Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;&...Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the basement membrane of the breast ductal system. There is a lot of disparity in the natural history of DCIS with an estimated incidence of progression to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">invasive ductal carcinoma between 20%</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53% over ten or more years afte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">initial diagnosis. The surgical and adjuvant management of DCIS has advanced significantly in the last couple of decades. Nonetheless, surgeons, medical oncologist</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and radiation oncologists, along with their patients, still depend on conve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ntional clinical and pathologic risk factors to make management decisions. Irrespective of the management strategy, long-term survival is excel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lent. The debate around DCIS relates to preventing either under-treatment or over-treatment. In this paper, we will review the incidence and management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">options of DCIS. Additionally, we will focus on several current disputes related</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the management of DCIS, including breast conserving surgery, the role of radiation in breast conservation surgery, sentinel node biopsy in DCIS, hormonal therapy, various risk stratification schemes, and the option of active surveillance for low-risk DCIS.展开更多
物理下行控制信道(Physical Downlink Control Channel,PDCCH)承载着一个或多个终端的下行控制信息(DCI),UE通过解析DCI来得知用于PUSCH/PDSCH(物理上行共享信道/物理下行共享信道)传输的相关控制信息。提出了一种当UE被高层设置为用小...物理下行控制信道(Physical Downlink Control Channel,PDCCH)承载着一个或多个终端的下行控制信息(DCI),UE通过解析DCI来得知用于PUSCH/PDSCH(物理上行共享信道/物理下行共享信道)传输的相关控制信息。提出了一种当UE被高层设置为用小区无线网络临时标识C-RNTI加扰的CRC进行PDCCH解码时,UE根据传输模式来确定DCI格式候选集合,进而盲检测DCI格式及确定PDSCH传输方案的DSP实现方法,该方法已经在TMS320C64x DSP中实现。将该方案应用于TDLTE射频一致性测试系统的开发中,实际运行验证了该方案的可行性、高效性。展开更多
文摘Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the basement membrane of the breast ductal system. There is a lot of disparity in the natural history of DCIS with an estimated incidence of progression to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">invasive ductal carcinoma between 20%</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53% over ten or more years afte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">initial diagnosis. The surgical and adjuvant management of DCIS has advanced significantly in the last couple of decades. Nonetheless, surgeons, medical oncologist</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and radiation oncologists, along with their patients, still depend on conve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ntional clinical and pathologic risk factors to make management decisions. Irrespective of the management strategy, long-term survival is excel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lent. The debate around DCIS relates to preventing either under-treatment or over-treatment. In this paper, we will review the incidence and management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">options of DCIS. Additionally, we will focus on several current disputes related</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the management of DCIS, including breast conserving surgery, the role of radiation in breast conservation surgery, sentinel node biopsy in DCIS, hormonal therapy, various risk stratification schemes, and the option of active surveillance for low-risk DCIS.
文摘物理下行控制信道(Physical Downlink Control Channel,PDCCH)承载着一个或多个终端的下行控制信息(DCI),UE通过解析DCI来得知用于PUSCH/PDSCH(物理上行共享信道/物理下行共享信道)传输的相关控制信息。提出了一种当UE被高层设置为用小区无线网络临时标识C-RNTI加扰的CRC进行PDCCH解码时,UE根据传输模式来确定DCI格式候选集合,进而盲检测DCI格式及确定PDSCH传输方案的DSP实现方法,该方法已经在TMS320C64x DSP中实现。将该方案应用于TDLTE射频一致性测试系统的开发中,实际运行验证了该方案的可行性、高效性。