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Enhancing Dense Small Object Detection in UAV Images Based on Hybrid Transformer 被引量:1
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作者 Changfeng Feng Chunping Wang +2 位作者 Dongdong Zhang Renke Kou Qiang Fu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3993-4013,共21页
Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object detection.However,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unman... Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object detection.However,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)imagery.Addressing these limitations,we propose a hybrid transformer-based detector,H-DETR,and enhance it for dense small objects,leading to an accurate and efficient model.Firstly,we introduce a hybrid transformer encoder,which integrates a convolutional neural network-based cross-scale fusion module with the original encoder to handle multi-scale feature sequences more efficiently.Furthermore,we propose two novel strategies to enhance detection performance without incurring additional inference computation.Query filter is designed to cope with the dense clustering inherent in drone-captured images by counteracting similar queries with a training-aware non-maximum suppression.Adversarial denoising learning is a novel enhancement method inspired by adversarial learning,which improves the detection of numerous small targets by counteracting the effects of artificial spatial and semantic noise.Extensive experiments on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets substantiate the effectiveness of our approach,achieving a significant improvement in accuracy with a reduction in computational complexity.Our method achieves 31.9%and 21.1%AP on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets,respectively,and has a faster inference speed,making it a competitive model in UAV image object detection. 展开更多
关键词 UAV images TRANSFORMER dense small object detection
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Tomato detection method using domain adaptive learning for dense planting environments
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作者 LI Yang HOU Wenhui +4 位作者 YANG Huihuang RAO Yuan WANG Tan JIN Xiu ZHU Jun 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第13期134-145,共12页
This study aimed to address the challenge of accurately and reliably detecting tomatoes in dense planting environments,a critical prerequisite for the automation implementation of robotic harvesting.However,the heavy ... This study aimed to address the challenge of accurately and reliably detecting tomatoes in dense planting environments,a critical prerequisite for the automation implementation of robotic harvesting.However,the heavy reliance on extensive manually annotated datasets for training deep learning models still poses significant limitations to their application in real-world agricultural production environments.To overcome these limitations,we employed domain adaptive learning approach combined with the YOLOv5 model to develop a novel tomato detection model called as TDA-YOLO(tomato detection domain adaptation).We designated the normal illumination scenes in dense planting environments as the source domain and utilized various other illumination scenes as the target domain.To construct bridge mechanism between source and target domains,neural preset for color style transfer is introduced to generate a pseudo-dataset,which served to deal with domain discrepancy.Furthermore,this study combines the semi-supervised learning method to enable the model to extract domain-invariant features more fully,and uses knowledge distillation to improve the model's ability to adapt to the target domain.Additionally,for purpose of promoting inference speed and low computational demand,the lightweight FasterNet network was integrated into the YOLOv5's C3 module,creating a modified C3_Faster module.The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed TDA-YOLO model significantly outperformed original YOLOv5s model,achieving a mAP(mean average precision)of 96.80%for tomato detection across diverse scenarios in dense planting environments,increasing by 7.19 percentage points;Compared with the latest YOLOv8 and YOLOv9,it is also 2.17 and 1.19 percentage points higher,respectively.The model's average detection time per image was an impressive 15 milliseconds,with a FLOPs(floating point operations per second)count of 13.8 G.After acceleration processing,the detection accuracy of the TDA-YOLO model on the Jetson Xavier NX development board is 90.95%,the mAP value is 91.35%,and the detection time of each image is 21 ms,which can still meet the requirements of real-time detection of tomatoes in dense planting environment.The experimental results show that the proposed TDA-YOLO model can accurately and quickly detect tomatoes in dense planting environment,and at the same time avoid the use of a large number of annotated data,which provides technical support for the development of automatic harvesting systems for tomatoes and other fruits. 展开更多
