighter neutral custodial fiveplet scalar H_(5)^(0) in the GeorgiMachacek(GM) model using the latest results of the search for a lighter Higgs boson decaying into two photons from LHC data.The custodial-singlet mass eigenstate h or H is considered to be the LHC observed 125 GeV Higgs boson.A new set of constrained parameters that is favoured by low-mass H_(5)^(0) is proposed to generate events efficiently.The production of H_(5)^(0) from a scan based on the constrained parameters is compared to the latest results of the search for a lighter Higgs boson decaying into two photons by the CMS Collaboration after applying theoretical constraints from the GM model and constraints from all existing relevant experimental measurements,including the recent results of the Higgs boson searches by the LHC.Numerical analyses of the surviving GM parameter space are performed.The tendencies and correlations of the GM input parameters from phenomenological studies are summarized.In addition,the discovery potential of the other interesting decay channels of this low-mass neutral custodial fiveplet scalar are discussed.

Patient Safety in the Use of Mechanical Restraints: Regulatory Compliance among Hospitals in the City of Buenos Aires and Proposal for Its Improvement

Introduction: Mechanical or physical restraint is an exceptional therapeutic resource to immobilize a subject and thus guarantee the safety of the patient and/or third parties in the face of high-risk behaviors, but it entails multiple crossings (bioethical, philosophical, medical, psychological, legal). Framed in the so-called “safety culture” developed by the WHO, based on the Protocol for its implementation of the CABA and attentive to its frequent use in CABA by different hospital services (medical clinic, geriatrics, intensive care and medical guards) we consider it necessary its study in terms of compliance with the risks it entails and its management. Objectives: Identify regulatory compliance with the GCABA Mechanical restraint (MR) Protocol from a patient safety perspective, as well as describe the clinical and medicolegal aspects, and propose the usefulness of a tool for its management and control. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, transversal and prospective work through the analysis of Clinical Records with indication of MR using a rubric-type form. 177 cases were analyzed between September-November 2023 from three hospitals of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, statistical parameters were applied and graphs were made. Results: Only 12.99% complied with the Protocol. In the mental health specialized hospital compliance was almost 5 times greater than in the general one, and in the emergency services compliance was 12 times greater than in Inpatient services. We found that the start or end time of MR was not recorded and only 43% described the causes/justifications for the indication (mostly in Emergency and Specialized hospitals), with the MR average time being shorter in Emergency. Conclusions: Only 1.3 out of 10 patients reliably completed the Protocol and it was mostly in the mental health specialized hospital and the emergency services. The results show non-compliance behavior in the application and management of the risk that the use of mechanical restraints entails, being causes for criminal litigation. We consider that the checklists are useful to complete the Protocol and thus provide security to patients and professionals.

The Birth and Custody of Infant Bacchus

This article discusses the visual aspects of the birth of Dionysus/Bacchus,the God of Agriculture,Revelry,and Wine,in classical art.It examines the historical and iconographic aspects of the infant Dionysus’s custody by two deities,Silenus and Mercury,in ancient classical art,particularly in Roman frescoes and sculptural reliefs,and its echoes in Italian Renaissance engravings.

Congestion aware routing algorithm for delay-disruption tolerance networks

There were many contradictory evaluation criteria to select next-hop in the delay-disruption tolerance networks(DTN).To solve this problem,an attribute hierarchical model was proposed,in which the predefined criteria were summarized as static identity attributes,forwarding desire attributes and delivery capability attributes(IDC).Based on this model,a novel multi-attributes congestion aware routing(MACAR) scheme with uncertain information for next-hop selection was presented,by adopting an decision theory to aggregate attributes with belief structure and computing partial ordering relations.The simulation results show that MACAR presents higher successful delivery rate,lower average delay and effectively alleviate congestion.

Extraction and Supervision of Data of Chain of Custody in Computer Forensics

In case handling, electronic evidence becomes more and more popular. In order to reduce the burden of judges＇ task to determine the integrity of chain of custody, even no technique experts on the spot, this paper suggests a solution to solve this kind of problem.

Spray and Dynamic: Advanced Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks

This paper addresses the problem of routing in delay tolerant networks (DTNs). Delay tolerant networks are wireless networks where disconnections occur frequently due to mobility of nodes, failures of energy, the low density of nodes, or when the network extends over long distances. In these cases, traditional routing protocols that have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks prove to be ineffective to the extent of transmitting messages between nodes. To resolve this problem and improve the performance of routing in delay tolerant networks we propose a new routing protocol called Spray and Dynamic;this approach represents an improvement of the spray and wait protocol by combining it with the two protocols: MaxProp and the model of “transfer by delegation” (Custody Transfer). To implement our approach Spray and Dynamic, we have developed a DTN simulator according to DTN network architecture.

Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN)<br>—Improved Routing with MaxProp and the Model of “Transfer by Delegation” (Custody Transfer)

In this paper, we address the problem of routing in delay tolerant networks (DTN). In such networks there is no guarantee of finding a complete communication path connecting the source and destination at any time, especially when the destination is not in the same region as the source, which makes traditional routing protocols inefficient in that transmission of the messages between nodes. We propose to combine the routing protocol MaxProp and the model of “transfer by delegation” (custody transfer) to improve the routing in DTN networks and to exploit nodes as common carriers of messages between the network partitioned. To implement this approach and assess those improvements and changes we developed a DTN simulator. Simulation examples are illustrated in the article.

Analyze Chinese capital escape ＆ international moving capital influx from net errors and omissions in the balance of payments

With the rapid economic development, the imbalance of China＇s balance of payments gets sever gradually, especially in the continuous increase in the net errors and omissions, which even has exceeded the international alert line. Such scale of net errors and omissions have also presented the flaws of the custody of capital flows, leading to huge capital escape and hot money influx, which needs our attention.

Principles and Issues Related to PsychologicalEvaluation of Parental Competence in the Arab MoslemSociety in Israel

For the Arab Moslem citizens of Israel, the Shari＇a court is the supreme judicial body competent to adjudicate and rule onmatters of divorce, custody, adoption, and custodianship. Under Shari＇a law, a boy will be in the custody of his mother until the ageof seven and the girl, until the age of nine; at the end of this period, the children are transferred to the father＇s custody. In cases wherethere is no father, they are transferred to the custody of the grandfather. In cases of dispute between the parents regarding custody,the Shari＇a court is called upon to rule, and for this purpose, it seeks a professional psychological evaluation of parenting competenceIt should be noted that this evaluation in Arab Moslem society involves professional and ethical issues since it is culturally-biased interms of Moslem culture： （l） Arab society is a collective comprised of extended families （hamula = clans）; （2） Men have apreferential status over women; （3） The functions of the father and the mother with respect to the child＇s needs （instrumental,emotional, and educational） are distinct from each other. It is further noteworthy that the psychological evaluation is made bydiagnostic information and accredited tools of evaluation. In the present situation there are no psychological tests that were adaptedfor the Arab population. The test must be reliable and reflect the reality being tested. Lack of standardization for tests makes themirrelevant. Furthermore, it must be said that in the Arab world there is no consensus about the tools constructed for this purpose in theWest. Psycho-diagnostic tools including evaluations that deal with testing the level of general intellectual functioning are found innearly every psychological service or mental health clinic, but it is obvious to everyone that at the end of the testing, one must relyalso on the tester＇s experience and professional ability in order to determine the etiology or to make a diagnosis that will reflect thesubject＇s innermost emotional or mental state. Therefore the model for evaluating parenting competence in general Israel society isnot applicable in Arab Moslem society, since it is culturally-biased and the two cultures are different from each other. Therefore it isnecessary to build a model for evaluation that is grounded upon： （1） Shari＇a law; （2） Reference to the extended family; （3）Differential roles of father and mother; （4） Psychological tests adapted to the culture being examined.

Modeling Digital Evidence Management and Dynamics Using Petri Nets

In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being accepted as evidence in a court of law. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex. In each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody and its integrity. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence and can disrupt its integrity. In order for the evidence to be accepted by the court as valid, chain of custody for digital evidence must be kept, or it must be known who exactly came into contact with evidence in each stage of the investigation. This paper presents a dynamics and life cycle of digital evidence. The Petri nets will be proposed and used for modeling and simulation of this process.

The Two-Step Procedure： Using Gaming Insights to Improve Custody Evaluation Risk Assessment

Some children are maltreated and societies must protect them. This is done either at child protective services or when parents litigate over child custody, living, or visitation. Custody disputes provide difficult challenges for custody evaluators, particularly because information is often insufficient for high-precision decision-making. These challenges are present in both risk assessments （RAs） and investigations for the children＇s best interest （ICBIs）. Insights from gaming and signal-detection theory show that thinking several steps ahead leads to statistical advantage which improves decision-making in game play. The purpose of the present study is to show that gaming advantages can be used to improve RAs in custody disputes. The two-step procedure is organized as： （1） defining RAs and ICBIs as two sets with intersection; and （2） completing RAs before initiating ICBIs and using liberal RA decision-making criteria. Formal analysis and mathematical example show that the two-step procedure reduces the total number of RA errors by about 50 percent and suggest that gaming finesses are transferrable to custody disputes. Furthermore, should the two-step procedure be implemented, children are potentially protected from maltreatment post litigation. Implementation issues of the two-step procedure are discussed.

