Extraction Process and Quality Standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish the quality standard of Danshen Jianxin Capsules.[Methods]Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the water extraction process by taking the amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of tanshinone I as the index.Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma and Radix Astragali in the capsules were qualitatively identified by TLC,and the content of tanshinone I in the capsules was determined by HPLC.[Results]The best water extraction process included the steps of adding 12 times of water each time,extracting the materials twice,for 1 h each time.In TLC identification,the test samples showed spots of the same color at the positions corresponding to tanshinone II A,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV reference samples.[Conclusions]Danshen Jianxin Capsules was prepared by the water extraction method,which is characterized by high efficiency and being suitable for mass production.The quality control method is reliable,fast and accurate,which can effectively control the quality of the product.

Effect of Fufang Danshen Pill on Bone Marrow Stem Mobilization when Myocardial Scathe

Objective：To investigate the effect of Fufang Danshen pill on bone marrow stem mobilization during myocardial scathe. Methods：Rat models with expansionary myocardial disease were established by Pituitrin and Furazolidone. Experimental rats were divided into the contrast group, the myocardial scathe group （MS group）, the myocardial scathe and Fufang Dansben pill group （ MS ＋ FD group） and the myocardial scathe and fluvastatin group （ MS ＋ FT group）. The ratio of CD34^＋ cells was examined at the 1^st, 3^nl and 6^th weekend. Index of heart structure and function including LVESD, LVEDD. LYEF, LVEDP and dp/dtmax were evaluated at the 6^th weekend. The HW/BW index was calculated. Results：In the MS group, the index of HW/BW, LVESD, LVEDD and LVEDP were obviously increased （P 〈 0.01 ） and index of dp/ dtmax and LVEF were obviously decreased （P 〈 0.05 ）. The ratio of CD34^＋ cells was significantly improved at the 1^at weekend and then reduced slowly with no difference from that of the contrast group at the 6th weekend. Compared the MS ＋ FD group and the MS ＋ FT group with the MS group, the index of HW/BW, LYESD, LYEDD and LYEDP of were signifi cantly decreased （ P 〈 0.05 ） and index of dp/dtmax and LVEF were increased （P 〈 0.01 ）. The ratio of CD34^＋ cells was significantly higher at the 1^st, 3^nl and 6^th weekend, but had no statistic meaning at 3^nl and 6^th weekend （P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion：Pituitrin and Furazolidone can be used to establish rat models with expansionary myocardial disease. There has bone marrow stem mobilization during the early period of myocardial scathe. Fufang Danshen pill has effect on improving bone marrow stem mobilization, lightening the expansionary degree of heart and protecting the heart function. The effect of Fufang Danshen pill is as same as that of fluvastatin.

Compound Danshen injection improves endotoxin-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery

AIM: To investigate the effect of compound Danshen injection on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions and the underlying possible mechanism by an inverted intravital microscope and high-speed video camera system. METHODS: LPS was continuously infused through the jugular artery of male Wistar rats at the dose of 2 mg/kg per hour. Changes in mesenteric microcirculation,such as diameters of arterioles and venules,velocity of RBCs in venules,leukocyte rolling,adhesion and emigration,free radicals released from post-capillary venules,FITC- albumin leakage and mast cell degranulation,were observed through an inverted intravital microscope assisted with CCD camera and SIT camera. Meanwhile,the expression of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 and the production of free radical in neutrophils,and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were quantified by flow cytometry (FACS) in vitro. RESULTS: The continuous infusion with LPS resulted in a number of responses in microcirculation,including a significant increase in the positive region of venulestained with Monastral blue B,rolling and adhesion of leukocytes,production of oxygen radical in venular wall,albumin efflux and enhanced mast cell degranulation in vivo,all of which,except for the leukocyte rolling,were attenuated by the treatment with compound Danshen injection. Experiments performed in vitro further revealed that the expression of CD11b/CD18 and the production of oxygen free radical in neutrophils,and the expression of ICAM-1 in HUVECs were increased by exposure to LPS,and they were attenuated by compound Danshen injection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that compound Danshen injection is an efficient drug with multi-targeting potential for improving the microcirculatory disturbance.