关键词 PLANTS MODELS domain adaptive tomato detection illumination variation semi-supervised learning dense planting environments
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A quantum blind signature scheme based on dense coding for non-entangled states
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作者 邢柯 殷爱菡 薛勇奇 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期220-228,共9页
In some schemes, quantum blind signatures require the use of difficult-to-prepare multiparticle entangled states. By considering the communication overhead, quantum operation complexity, verification efficiency and ot... In some schemes, quantum blind signatures require the use of difficult-to-prepare multiparticle entangled states. By considering the communication overhead, quantum operation complexity, verification efficiency and other relevant factors in practical situations, this article proposes a non-entangled quantum blind signature scheme based on dense encoding. The information owner utilizes dense encoding and hash functions to blind the information while reducing the use of quantum resources. After receiving particles, the signer encrypts the message using a one-way function and performs a Hadamard gate operation on the selected single photon to generate the signature. Then the verifier performs a Hadamard gate inverse operation on the signature and combines it with the encoding rules to restore the message and complete the verification.Compared with some typical quantum blind signature protocols, this protocol has strong blindness in privacy protection,and higher flexibility in scalability and application. The signer can adjust the signature operation according to the actual situation, which greatly simplifies the complexity of the signature. By simultaneously utilizing the secondary distribution and rearrangement of non-entangled quantum states, a non-entangled quantum state representation of three bits of classical information is achieved, reducing the use of a large amount of quantum resources and lowering implementation costs. This improves both signature verification efficiency and communication efficiency while, at the same time, this scheme meets the requirements of unforgeability, non-repudiation, and prevention of information leakage. 展开更多
关键词 quantum blind signature dense coding non-entanglement Hadamard gate
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Vehicle Abnormal Behavior Detection Based on Dense Block and Soft Thresholding
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作者 Yuanyao Lu Wei Chen +2 位作者 Zhanhe Yu Jingxuan Wang Chaochao Yang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第6期5051-5066,共16页
With the rapid advancement of social economies,intelligent transportation systems are gaining increasing atten-tion.Central to these systems is the detection of abnormal vehicle behavior,which remains a critical chall... With the rapid advancement of social economies,intelligent transportation systems are gaining increasing atten-tion.Central to these systems is the detection of abnormal vehicle behavior,which remains a critical challenge due to the complexity of urban roadways and the variability of external conditions.Current research on detecting abnormal traffic behaviors is still nascent,with significant room for improvement in recognition accuracy.To address this,this research has developed a new model for recognizing abnormal traffic behaviors.This model employs the R3D network as its core architecture,incorporating a dense block to facilitate feature reuse.This approach not only enhances performance with fewer parameters and reduced computational demands but also allows for the acquisition of new features while simplifying the overall network structure.Additionally,this research integrates a self-attentive method that dynamically adjusts to the prevailing traffic conditions,optimizing the relevance of features for the task at hand.For temporal analysis,a Bi-LSTM layer is utilized to extract and learn from time-based data nuances.This research conducted a series of comparative experiments using the UCF-Crime dataset,achieving a notable accuracy of 89.30%on our test set.Our results demonstrate that our model not only operates with fewer parameters but also achieves superior recognition accuracy compared to previous models. 展开更多
关键词 Vehicle abnormal behavior deep learning ResNet dense block soft thresholding
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Attention-Based Residual Dense Shrinkage Network for ECG Denoising
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作者 Dengyong Zhang Minzhi Yuan +3 位作者 Feng Li Lebing Zhang Yanqiang Sun Yiming Ling 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期2809-2824,共16页
Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is one of the noninvasive physiological measurement techniques commonly usedin cardiac diagnosis.However,in real scenarios,the ECGsignal is susceptible to various noise erosion,which affec... Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is one of the noninvasive physiological measurement techniques commonly usedin cardiac diagnosis.However,in real scenarios,the ECGsignal is susceptible to various noise erosion,which affectsthe subsequent pathological analysis.Therefore,the effective removal of the noise from ECG signals has becomea top priority in cardiac diagnostic research.Aiming at the problem of incomplete signal shape retention andlow signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)after denoising,a novel ECG denoising network,named attention-based residualdense shrinkage network(ARDSN),is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the shallow ECG characteristics are extractedby a shallow feature extraction network(SFEN).Then,the residual dense shrinkage attention block(RDSAB)isused for adaptive noise suppression.Finally,feature fusion representation(FFR)is performed on the hierarchicalfeatures extracted by a series of RDSABs to reconstruct the de-noised ECG signal.Experiments on the MIT-BIHarrhythmia database and MIT-BIH noise stress test database indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resistthe interference of different sources of noise on the ECG signal. 展开更多
关键词 Electrocardiogram signal denoising signal-to-noise ratio attention-based residual dense shrinkage network MIT-BIH
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MSADCN:Multi-Scale Attentional Densely Connected Network for Automated Bone Age Assessment
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作者 Yanjun Yu Lei Yu +2 位作者 Huiqi Wang Haodong Zheng Yi Deng 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第2期2225-2243,共19页
Bone age assessment(BAA)helps doctors determine how a child’s bones grow and develop in clinical medicine.Traditional BAA methods rely on clinician expertise,leading to time-consuming predictions and inaccurate resul... Bone age assessment(BAA)helps doctors determine how a child’s bones grow and develop in clinical medicine.Traditional BAA methods rely on clinician expertise,leading to time-consuming predictions and inaccurate results.Most deep learning-based BAA methods feed the extracted critical points of images into the network by providing additional annotations.This operation is costly and subjective.To address these problems,we propose a multi-scale attentional densely connected network(MSADCN)in this paper.MSADCN constructs a multi-scale dense connectivity mechanism,which can avoid overfitting,obtain the local features effectively and prevent gradient vanishing even in limited training data.First,MSADCN designs multi-scale structures in the densely connected network to extract fine-grained features at different scales.Then,coordinate attention is embedded to focus on critical features and automatically locate the regions of interest(ROI)without additional annotation.In addition,to improve the model’s generalization,transfer learning is applied to train the proposed MSADCN on the public dataset IMDB-WIKI,and the obtained pre-trained weights are loaded onto the Radiological Society of North America(RSNA)dataset.Finally,label distribution learning(LDL)and expectation regression techniques are introduced into our model to exploit the correlation between hand bone images of different ages,which can obtain stable age estimates.Extensive experiments confirm that our model can converge more efficiently and obtain a mean absolute error(MAE)of 4.64 months,outperforming some state-of-the-art BAA methods. 展开更多
关键词 Bone age assessment deep learning attentional densely connected network muti-scale
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The seismicity in the middle section of the Altyn Tagh Fault system revealed by a dense nodal seismic array
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作者 Shi Yao Tao Xu +4 位作者 Yingquan Sang Lingling Ye Tingwei Yang Chenglong Wu Minghui Zhang 《Earthquake Research Advances》 CSCD 2024年第3期7-15,共9页
The left-lateral Altyn Tagh Fault(ATF) system is the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, separating the Tarim Basin and the Qaidam Basin. The middle section of ATF has not recorded any large earthquakes s... The left-lateral Altyn Tagh Fault(ATF) system is the northern boundary of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, separating the Tarim Basin and the Qaidam Basin. The middle section of ATF has not recorded any large earthquakes since1598 AD, so the potential seismic hazard is unclear. We develope an earthquake catalog using continuous waveform data recorded by the Tarim-Altyn-Qaidam dense nodal seismic array from September 17 to November23, 2021 in the middle section of ATF. With the machine learning-based picker, phase association, location, match and locate workflow, we detecte 233 earthquakes with M_L-1–3, far more than 6 earthquakes in the routine catalog. Combining with focal mechanism solutions and the local fault structure, we find that seismic events are clustered along the ATF with strike-slip focal mechanisms and on the southern secondary faults with thrusting focal mechanisms. This overall seismic activity in the middle section of the ATF might be due to the northeastward transpressional motion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau block at the western margin of the Qaidam Basin. 展开更多
