Floc flotation of marmatite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by butyl xanthate and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate

The hydrophobic flocculation of marmatite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by butyl xanthate （KBX） and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate （ADD） was investigated using laser particle size analysis, microscopy analysis, electrophoretic light scattering, contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopy. The studies were performed on single minerals with size 〈20 μm by varying several parameters, including pH, collector concentration and kerosene addition. The results show that the floc fotation closely correlated with the size of flocs and the particle hydrophobicity, but was not lowered with increasing the particle surface charges due to collector adsorption. Under good operating conditions, the floc flotation of marmatite fines as a function of KBX and ADD can all reach floatability over 90%, in comparison with conventional flotation obtaining floatability of about 60%. It also has been found that a small addition of kerosene greatly improved the floc flotation because of the formation of oil films on marmatite particles. The results of FTIR spectra indicate that adsorption of the two collectors onto marmatite were chemical adsorption.

Brief maternal exposure of rats to the xenobiotics dibutyl phthalate or diethylstilbestrol alters adult-type Leydig cell development in male offspring

Maternal exposure to estrogenic xenobiotics or phthalates has been implicated in the distortion of early male reproductive development, referred to in humans as the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. It is not known, however, whether such early gestational and/or lactational exposure can influence the later adult-type Leydig cell phenotype. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to dibutyl phthalate （DBP; from gestational day （GD） 14.5 to postnatal day （PND） 6） or diethylstilbestrol （DES; from GD14o5 to GD16.5） during a short gestationalllactational window, and male offspring subsequently analysed for various postnatal testicular parameters. All offspring remained in good health throughout the study. Maternal xenobiotic treatment appeared to modify specific Leydig cell gene expression in male offspring, particularly during the dynamic phase of mid-puberty, with serum INSL3 concentrations showing that these compounds led to a faster attainment of peak values, and a modest acceleration of the pubertal trajectory. Part of this effect appeared to be due to a treatment-specific impact on Leydig cell proliferation during puberty for both xenobiotics. Taken together, these results support the notion that maternal exposure to certain xenobiotics can also influence the development of the adult-type Leydig cell population, possibly through an effect on the Leydig stem cell population.

Combined Subchronic Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Dibutyl Phthalate on Male Rats

Objective To evaluate the combined subchronic toxicity of bisphenol A（BPA） and dibutyl phthalate（DBP） in male Sprague Dawley（SD） rats.Methods Forty 4‐week‐old male rats weighing 115‐125 g were randomly divided into BPA‐treated,DBP‐treated group,BPA＋DBP‐treated and control groups and fed with a soy‐ and alfalfa‐free diet containing 285.4 ppm BPA,285.4 ppm DBP,285.4 ppm BPA plus 285.4 ppm DBP,and a control diet,respectively,for 90 consecutive days.At the end of the study,the animals were sacrificed by exsanguination via the carotid artery under diethyl etherane aesthesia and weighed.Organs,including liver,kidneys,spleen,thymus,heart,brain,and testis underwent pathological examination.The androgen receptor（AR）,gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor（GNRHR）,and progesterone hormone receptor（PR） genes from the hypothalamus were detected by real‐time PCR.The biomedical parameters were analyzed.Results No significant difference was found in food intake,body weight,tissue weight,organ/brain weight ratio,and biomedical parameters among the four groups（P〉0.05）.However,BPA and DBP up‐regulated AR,PR and GNRHR expression levels in rats and showed a synergistic or an additive effect in the BPA＋DBP group.Conclusion The combined subchronic toxicity of BPA and DBP is synergistic or additive in male SD rats.

Uncertainty Evaluation for the Determination of Dibutyl Phthalate(DBP) Concentration in Liqueur by GC-MS

The dibutyl phthalate （DBP） concentration in liqueur was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and the uncertainty during the mea-surement was evaluated in this study. The results showed that the combined stan-dard uncertainty was determined as 0.028 and the expanded uncertainty was 0.056 at confidence probability p=95%, coverage factor k=2, by fol owing the methods de-scribed in GB/T 21911-2008 ＂Determination of Phthalate Esters in Foods＂. The av-erage DBP concentration in the liqueur of eight repeated measurements was（0.985＆#177; 0.056） mg/kg finaly.