Compound Danshen tablets downregulate amyloid protein precursor mRNA expression in a transgenic cell model of Alzheimer's disease Effects and a comparison with donepezil

After gene mutation, the pcDNA3.1/APP595/596 plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells to establish a cell model of Alzheimer＇s disease. The cell model was treated with donepezil or compound Danshen tablets after culture for 72 hours. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of amyloid protein precursor decreased in all groups following culture for 24 hours, and that there was no significant difference in the amount of decrease between donepezil and compound Danshen tablets. Our results suggest that compound Danshen tablets can reduce expression of the mRNA for amyloid protein precursor in a transgenic cell model of Alzheimer＇s disease, with similar effects to donepezil.

Danshen Modulates Nrf2-mediated Signaling Pathway in Cisplatin-induced Renal Injury

Danshen, an efficacious agent for cardiovascular diseases, has been found to play an essential role in kidney injury. In the present study, the effect of Danshen on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction was investigated in a mouse model. Danshen was administered to mice at a dose of 3 g/kg 4 days before and 3 days after cisplatin treatment. A single intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin was used to induce nephrotoxicity. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after cisplatin intoxication. Biochemical parameters including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed. Histopathological changes of kidney tissues were detected using HE staining. Antioxidant enzymes（GSH-Px and SOD） and peroxidative product（MDA） were detected. Protein expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes including HO-1 and NQO1 were measured by Western blotting. The results showed that pretreatment with Danshen significantly reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the cisplatin-treated mice. Histopathological examination showed that Danshen mitigated the renal damage induced by cisplatin. Moreover, Danshen restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes（GSH-Px and SOD） and normalized the MDA contents in renal tissues. Western blotting revealed that Danshen enhanced the expressions of Nrf2 and its target genes in cisplatin-exposed mice. It was suggested that Danshen protects against the cisplatin-induced renal impairment in the mice, which is potentially associated with the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway.

Influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^+ CD25^+ regulatory T cells of asthmatic rats

Objective： To investigate the influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells（CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr） of asthmatic rats, and elucidate the possible mechanism of Danshen Injection in treatment of asthma. Methods： 30 Wister rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma group and Danshen Injection treated group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids （BALF） were collected, and cytology studies were conducted. Lung tissues were obtained and pathologic analyses were done with hematoxylin and eosin stain （HE）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. Results： Total cell, the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils （Eos） in BALF of Danshen Injection-treated group were lower than that in asthma group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with asthma group, less infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissues was observed in Danshen Injection-treated group. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr of asthma group was lower than that of control and Danshen Injection treated group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Danshen Injection can suppress airway inflammation of asthmatic rats, probably by increasing the number of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr.

Mechanism of Danshen-Gegen in treating coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Danshen-Gegen on coronary heart disease.METHODS First using network pharmacology,according to oral bioavailability and drug-like properties,taking Danshen-Gegen as the research object,obtaining its active ingredients and targets in the pharmacological analysis platform of Chinese medicine system,using TTD,DrugBank and Disgenet database to obtain coronary heart disease targets,the active componentcoronary heart disease target network was constructed by CytosCape3.6.1 software,and the target protein interaction network was constructed by String database,Finally,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the target in the DAVID database.RESULTS 61 active ingredients were screened from Danshen-Gegen,and 68 targets related to coronary heart disease were selected.GO analysis showed that Danshen-Gegen is involved in many biological processes such as transcription and inflammation of RNA polymeraseⅡpromoter.The target of treating coronary heart disease is mainly concentrated in extracellular space,plasma membrane and nucleus to treat coronary heart disease.The main effects of treatment of coronary heart disease are zinc ion binding,cytokine activity and sequence-specific DNA binding.The results of KEGG analysis showed that the regulation of Danshen-Gegen includes signaling pathways such as HIF-10,PI3K-Akt,TNF and Jak-STAT.CONCLUSION The combination of Danshen-Gegen has 61 active ingredients to play a role in the treatment of coronary heart disease through 68 targets and Jak-STAT,PI3K-Akt and other signaling path⁃ways.The results of this study provide a reference for further study of the pharmacological effects of Danshen-Gegen.