关键词 Altyn Tagh Fault Machine learning SEISMICITY dense seismic array
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Design of dense gap-graded friction course mixture 被引量:2
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作者 吴旷怀 张肖宁 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2006年第1期101-105,共5页
The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course(DGGFC) with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stab... The design procedure of a dense gap-graded friction course(DGGFC) with coarse aggregate void filling method is presented. Testing results show that a DGGFC mixture possesses a dense stone-matrix structure, good stability and almost the same texture depth as stone matrix asphalt (SMA). It also has a coarse and even surface after paving and has no separation during construction. It is durable and impermeable. It balances and improves the inherent inconsistency of asphalt mixture between the large texture depth for skid resistance and the impermeability for durability. The actual application in the Nanning-Liuzhou Expressway also shows that the performance of the DGGFC is as excellent as that of SMA, while the DGGFC mixture is cheaper than SMA. The DGGFC mixture is good for wearing course of pavement. Further research on DGGFC can be helpful for improving the surface skid resistance, prolonging the life-span period and reducing the construction costs of asphalt pavement. 展开更多
关键词 dense gap-graded friction course (DGGFC) coarse aggregate void filling method dense stonematrix structure pavement performance
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Analysis on the Cause of Dense Fog in Jining on November 10,2005 被引量:2
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作者 郭红艳 李永果 马丽 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第5期32-33,47,共3页
Through analyzing the situation of atmospheric circulation and the variation of meteorological element at the time of dense fog happened on November 10,2005 in Jining,the results indicated that there were abundant wat... Through analyzing the situation of atmospheric circulation and the variation of meteorological element at the time of dense fog happened on November 10,2005 in Jining,the results indicated that there were abundant water vapor,weaker pressure field and wind field,weaker cold air in high altitude,stable stratification in underlying bed and ground was located in the bottom of cold high pressure,all those conditions were beneficial to the generation of dense fog in Jining. 展开更多
关键词 dense fog CAUSE ANALYSIS Jining China
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Extracting and evaluating method of web dense cores 被引量:1
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作者 杨楠 高洁 +1 位作者 薛鸿鹄 刘秀德 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第3期276-280,共5页
This paper focuses on some key problems in web community discovery and link analysis.Based on the topic-oriented technology,the characteristics of a bipartite graph are studied.An Х bipartite core set is introduced t... This paper focuses on some key problems in web community discovery and link analysis.Based on the topic-oriented technology,the characteristics of a bipartite graph are studied.An Х bipartite core set is introduced to more clearly define extracting ways.By scanning the topic subgraph to construct Х bipartite graph and then prune the graph with i and j ,an Х bipartite core set,which is also the minimum element of a community,can be found.Finally,a hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to many Х bipartite core sets and the dendrogram of the community inner construction is obtained.The correctness of the constructing and pruning method is proved and the algorithm is designed.The typical datasets in the experiment are prepared according to the way in HITS(hyperlink-induced topic search).Ten topics and four search engines are chosen and the returned results are integrated.The modularity,which is a measure of the strength of the community structure in the social network,is used to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient. 展开更多
关键词 dense cores link analysis hierarchical clustering modularity measure
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Detection optimization for resonance region radar with dense multi-carrier waveform
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作者 陈鹏 吴乐南 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2015年第3期304-310,共7页
