The largest amount of dairy by-products, especially the whey, comes from the manufacture of cheese. The whey proteins are used in several different industry technologies. The forage production is used for animal feedi...The largest amount of dairy by-products, especially the whey, comes from the manufacture of cheese. The whey proteins are used in several different industry technologies. The forage production is used for animal feeding in the forms of various flours mixed in feeds, and the food industry uses whey proteins as human nutrition, such as different dry soups, infant formulas and supplements. The fat components of whey may inhibit the efficient processing and might impair the use of whey in these technologies. Thus, the aim of the experiment was to investigate a cheap and economical separation of the lipid fraction of whey. This separation method was made by microfiltration, which is an inexpensive, effective and energy efficient method for this task. During the measurements, 0.2 μm and 0.45 μm microfiltration membranes were used in a laboratory tubular membrane filtration module, and the membrane separation method was combined and modified by using astatic mixer and/or air insufflation. The same pore size membranes were used in a vibrating membrane filtration equipment （VSEP）, too. The two different membrane filtration devices allowed the comparison of the effect of vibration and the effect of the static mixer and/or air insufflation. The flux values above 0.2 MPa transmembrane pressures strongly decreased on using the tubular membrane. Therefore, it can be determined that the use of the lower transmembrane pressures gave better flux combined with air insufflation and the use of static mixer. The flux values increased three times higher with using vibration during the microfiltration process than that without vibration. Comparing these methods, it can be concluded that the separation made on tubular membrane （0.2 μm） combined with statics mixer gave sufficient result according to the degreasing, retentions and flux values of the other components.展开更多
Neolithic sites in Oran are rich in ceramic pottery.Microscopic and chemical analysis of products is closely linked to the subsequent development of the main analytical methods:optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescenc...Neolithic sites in Oran are rich in ceramic pottery.Microscopic and chemical analysis of products is closely linked to the subsequent development of the main analytical methods:optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence.This study learns more about the mineralogical constituents of some caves pottery shards,ceramic typology of the Oran region,likely from the basic raw material(common clay,various types of regolith,silty loams,rarely marl),knowledge of the nature of intentionally added degreasers and characterized geological and archaeological context,also combined with the microscopic study of thin pottery blades met these requirements allowing us to showcase the progress of these ancient societies.展开更多
Masson pine(Pinus massoniana) is one of the main pine species in China.It is the most extensively distributed,it is the largest in number,and its use is extensive.This paper deals with the study situation of the prope...Masson pine(Pinus massoniana) is one of the main pine species in China.It is the most extensively distributed,it is the largest in number,and its use is extensive.This paper deals with the study situation of the property variation of the tree and the effect of external conditions on its properties in China,including pine wood modification(degreasing,mould prevention and improvement of dimensional stability).展开更多
文摘The largest amount of dairy by-products, especially the whey, comes from the manufacture of cheese. The whey proteins are used in several different industry technologies. The forage production is used for animal feeding in the forms of various flours mixed in feeds, and the food industry uses whey proteins as human nutrition, such as different dry soups, infant formulas and supplements. The fat components of whey may inhibit the efficient processing and might impair the use of whey in these technologies. Thus, the aim of the experiment was to investigate a cheap and economical separation of the lipid fraction of whey. This separation method was made by microfiltration, which is an inexpensive, effective and energy efficient method for this task. During the measurements, 0.2 μm and 0.45 μm microfiltration membranes were used in a laboratory tubular membrane filtration module, and the membrane separation method was combined and modified by using astatic mixer and/or air insufflation. The same pore size membranes were used in a vibrating membrane filtration equipment （VSEP）, too. The two different membrane filtration devices allowed the comparison of the effect of vibration and the effect of the static mixer and/or air insufflation. The flux values above 0.2 MPa transmembrane pressures strongly decreased on using the tubular membrane. Therefore, it can be determined that the use of the lower transmembrane pressures gave better flux combined with air insufflation and the use of static mixer. The flux values increased three times higher with using vibration during the microfiltration process than that without vibration. Comparing these methods, it can be concluded that the separation made on tubular membrane （0.2 μm） combined with statics mixer gave sufficient result according to the degreasing, retentions and flux values of the other components.
文摘Neolithic sites in Oran are rich in ceramic pottery.Microscopic and chemical analysis of products is closely linked to the subsequent development of the main analytical methods:optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence.This study learns more about the mineralogical constituents of some caves pottery shards,ceramic typology of the Oran region,likely from the basic raw material(common clay,various types of regolith,silty loams,rarely marl),knowledge of the nature of intentionally added degreasers and characterized geological and archaeological context,also combined with the microscopic study of thin pottery blades met these requirements allowing us to showcase the progress of these ancient societies.
基金Popularizing Projects in Forestry Science and Technology([2005]91 and[2006]Yangtze River -1)
文摘Masson pine(Pinus massoniana) is one of the main pine species in China.It is the most extensively distributed,it is the largest in number,and its use is extensive.This paper deals with the study situation of the property variation of the tree and the effect of external conditions on its properties in China,including pine wood modification(degreasing,mould prevention and improvement of dimensional stability).