Pharmacokinetic parameters investigation on interaction between Danshen injection and Honghua injection

OBJECTIVE Danshen injection and Honghua injection,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)injections,made from the extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.and Carthamus tinctorius L.,have a potential to be developed into the useful drugs for the.As the common TCM injections,Danshen injection is often combined with Honghua injection to treat cardiovascular disease.The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Honghua injection combined with Danshen injection when they were coadministered intravenously in human and rats through the tail vein.METHODS Single and multiple doses of Danshen injection to study Danshen injection on Honghua injection pharmacokinetics parameters and single and multiple doses of Honghua injection to study Honghua injection on Danshen injection pharmacokinetics parameters.The plasma concentrations of hydroxysafflor A(HSYA)and tanshinol and salvianolic acid B were determined by the reliable high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method.The concentrations of HSYA in urine of rats and human were also determined by HPLC method.DAS 2.1.1software was adopted for calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS The simultaneous intravenous Honghua injection and salvia miltiorrhiza injiection significantly altered the pharmacokinetic parameters of both injections when compared with the individual intravenous administration of each injection.The area under the concentration-timecurve(AUC)and maximum plasma concentration(Cmax)of HSYA and tanshinol and salvianolic acid B were significantly increased.The cumulative urine excretion of HSYA in human and rats during 24 h was decreased after two drugs were administered simultaneously by the intravenous.CONCLUSION Honghua injection and Danshen injection interact with each other following simultaneous intravenous and they have a synergistic action.This experiment has identified the pharmacokinetic parameters and provided a rationale for the clinical use of the drug combination.

The Protective Effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Oxidative Stress after Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) on oxidative stress after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. Methods: Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (group A), I/R (group B), and I/R plus CDDP (group C). Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) was introduced by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) to 110 mmHg for 60 min via cannulation into the anterior chamber. Right after the insult, CDDP was administered intragastrically (450 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the retinal tissues were determined on d1 and d7 after the ischemic insult. Results: Following ischemia, the MDA levels in group B and group C were significantly higher than those in group A (p < 0.01). CDDP significantly lowered MDA levels in group C when compared with group B (p < 0.01). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were higher in group A than in group B and group C (p < 0.01). CDDP could increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT remarkably in group C when compared with group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion: CDDP can protect the retina from I/R injury through reducing oxidative stress, and thus may be a promising method for the treatment of ischemic retinal disorders.

Effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen Decoction on clinical efficacy of unstable angina with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen decoction on unstable angina(UA)with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.Method:Eighty patients with UA were randomly divided into treatment group(40 cases)and control group(40 cases)by random number table.The control group was given conventional western medicine treatment,and the experimental group was given Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction and Danshen decoction on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,the angina attacks,dosage of nitroglycerin,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score,quality of life score,blood lipid,coagulation index and clinical total efficacy were observed and recorded.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the attack times and duration of angina in the two groups were both decreased compared with those before treatment.And the treatment group was more significantly reduced than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the consumption of nitroglycerin of the treatment group was 90.0%,which was better than 67.5%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the total effective rate of the treatment group was 90%,which was better than 65%of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,the differences was significant(p<0.05).The improvement of low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),total cholesterol(TC)and prothrombin time(PT)in the experimental group was better than that in the control group(p<0.05).During the study,there were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.Conclusion:Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction combined with Danshen decoction can effectively relieve the attack of angina and the consumption of nitroglycerin,improve clinical symptoms,regulate blood lipid and blood flow state,and improve the quality of life of patients with UA,with good clinical efficacy and safety.

The therapeutic effect of Jiawei Danshen Decoction on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting H_(2)S-mediated autophagy signaling pathway