Unlike the existing resonance region radar systems (RRRS ) that transmit the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)multi-carrier waveform,the dense multi-carrier (DMC)radar waveform which has a narrow... Unlike the existing resonance region radar systems (RRRS ) that transmit the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)multi-carrier waveform,the dense multi-carrier (DMC)radar waveform which has a narrower frequency interval than the traditional OFDM waveform is proposed.Therefore,in the same frequency bandwidth,the DMC waveform contains more sub-carriers and provides more frequency diversity.Additionally,to further improve detection performance,a novel optimal weight accumulation target detection (OWATD)method is proposed,where the echo electromagnetic waves at different frequencies are accumulated with the optimal weight coefficients.Then,with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)of echo waveform approaching infinity,the asymptotic detection performance is analyzed, and the condition that the OWATD method with the DMC outperforms the matched filter with the OFDM is presented.Simulation results show that the DMC outperforms the OFDM in the target detection performance,and the OWATD method can further improve the detection performance of the traditional methods with both the OFDM and DMC radar waveform. 展开更多
关键词 constant false alarm rate (CFAR) dense multi-carrier waveform detection optimization resonance regionradar system
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An Efficient Quantum Key Distribution Protocol with Dense Coding on Single Photons
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作者 Hao Xiao Jun Zhang +2 位作者 Wenhua Huang Mi Zhou Wencheng Hu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2019年第8期759-775,共17页
Combined with the dense coding mechanism and the bias-BB84 protocol,an efficient quantum key distribution protocol with dense coding on single photons(QDKD-SP)is proposed.Compared with the BB84 or bias-BB84 protocols ... Combined with the dense coding mechanism and the bias-BB84 protocol,an efficient quantum key distribution protocol with dense coding on single photons(QDKD-SP)is proposed.Compared with the BB84 or bias-BB84 protocols based on single photons,our QDKD-SP protocol has a higher capacity without increasing the difficulty of its experiment implementation as each correlated photon can carry two bits of useful information.Compared with the quantum dense key distribution(QDKD)protocol based on entangled states,our protocol is more feasible as the preparation and the measurement of a single-photon quantum state is not difficult with current technology.In addition,our QDKD-SP protocol is theoretically proved to be secure against the intercept-resend attack. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum key distribution bias-BB84 dense coding mechanism quantum dense key distribution single photons
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Application Research of Dense Sintered Alumina in Iron Runner Castables
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作者 CHEN Yaosheng ZHAO Yi +1 位作者 SONG Yanan WU Bin 《China's Refractories》 CAS 2018年第2期29-36,共8页
Three different kinds of corundum aggregates-tabular sintered alumina, dense sintered alumina, and fused dense corundum-were introduced into the silica fume .free or silica fume containing Al2O3 -SiC - C iron runner c... Three different kinds of corundum aggregates-tabular sintered alumina, dense sintered alumina, and fused dense corundum-were introduced into the silica fume .free or silica fume containing Al2O3 -SiC - C iron runner castables to investigate their influences on the flow ability, linear change on heating, bulk density, apparent porosity, cold strength, hot modulus of rupture, therm, al shock resistance, slag resistance, oxidation resistance as well as wear resistance of Al2O3 - SiC - C iron runner castables. The results show that ( 1 ) compared with the specimens with fused dense corundum, the specimens with dense sintered alumina have equivalent installation property, slag resistance and oxidation resistance, equivalent or even higher cold modulus of rupture, cold crushing strength and hot modulus of rupture, exhibiting better thermal shock resistance and cold wear resistance ; (2) adopting bimodal alumina micropowder LISAL22RABL as well as water reducers ZX2 and ZD2 can well reduce the water requirement of silica fume free castables, solving the problem of deteriorated flow ability resulted from the lack of silica fume; since the lack of silica fume avoids the formation of low melting point liquid, the hot modulus of rupture and the thermal shock resistance of the silica fume free castables are both better than those of the silica fume containing castables ; (3) the density of the castable specimens with dense sintered alumina is 4% -6% lower than that of the castable specimens with Jhsed dense corundum so the refractories consumption of one iron runner reduces by 5% by using the tastable with dense sintered alumina, which obviously reduces the cost of refractories. 展开更多
关键词 alumina silicon carbide - carhon castables for iron runner tabular sintered alumina dense sintered alumina fused dense corundum
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基于ResUNet和Dense CRF模型的地震裂缝识别方法 被引量:1
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作者 杜承泽 段友祥 孙歧峰 《应用科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第3期367-377,共11页
针对人工解释地震资料耗时长、效率低、受主观因素影响较大的不足,提出了一种基于ResUNet和全连接条件随机场(dense conditional random field, Dense CRF)模型的裂缝识别方法。该方法首先使用ResUNet模型提取地震振幅数据体中裂缝的不... 针对人工解释地震资料耗时长、效率低、受主观因素影响较大的不足,提出了一种基于ResUNet和全连接条件随机场(dense conditional random field, Dense CRF)模型的裂缝识别方法。该方法首先使用ResUNet模型提取地震振幅数据体中裂缝的不同分辨率的特征,实现地震裂缝识别;然后利用Dense CRF模型进一步优化识别结果,从而实现地震裂缝的精准识别。将该方法与传统UNet、ResUNet模型在合成地震振幅数据体和F3工区地震数据体进行了实验比较,结果表明运用所提方法识别的裂缝更准确、裂缝尺寸更细、连续性更好。 展开更多