Compromise and Change: Reconsideration on the Custody of Infants Act of 1839

The United Kingdom’s Custody of Infants Act of 1839 is generally regarded as a signature instrument for women to gain guardianship of a child, and widely considered a product of the equal rights movement launched by women in England. It has played an important role in promoting women’s equal rights and breaking patriarchal absolutism. However, there was much compromise in the legal basis for the legislation and the legal provisions, resulting in debates on the legislation that have greatly diluted the revolutionary significance of the Act. Starting with the Marxist argument on bourgeois family legislation, this paper analyzes the legislative and judicial practice of guardianship of minors before and after the promulgation of the Act in the United Kingdom. In view of its impact on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, this paper attempts to re-evaluate the historical status of this act.

Precise correction to parameter ρ in the littlest Higgs model

In this paper tree-level violation of weak isospin parameter, ρ in the frame of the littlest Higgs model is studied. The potentially large deviation from the standard model prediction for the ρ in terms of the littlest Higgs model parameters is calculated. The maximum value for ρ for f =1 TeV, c = 0.05, c＇ = 0.05 and v＇ = 1.5 GeV is ρ = 1.2973 which means a large enhancement than the SM.

Recommendations for procedures related to the evidence chain of custody in forensic anthropology in Brazil

Forensic anthropologists perform specialised analysis,mainly involving skeletonised human remains,cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition,disassociated elements from the human body,and human remains in extreme carbonisation.The main objectives of the forensic anthropology expertise are human identification and assisting in determining the cause and manner of death.Estimating the time since death is also a priority for some cases,especially ones involving missing persons.This science works on individual cases,violent deaths,missing persons,mass disasters,suspected violations of human rights,and crimes against humanity.Forensic anthropological evidence is,in general,very sensitive.Thus,it is important to detail aspects relevant to the maintenance of the chain of custody at all phases of the investigation,as well as standardise the actions of the individuals involved.This aims to preserve the evidence integrity and sameness(Sameness:free translation of the Portuguese word“mesmidade”,derived from a Spanish word that does not possess a translation to Portuguese.Sameness of evidence is understood as the guarantee that the evidence under valuation(or under analysis of its probative value)is exactly and integrally the same one which was collected,corresponding,therefore,to“the same”(and not“part of”,“derived from”),safeguarding its value.Brazil Law No.13.964 of 14 December 2019 establishes and lists 10 phases related to the evidence chain of custody that must be followed.These newly introduced requirements resulted in the need for adaptation of the forensic,investigative,and legal actors involved in an investigation,and in the detailed description of the procedures for the different areas related to criminalistics,including forensic anthropology.The information provided in this article should be interpreted as recommendations,even though their non-compliance may weaken the investigative and forensic analysis processes in whole or in part.

Exploring technologies to better link physical evidence and digital information for disaster victim identification

Disaster victim identification(DVI)entails a protracted process of evidence collection and data matching to reconcile physical remains with victim identity.Technology is critical to DVI by enabling the linkage of physical evidence to information.However,labelling physical remains and collecting data at the scene are dominated by low-technology paper-based practices.We ask,how can technology help us tag and track the victims of disaster?Our response to this question has two parts.First,we conducted a human–computer interaction led investigation into the systematic factors impacting DVI tagging and tracking processes.Through interviews with Australian DVI practitioners,we explored how technologies to improve linkage might fit with prevailing work practices and preferences;practical and social considerations;and existing systems and processes.We focused on tagging and tracking activities throughout the DVI process.Using insights from these interviews and relevant literature,we identified four critical themes:protocols and training;stress and stressors;the plurality of information capture and management systems;and practicalities and constraints.Second,these findings were iteratively discussed by the authors,who have combined expertise across electronics,data science,cybersecurity,human–computer interaction and forensic pathology.We applied the themes identified in the first part of the investigation to critically review technologies that could support DVI practitioners by enhancing DVI processes that link physical evidence to information.This resulted in an overview of candidate technologies matched with consideration of their key attributes.This study recognises the importance of considering human factors that can affect technology adoption into existing practices.Consequently,we provide a searchable table(as Supplementary information)that relates technologies to the key considerations and attributes relevant to DVI practice,for readers to apply to their own context.While this research directly contributes to DVI,it also has applications to other domains in which a physical/digital linkage is required,and particularly within high stress environments with little room for error.