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Jiawei Danshen Decoction(加味丹参饮,JWDSD)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)via the regulation of serum Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)and cardiac Beclin1,light Chain 3 A/B(LC3 A/B),p62,and autophagy protein5(ATG5).Methods Seventy specific pathogen free(SPF)Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to seven groups(n=10 in each group),including normal control,sham operation,MIRI model(model),ischemic preconditioning,Na HS,JWDSD,and JWDSD+CSE inhibitor(JWDSD+PPG)groups,and orally administered the indicated drugs for 14 d.Two hours after the last administration,the left anterior decreased branch of the coronary artery of each rat in model,Na HS,JWDSD,and JWDSD+PPG groups was ligated for 30 min and subsequently reperfused for 90 min to establish the MIRI model,and the rats in the sham operation group were only exposed to the thorax after surgery without coronary ligation.Blood samples were collected to detect H2S levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Heart tissues were harvested for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of Beclin1 and ATG5 m RNA expression and Western blot analysis of Beclin1,LC3 A/B,and p62 protein expression.Results(1)The serum H2S content in model group rats was significantly reduced(P<0.01),JWDSD significantly increased the serum H2S content of model group rats(P<0.01),and the CSE inhibitor(PPG)significantly reduced H2S levels in the JWDSD group rats(P<0.01).(2)Compared with the normal control group,the myocardial tissue necrosis and cell destruction occurred in the MIRI model group,and JWDSD could alleviate the myocardial tissue necrosis of model rats,but the ameliorative effect of JWDSD could be reversed by PPG.(3)Beclin1,LC3 A/B,and p62 expression levels in the heart tissues of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.001),whereas decreased by JWDSD(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively),and the inhibitory effects of JWDSD on Beclin1,LC3 A/B,and p62 expression were partially reversed by PPG(P<0.01,P<0.05,and P<0.01,respectively).(4)The expression levels of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and ATG5 were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.001).JWDSD clearly downregulated the expression levels of Beclin1 and ATG5(P<0.05 and P<0.001,respectively),which were reversed by PPG(P<0.001).Conclusion Our experimental data show that JWDSD can exhibit an anti-MIRI role by increasing endogenous H2S generation,and downregulating the expression of Beclin1,LC3 A/B,p62 and ATG5,which are related to inhibiting autophagy signaling.

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and danshen on bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression in the brain of rats exposed to repeated, high, positive acceleration (+Gz)

BACKGROUND： Both animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and danshen （Salvia miltiorrhiza） can exhibit protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion cerebral injury. OBJECTIVE： To test whether bFGF and danshen can protect cerebral injury induced by exposure to repeated, high, positive acceleration （＋Gz） in an animal model and to analyze the possible mechanisms. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized controlled animal study. The experiment was performed at the Research Center for Molecular Biology, Air-force General Hospital of Chinese PLA from April to August 2000. MATERIALS： A total of 20 clean grade, healthy, Sprague Dawley rats of both genders, weighing （200 ± 15） g, were provided by our experimental animal center. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups： the control group, ＋Gz exposure group, bFGF group, danshen group, and saline group, with 4 animals per group. bFGF （Beijing Bailuyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd.） and danshen solution （Shanghai Zhongxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.） were used. METHODS： All rats were fixed on a rotary arm of a centrifugal apparatus （2 m in radius） with their heads oriented towards the center of the apparatus. Except for rats in the control group, the value of ＋Gz exposure was ＋14 Gz with an acceleration rate of 1.5 G/s. The peak force lasted for 45 seconds. ＋Gz exposure was performed three times with intervals of 30 minutes. Rats in the control group received the same ＋Gz procedure, but the G value was ＋1 Gz. Rats in bFGF group and danshen group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg bFGF or 15 g/kg danshen solution, respectively, at 30 minutes prior to centrifugation and immediately after centrifugation. Rats in saline group were injected with the same volume of saline. Six hours after exposure, rats were decapitated. One hemisphere was preserved in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction and the other was processed for apoptosis detection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： mRNA levels of bcl-2 and p53 were measured by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic cell death was detected by terminal deoxynuleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. RESULTS： Changes in mRNA expression of bcl-2 and p53 and apoptotic cells were observed in rat brain six hours after repeated ＋Gz exposures, bFGF and danshen were able block the changes of bcl-2 and p53 expression and inhibit apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION： The data suggest that apoptosis and changes in bcl-2 and p53 expression in the rat brain can be induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures. Apoptosis is, therefore, one of the molecular mechanisms of brain damage induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures, bFGF and danshen were of the equal potency in preventing brain injury induced by repeated ＋Gz exposures.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Ingredients in Guanxin Danshen Tablets by RP-HPLC