关键词 三维地震数据集 裂缝识别 深度学习 ResUNet神经网络模型 dense CRF模型
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Automated stratigraphic correlation of well logs using Attention Based Dense Network
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作者 Yang Yang Jingyu Wang +4 位作者 Zhuo Li Naihao Liu Rongchang Liu Jinghuai Gao Tao Wei 《Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences》 2023年第1期128-136,共9页
The stratigraphic correlation of well logs plays an essential role in characterizing subsurface reservoirs.However,it suffers from a small amount of training data and expensive computing time.In this work,we propose t... The stratigraphic correlation of well logs plays an essential role in characterizing subsurface reservoirs.However,it suffers from a small amount of training data and expensive computing time.In this work,we propose the Attention Based Dense Network(ASDNet)for the stratigraphic correlation of well logs.To implement the suggested model,we first employ the attention mechanism to the input well logs,which can effectively generate the weighted well logs to serve for further feature extraction.Subsequently,the DenseNet is utilized to achieve good feature reuse and avoid gradient vanishing.After model training,we employ the ASDNet to the testing data set and evaluate its performance based on the well log data set from Northwest China.Finally,the numerical results demonstrate that the suggested ASDNet provides higher prediction accuracy for automated stratigraphic correlation of well logs than state-of-the-art contrastive UNet and SegNet. 展开更多
关键词 Automated stratigraphic correlation Attention Based dense Network densely connected convolutional network Squeeze and Excitation Block
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Rice DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 2 is essential for determining panicle outgrowth and elongation 被引量:56
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作者 Feng Li Wenbo Liu +7 位作者 Jiuyou Tang Jinfeng Chen Hongning Tong Bin Hu Chunlai Li Jun Fang Mingsheng Chen Chengcai Chu 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第7期838-849,共12页
The architecture of the panicle, including grain size and panicle morphology, directly determines grain yield. Panicle erectness, which is selected for achieving ideal plant arehitecture in the northern part of China,... The architecture of the panicle, including grain size and panicle morphology, directly determines grain yield. Panicle erectness, which is selected for achieving ideal plant arehitecture in the northern part of China, has drawn increasing attention of rice breeders. Here, dense and erect panicle 2 (dep2) mutant, which shows a dense and erect panicle phenotype, was identified. DEP2 encodes a plant-specific protein without any known functional domain. Expression profiling of DEP2 revealed that it is highly expressed in young tissues, with most abundance in young panicles. Morphological and expression analysis indicated that mutation in DEP2 mainly affects the rapid elongation of rachis and primary and secondary branches, but does not impair the initiation or formation of panicle primordia. Further analysis suggests that decrease of panicle length in dep2 is caused by a defect in cell proliferation during the exponential elongation of panicle. Despite a more compact plant type in the dep2 mutant, no significant alteration in grain production was found between wild type and dep2 mutant. Therefore, the study of DEP2 not only strengthens our understanding of the molecular genetic basis of panicle architecture but also has important implications for rice breeding. 展开更多
关键词 panicle architecture dense and erect panicle RICE
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Ultra Dense Network:Challenges,Enabling Technologies and New Trends 被引量:21
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作者 HAO Peng YAN Xiao +1 位作者 Yu-Ngok Ruyue YUAN Yifei 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第2期30-40,共11页
5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component i... 5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component in achieving this goal. In this paper, we outline the main challenges that come with dense cell deployment, including interference, mobility, power consumption and backhaul. Technologies designed to tackle these challenges in long term evolution system(LTE) and their deficiencies in UDN context are also analyzed. To combat these challenges more efficiently, a series of technologies are introduced along with some of our initial research results. Moreover, the trends of user-centric and peer-to-peer design in UDN are also elaborated. 展开更多
关键词 5G ultra dense network cellvirtualization virtual receiver self-backhaul user-centric access
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Determination of the local magnitudes of small earthquakes using a dense seismic array in the Changning-Zhaotong Shale Gas Field,Southern Sichuan Basin 被引量:11