Floc flotation of jamesonite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate

The hydrophobic flocculation of jamesonite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate was investigated using laser particle size analysis, microscope analysis, electrophoretic light scattering and infrared spectroscopy.Single minerals of 4.607 μm for the 50% volumetric diameters were researched by varying several parameters, including p H,ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate concentration, stirring strength and kerosene addition. It is found that the maximal floatability of jamesonite fines is induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate at p H 6, and the floc flotation increases with increasing ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate concentration despite a simultaneous increase in the negative ζ potential of jamesonite, meaning that hydrophobic interaction between the particles increases much more strongly than electric double layer repulsion from the adsorption of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate. It is also found that the floc flotation is closely correlated with the size of flocs,which is strongly influenced by the stirring strength and enhanced by the addition of a small amount of kerosene. The results of FTIR spectra indicate that adsorption of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate onto jamesonite is chemical adsorption and the adsorption product is lead dibutyl dithiophosphate.

A FACILE METHOL FOR THE DEBROMINATION OF BROMOCARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH DIBUTYL TELLURIDE

(?)-bromocarbonyl compounds can be debrominated with dibutyl telluride in the presence of triethylamine in high yields.

后处理Purex流程有机相料液HDBP总含量分析

磷酸二丁酯(HDBP)是核燃料后处理Purex流程所采用的萃取剂磷酸三丁酯(TBP)的降解产物,有机相料液中HDBP的含量对流程运行及技术指标均有显著影响。本文针对HDBP在有机相料液中可能以络合态甚至以金属离子桥连的聚合态存在的问题,按照先进行化学处理,将其统一为HDBP分子形态再进行定量分析的思路,建立了一种快速、简便的Purex流程有机相料液中HDBP总含量的分析方法。模拟及久置有机相料液的金属离子洗脱及HDBP含量测定的实验结果表明,通过磷酸配位及Fe^(2+)还原的共同作用,H_(3)PO_(4)-FeSO_(4)溶液可将有机相料液中保留的钚和铀定量转移到水相,从而将其中的HDBP统一为HDBP分子并保留在有机相。所建立的Purex流程有机相料液中HDBP总含量分析流程中,化学处理过程HDBP的化学回收率为96.62%。理论上该流程适用于所有工艺段有机相料液。采用新鲜铀、钚含量高的料液以及久置的废有机相料液对该分析流程进行验证,验证结果表明,H_(3)PO_(4)-FeSO_(4)溶液对料液中铀钚的洗脱率均能达到99%以上,久置料液HDBP浓度分析的加标回收率在95%以上。

Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions

In recent years,the presence and adverse impacts of phthalic acid esters m aquatic environments have gained increasing attention.This work investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical phthalic acid ester,dibutyl phthalate(DBP),onto steel slag,gravel,and shell sand(substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands).The influence of dissolved organic matter(DOM)on DBP adsorption was investigated using humic acid as a proxy for DOM.The results demonstrated that the adsorption of DBP to three substrates reached equilibrium within 96 h,and the adsorption kinetics were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model.The DBP adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model.The DBP adsorption capacity decreased in the order of steel slag>gravel>sheII sand,with values of 656 mg/kg,598 mg/kg,and 6.62 mg/kg at 25°C,respectively.DBP adsorbed to the surface of all substrates in a monolayer via an endothermic process.The DBP adsorption capacities of steel slag and gravel decreased as the DOM content increased.The DBP adsorption mechanisms to steel slag and gravel mainly involved the surface coordination of DBP with-OH or-COOH groups and electrostatic interactions.The results of this work suggest that steel slag and gravel may be ideal substrates for use in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater polluted with DBP.

花椒油中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的污染现状及来源分析

旨在为花椒油加工企业的风险控制以及花椒油的安全监督管理提供参考,分析花椒油中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的污染现状及污染来源,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定92份花椒油样品中的邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)含量,并对其污染来源进行分析。结果表明:目前市场上的花椒油产品存在不同程度的塑化剂污染,其中DBP检出率为74.00%,含量范围为0.07~10.59 mg/kg, DEHP检出率为93.48%,含量范围为0.07~1.86 mg/kg, DBP和DEHP超标率分别为17.39%和1.09%;花椒油中DBP和DEHP的检出率和平均含量随麻度增加有上升趋势;花椒原料及生产接触材料是花椒油中塑化剂主要污染来源。综上,市场上的花椒油存在塑化剂污染风险,应加强对原料的监控,并在花椒油生产和储藏过程中全程控制塑化剂风险。