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a method for simultaneous determination of four ingredients in Guanxin Danshen tablets by RP-HPLC.[Methods]HPLC chromatography was adopted with column of Thermo Hypersil-Keystone C 18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.03 mol/L ammonium acetate(pH adjusted to 2.4 with formic acid)(B),gradient elution(0-5 min,5%A;5-10 min,5%A→19%A;10-40 min,19%A;40-68 min,19%A→36%A;68-90 min,36%A→95%A),flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and column temperature of 25℃.[Results]The content of salvianic acid A sodium,protocatechuic aldehyde,salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A showed good linear relationship with chromatographic peak area in the range of 3.310-18.66,0.03950-0.2370,0.7500-4.500,0.05920-0.3550μg,respectively.The recovery rate(n=6)was 101.75%,96.86%,104.15%and 99.03%,respectively,and the RSD was 1.52%,2.81%,1.80%,and 1.37%respectively.The established method has good precision,reproducibility and stability.[Conclusions]This method can be used for the quality control of multiple ingredients of Guanxin Danshen tablets.

Protective Effects of Self-made Compound Taoren Danshen Decoction on Rats with Acute Liver Injury

[Objectives] To study the protective effects of self-made Compound Taoren Danshen Decoction( CTDD) on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats,and to explore its mechanism. [Methods]An acute liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of D-galactosamine. The ALT,AST,MDA,SOD and GSH-Px in serum,as well as serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured,and liver tissue lesions were observed under microscope. [Results] CTDD can significantly reduce ALT,AST and MDA levels,increase SOD,GSH-Px activity,and significantly reduce serum TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 levels,and improve liver tissue lesions.[Conclusions]CTDD has a protective effect on D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction.

Effects of Danshen Injection on the Malignant Obstructive Jaundice in the SD Rat Model

To observe the effects of Danshen on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in the SD rats, a model of malignant obstructive jaundice was established by inoculation of transplanted tumor into the hepatic portal with the walker-256 hepatocarcine line, which resulted in the obstruction by the infiltration and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. SD rats were divided into 4 groups： the rats were treated by 0.9 % NS （n=24, control group）, inosine＋vitamin C （n=40, InV group）, Danshen （n=40, DS group） and 5-FU （n=40, 5-FU group）, respectively. The liver function, morphological changes and the expressions of PCNA, VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma foci, peri-carcinoma tissues, adjacent lobe （left-internal lobe） and lung tissues were observed after the treatment with the 4 agents. Our results showed that the protective effect of Danshen on liver function was significantly better than that of NS and 5-FU （P〈0.01）. No significant difference in protective effect was observed between DS group and lnV group （P〉0.05）. Danshen also provided protective effect on the morphological damage of liver caused by obstructive jaundice. The rates of carcinoma-inhibition and metastasis inhibition were significantly higher than those of NS and inosine＋vitamin C （P〈0.01）. No significant difference in this regard existed between DS group and 5-FU group （P〉0.05）. The expressions of PCNA,VEGF and ICAM-1 PCNA, VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma foci, peri-carcinoma tissues, adjacent lobe （left-internal lobe） and lung tissues were lower than those in control group and InV group, with the differences being significant （P〈0.01）. No significant differences were found between DS group and 5-FU group in the expression levels of PCNA and VEGF （P〉0.05） but ICAM-1 （P〈0.05）. It is concluded that Danshen injection not only has protective effects on liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice, but can inhibit the proliferation and growth of hepatocarcinoma, interfere with the vascularization of tumors, prevent recurrence and metastasis of hepatocarcineoma.

Study on Determination of Tanshinones in Compound Danshen Tablets

[ Objective ] This study was conducted to improve quality standard of Compound Danshen tablets. [ Method] Tanshinones in Compound Danshen tab- lets were determined by HPLC method. [ Result] A good linear relationship was found in the range of 0.10 -0.50 μg, and the average recovery rate was 100.59% （RSD = 1.38% ）. [ Conclusion] The method is simple, rapid and reproducible, and could be used as a method for quality control of Compound Danshen Tablets.

Have Phase Ⅲ clinical trials of Compound Danshen Dripping Pill'tragically failed'?

Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) is the traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in China for the treatment of diseases such as coronary heart disease, stenocardia, and myocardial ischemia. The application of the pills was submitted to the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997. It was also the first TCM to enter phase III clinical trials by the FDA. However, news about the failure of the phase III clinical trials of CDDP was recently reported.

Analysis of the mechanism of Danshen in osteoarthritis based on network harmacology

Objective:To explore the effects of active ingredients of Danshen on OA target genes and signal pathways using network pharmacological methods,and to reveal the possible action mechanism.Methods:Firstly,the effective components and targets of Danshen were screened through the TCMSP database.Then,genes related to OA were screened using the GeneCards and OMIM databases,and the target genes were obtained by intersecting with the targets.Next,the cytoscape3.6.1 software was used to make a map of the relationship between the effective ingredients of Danshen and the target genes.Last,the target genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG.Results:In Danshen,57 effective ingredients,such as luteolin,tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone,were screened to act on 65 target genes of OA,involving IL6,AKT1,VEGFA,EGFR,STAT3,etc.Enrichment analysis showed that the target genes were mainly enriched in biological processes such as cytokine receptor binding,DNA-binding transcriptional activator activity,and RNA polymerase II-specificity,involving PI3K-Akt,IL-17,JAK-STAT,MAPK,and NF-kappa B signaling pathways.Conclusion:From the perspective of network pharmacology,the potential effective ingredients,effecting target genes and signal pathways of Danshen in the treatment of OA were screened to provide theoretical basis for the development of new drugs related to Danshen in the treatment of OA.

Clinical characteristics of Danshen Ligustrazine injection in the treatment of coronary heart disease with hypertension-A real world study

Objective:To explore the characteristics and rules of Danshen Ligustrazine Injection in the treatment of coronary heart disease with hypertension.Methods:From the information systems of 12 tertiary tier-one hospitals across the country,we extracted the medical data of the application of Danshen Ligustrazine Injection in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension.After normalization,the model was established by Apriori algorithm,and the association rules were analyzed by Clementine 12.0 software.Results:Most of the 1928 patients were between 75 and 90 years old(54.26%).There were more males than females,most with type 2 diabetes,cerebral infarction,etc.Each dose was more than 10 mL(52.78%).Aspirin enteric-coated tablets(67.63%),L-carnitine injection(58.77%),and atorvastatin calcium capsules(50.93%)were often used in combination with safflower yellow pigment(22.20%),Shexiang Baoxin Pill(16.55%),Suxiao Jiuxin Pill(15.09%);the most commonly used combination of western medicine was anticoagulant thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs(85.84%),and the type of Chinese medicine was Huoxuehuayu(72.98%);The most common combination of two western medicines was L-carnitine injection+aspirin enteric-coated tablets,with a support of 41.9%;The most common combination of two Chinese and western medicines is western medicine·anti-anginal medicine+western medicine·anticoagulant thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs with a support of 67.6%.Conclusion:Danshen Ligustrazine injection is mainly used in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension,with many comorbidities.The dosage standard needs to be optimized.The combination of drugs and guidelines should coordinate with each other,which provide clues for clinical diagnosis and treatment and optimization of medication.

Clinical Intervention Effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Aspirin Resistant Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

[Objectives]To study the clinical intervention effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on aspirin-resistant patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).[Methods]240 patients with coronary heart disease who took Aspirin were selected to measure thrombocytopenia by sonoclot.They were randomly divided into four groups:group A(n=60),Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and aspirin.group B(n=60),aspirin;group C(n=60),high dose aspirin;group D(n=60),Compound Danshen Dripping Pills.CR and PF were determined by sonoclot after one month.The incidence of angina pectoris,acute myocardial infarction,sudden cardiac death and hemorrhage were observed.[Results]After treatment,the CR and PF levels of group A and C were significantly lower than those before treatment,and there was no significant difference between group B and D and before treatment.After treatment,the levels of CR and PF in group A and C were significantly lower than those in group B and D,and there was a significant difference.Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction events in group D were significantly higher than the other four groups;hemorrhage events in group C were significantly higher than the other three groups.[Conclusions]Compound Danshen Dripping Pills combined with aspirin can be used as an economical,effective,and more dependent alternative to inhibit platelet activity in aspirin resistance,and can further reduce the occurrence of acute coronary events.