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作者 Wen Yang GuoYi Chen +3 位作者 LingYuan Meng Yang Zang HaiJiang Zhang JunLun Li 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CSCD 2021年第6期532-546,共15页
With the development of unconventional shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin,seismicity in the region has increased significantly in recent years.Though the existing sparse regional seismic stations can capture most... With the development of unconventional shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin,seismicity in the region has increased significantly in recent years.Though the existing sparse regional seismic stations can capture most earthquakes with ML≥2.5,a great number of smaller earthquakes are often omitted due to limited detection capacity.With the advent of portable seismic nodes,many dense arrays for monitoring seismicity in the unconventional oil and gas fields have been deployed,and the magnitudes of those earthquakes are key to understand the local fault reactivation and seismic potentials.However,the current national standard for determining the local magnitudes was not specifically designed for monitoring stations in close proximity,utilizing a calibration function with a minimal resolution of 5 km in the epicentral distance.That is,the current national standard tends to overestimate the local magnitudes for stations within short epicentral distances,and can result in discrepancies for dense arrays.In this study,we propose a new local magnitude formula which corrects the overestimated magnitudes for shorter distances,yielding accurate event magnitudes for small earthquakes in the Changning-Zhaotong shale gas field in the southern Sichuan Basin,monitored by dense seismic arrays in close proximity.The formula is used to determine the local magnitudes of 7,500 events monitored by a two-phased dense array with several hundred 5 Hz 3 C nodes deployed from the end of February 2019 to early May 2019 in the Changning-Zhaotong shale gas field.The magnitude of completeness(MC)using the dense array is-0.1,compared to MC 1.1 by the sparser Chinese Seismic Network(CSN).In addition,using a machine learning detection and picking procedure,we successfully identify and process some 14,000 earthquakes from the continuous waveforms,a ten-fold increase over the catalog recorded by CSN for the same period,and the MC is further reduced to-0.3 from-0.1 compared to the catalog obtained via manual processing using the same dense array.The proposed local magnitude formula can be adopted for calculating accurate local magnitudes of future earthquakes using dense arrays in the shale gas fields of the Sichuan Basin.This will help to better characterize the local seismic risks and potentials. 展开更多
关键词 shale gas development local magnitude MICROEARTHQUAKES dense seismic array machine learning
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A long-term-based handover decision algorithm for dense macro-femto coexistence networks
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作者 刘诚毅 邢松 沈连丰 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2017年第2期127-133,共7页
For the dense macro-femto coexistence networks scenario, a long-term-based handover(LTBH) algorithm is proposed. The handover decision algorithm is jointly determined by the angle of handover(AHO) and the time-tos... For the dense macro-femto coexistence networks scenario, a long-term-based handover(LTBH) algorithm is proposed. The handover decision algorithm is jointly determined by the angle of handover(AHO) and the time-tostay(TTS) to reduce the unnecessary handover numbers.First, the proposed AHO parameter is used to decrease the computation complexity in multiple candidate base stations(CBSs) scenario. Then, two types of TTS parameters are given for the fixed base stations and mobile base stations to make handover decisions among multiple CBSs. The simulation results show that the proposed LTBH algorithm can not only maintain the required transmission rate of users, but also effectively reduce the unnecessary numbers of handover in the dense macro-femto networks with the coexisting mobile BSs. 展开更多
关键词 handover decision algorithm angle of handover time-to-stay dense macro-femto coexistence networks mobile base station
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Reducing environmental risk of nitrogen by popularizing mechanically dense transplanting for rice production in China 被引量:6
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作者 HUANG Min ZOU Ying-bin 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第9期2362-2366,共5页
The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss... The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss from rice production in China reached approximately 2.6×109 kg from 2011 to 2015,and we demonstrate that adoption of the mechanically dense transplanting technique by producers is an effective method to reduce N loss from rice cropping systems without suffering a yield penalty. 展开更多
关键词 dense planting environmental risk mechanical transplanting nitrogen loss RICE
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