Whole genome sequencing exploitation analysis of dibutyl phthalate by strain Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila BDBP 071

Dibutyl phthalate(DBP)is widely used as a plasticizer in plastic food packaging and has attracted extensive attention due to its residual hazards and ability to accumulate.Microbial degradation is a very effective way to remove DBP from a polluted environment.In this study,Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila BDBP 071,a strain that efficiently degraded DBP was isolated from tomato rhizosphere soil.To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanism of DBP by S.acidaminiphila strain BDBP 071,whole genome sequencing of this strain was performed.The results showed that the genome size of BDBP 071 was 3.87 Mb,the G+C content was 69.43%,and the number of predicted coding sequences was 3484.Based on whole genome sequencing,the metabolic pathway related to DBP biotransformation was obtained,and key genes were subsequently verified by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to infer the degradation pathway of DBP.It was preliminarily predicted that the relative expression of monoester hydrolase of EstB3 is increased in this strain.This study provides a scientific basis for applying S.acidaminiphila BDBP 071 in environmental pollution bioremediation,as well as a rich resource for DBP biodegradation genes.

酸浸—萃取法回收废旧CPU中的金试验研究

研究了先采用王水浸出电子固体废弃物CPU,得到金质量浓度为256.1 mg/L的浸出液,再采用溶剂萃取法回收酸浸液中的金。考察了萃取剂种类、浓度、萃取时间、萃取相比、萃取温度对金萃取效果的影响。结果表明:以浓度80%的二丁基卡必醇为萃取剂,在相比V_(O)∶V_(A)=1∶4、常温条件下振荡反应10 min,金萃取率可达99.86%,再用草酸进行反萃取即可获得海绵金产品,回收效果较好。该法在CPU等含金电子固废的综合回收方面具有一定推广价值。

CNT-Fe/Zn催化剂的制备及其催化臭氧氧化降解DBP

本研究采用浸渍-煅烧法制备了负载锌(CNT-Zn)、铁(CNT-Fe)和锌铁共掺杂(CNT-Fe/Zn)的碳纳米管催化剂,考察了不同pH值下3种催化剂催化臭氧氧化水中DBP的效果.结果表明,CNT-Fe/Zn具有最佳催化性能,在宽pH值范围内比单独臭氧降解DBP的去除率提升22%~52%.在DBP初始浓度4mg/L、初始pH值为4、臭氧用量20mg/L、催化剂投加量50mg/L的条件下,30min内DBP去除率可达72.41%.利用SEM、XRD和XPS等多种手段对该催化剂进行了表征,CNT-Fe/Zn表面的含氧基团是主要活性位点,CNT-Fe/Zn的加入促进了羟基自由基的产生,在酸性条件下生成的过氧化氢进一步提高了DBP的去除率.催化剂循环实验表明,CNT-Fe/Zn催化剂具有优异的催化稳定性和重复利用性.

碳酸肼对乏燃料后处理模拟污溶剂中磷酸二丁酯和Zr(Ⅳ)的洗涤行为研究

碳酸肼作为碱性无盐试剂对钚铀氧化还原萃取(PUREX)流程的污溶剂的洗涤有广泛的应用前景。本文使用碳酸肼溶液对30%磷酸三丁酯-正十二烷有机溶液中的磷酸二丁酯和Zr(IV)进行洗涤,利用单一变量原则,考察了振荡时间、温度、水相与有机相体积比、碳酸肼质量分数以及磷酸二丁酯质量浓度等因素对去除有机溶液中磷酸二丁酯和Zr(IV)的影响。结果表明:在25℃下振荡洗涤15 min,5%碳酸肼洗涤3次同体积的有机溶液后对0.1 g/L和0.5 g/L的磷酸二丁酯的去除率分别约为98.7%和88.1%。此外,磷酸二丁酯的存在可以促进有机相对Zr(IV)的萃取和保留,当磷酸二丁酯的质量浓度为0时,碳酸肼对Zr(IV)的去除率为98.5%。

芦竹固相反硝化反应器脱氮效能及去除尾水邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalate esters,PAEs)类污染物不可避免地共存于污水厂尾水,其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)是尾水中毒性和浓度较高的一类PAEs。目前固相反硝化技术被广泛应用于污水厂尾水深度脱氮,本研究构建了以芦竹为植物碳源的固相反硝化反应器,探究了反应器的尾水脱氮和DBP去除效能。结果表明:①芦竹固相反硝化反应器能有效去除60μg/L DBP。实验组出水浓度为(3.50±0.38)μg/L,去除率为93.67%±0.72%。DBP出水浓度随着反硝化反应器高度的增加而降低,并在330 mm处基本实现对60μg/L DBP的完全去除。②DBP的存在不影响芦竹固相反硝化反应器对NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN的去除效果,实验组NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN出水浓度分别为(2.31±0.29)和(3.51±0.40)mg/L,去除率分别为84.49%±1.99%和79.35%±2.43%。③添加和无添加DBP反应器中,以有机物和氮代谢为主的Proteobacteria、Bacteroidota、Chloroflexi和Firmicutes仍为优势菌门,反硝化菌属(如Rhodocyclaceae、Sphaerotilus、Candidatus_Competibacter及Thauera)为优势菌属,其中编码硝酸盐还原酶的napA基因丰度最高。研究显示,芦竹固相反硝化反应器基本能够完全去除60μg/L DBP,并同时具有良好的反硝化脱氮效能。

食用油中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯高灵敏检测技术建立与应用

食用油在生产、加工、储存各环节中,易受邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-butyl phthalate,DBP)污染。本文以单克隆抗体为识别元件,建立并优化了食用油DBP的高灵敏酶联免疫吸附检测方法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)。结果显示,在抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL,4%脱脂乳粉作为封闭剂,磷酸缓冲液pH 7.4,离子浓度为20mmol/L,甲醇浓度为40%条件下,该ELISA方法的灵敏度(IC_(50))为16.29 ng/mL,检测范围为0.33~94.45 ng/mL(IC_(90)~IC_(10)),LOD(IC_(90))为0.33 ng/mL。通过食用油加标试验建立基质标准曲线,灵敏度(IC_(50))为92.57 ng/mL,检测范围为2.44~606.12 ng/mL(IC_(90)~IC_(10)),LOD(IC_(90))为2.44 ng/mL。在食用油样品中分别添加浓度为40 ng/mL、120 ng/mL、200 ng/mL的DBP标准品,回收率为71.34%~97.23%,变异系数为1.05%~6.38%,采用建立的DBP-ELISA检测方法分别对大豆油、玉米油等实际样品进行检测,结果与国标检测方法相关性达到99.17%,表明建立的ELISA方法可用于食用油实际样品中DBP含量的测定。

磁化时间对丁铵黑药强化方铅矿可浮性的影响机理

为阐明磁化时间对交变磁场磁化预处理捕收剂丁铵黑药改善方铅矿浮选效果的影响机制,采用表面张力、红外光谱以及接触角等手段,分别对不同磁化时间下磁化丁铵黑药作用后的方铅矿样品进行表征。结果表明,交变磁场磁化丁铵黑药可显著改善方铅矿的可浮性,与未磁化丁铵黑药相比,当磁化时间为10 min,电流频率为1.5 MHz,线圈匝数为100 N时,可使方铅矿回收率提高13.04个百分点。上述磁化预处理条件可使丁铵黑药溶液的表面张力降低10.95 mN/m,丁铵黑药中N—H键的相对比例增大2.36%,从而增强了丁铵黑药的起泡能力。此外磁化丁铵黑药作用的方铅矿样品的接触角增大了13.89°,表明磁化预处理可强化丁铵黑药与方铅矿的作用程度,并改善方铅矿的浮选效果。

人参皂苷Rg1对小鼠生精改善作用的研究

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)诱导的生精损伤小鼠的保护作用,为天然生精药物开发提供理论依据。方法将30只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为三组,对照组、DBP组(400 mg/kg)、Rg1+DBP组(Rg120 mg/kg,DBP 400 mg/kg),连续给药35 d后,处死小鼠,收集血清、睾丸、附睾,对精子密度、活力及畸形率进行检测和计算,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清睾酮(testosterone,T)、促卵泡激素(follicle-stimulating Hormone,FSH)和促黄体生成激素(luteinizing hormone,LH)的水平,测定小鼠睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)含量水平。结果与对照组相比,DBP组小鼠精子活力及密度明显降低(P<0.01),精子畸形率没有明显改变;血清中T、LH显著降低,FSH明显升高(P<0.01);睾丸组织GSH-Px、SOD水平明显下降,MDA含量升高(P<0.01)。与DBP组相比,DBP+Rg1组精子活力及密度明显增加(P<0.01),精子畸形率没有明显改变;血清中T、LH显著升高,FSH明显降低(P<0.01);睾丸组织GSHPx、SOD水平明显升高,MDA含量明显下降(P<0.01)。结论人参皂苷Rg1具有改善DBP诱导的生殖功能损伤的作用,机制可能与人参皂苷Rg1抗氧化损伤抗作用有关。

纳米塑料-重金属-塑化剂联合暴露对儿童肠道微生物菌群及代谢的影响

[目的]探究纳米塑料(NPs)、镉(Cd)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染对儿童肠道菌群多样性、氨基酸代谢及短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响.[方法]利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术和高效液相色谱-质谱法LC-MS/MS分析NPs、Cd、DBP单一污染及纳米塑料聚丙烯(PP)、Cd、DBP复合污染对儿童肠道细菌群落及肠道微生物代谢产物中短链脂肪酸及氨基酸含量的变化.[结果]高通量检测结果显示,与对照相比,在门属水平上,单一污染的优势菌门属无明显变化,PP+Cd、PP+DBP+Cd复合污染优势菌门属水平丰富度与多样性显著下降;LC-MS/MS检测结果显示,在肠道微生物代谢产物中,经NPs与DBP暴露后,氨基酸含量呈现不同程度的下降,而Cd、PP+Cd、PP+Cd+DBP处理后,大多数氨基酸的含量显著增加;同时检测到丁酸、戊酸的含量也发生变化.[结论]与单一污染物处理相比NPs相关复合污染物暴露处理后其肠道微生物紊乱程度更强,且不同污染物处理均会影响肠道微生物的氨基酸代谢和SCFAs产量.肠道菌群与人体健康密切相关,探究肠道菌群及代谢功能在NPs、Cd、DBP影响下的变化,从肠道菌群层面评价NPs、Cd、DBP单一暴露和复合暴露污染下的危害和风险具有重要意义.

长链非编码RNA参与尿道下裂雄鼠雄激素的调控

目的:探讨雄性大鼠生殖结节中长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)诱导雄性大鼠尿道下裂形成中对雄激素调控的影响。方法:在孕鼠孕13~18 d时按体重800 mg/kg DBP溶于1 ml玉米油灌胃,对照组给予玉米油1 ml/d。于孕19 d时取出胎鼠,分别取下两组雄性胎鼠的生殖结节,进行全转录组基因测序。对测序结果中LncRNA进行筛选、差异分析和功能预测,再筛选8条LncRNA用qRT-PCR验证其表达量。结果:与对照组比较,尿道下裂组生殖结节中有598个差异mRNA,427个差异LncRNA,8条LncRNA差异趋势与测序结果一致,不存在差异趋势与测序结果的差异趋势相反的LncRNA。RT-PCR结果与测序结果一致。共筛选出与雄激素相关的差异表达LncRNAs 130个,与雄激素生物合成途径相关11个,与雄激素受体信号通路的负调控相关25个,与雄激素结合相关10个,与雄激素受体信号通路激活前列腺诱导相关29个,与雄激素代谢过程相关23个,与雄激素受体结合相关16个,与雄激素受体信号通路的正调控相关3个。结论:DBP诱导的尿道下裂雄性大鼠与正常雄性大鼠比较,其生殖结节中LncRNA可通过调控雄激素的合成、代谢、结合,雄激素受体的结合,雄激素受体信号通路这几个方面参与尿道下裂的形成。

金属矿物对丁铵黑药在饱和多孔介质中迁移特性的影响

以丁铵黑药(ADD)为研究对象,基于饱和土柱迁移实验和数学模型,探究石英砂表面金属负载种类和负载量对ADD迁移规律的影响.结果表明,在石英砂表面负载针铁矿(w(Fe)为0.028%和0.042%),不会影响ADD的迁移.在介质上继续负载氧化铜,ADD与矿物表面的Cu2+反应生成Cu-ADD络合物,抑制了ADD的迁移.并且随着w(Cu)从0.0018%增加到0.0055%,ADD的回收率从44.32%下降至8.85%.在w(Cu)为0.0018%时,随着ADD质量浓度从20 mg/L增加到60 mg/L,其回收率提高至63.64%.