Orders for more than 200 computers were received in just two months after a purchasing agreement was signed in the first half of last year between the American-owned Digital Company and the Power Science Academy of th...Orders for more than 200 computers were received in just two months after a purchasing agreement was signed in the first half of last year between the American-owned Digital Company and the Power Science Academy of the Ministry of Power Industry. The Alpha AXP system computers, recently展开更多
With the rapid advancement of visual generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)and stable Diffusion,the creation of highly realistic Deepfake through automated forgery has significantly progressed...With the rapid advancement of visual generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)and stable Diffusion,the creation of highly realistic Deepfake through automated forgery has significantly progressed.This paper examines the advancements inDeepfake detection and defense technologies,emphasizing the shift from passive detection methods to proactive digital watermarking techniques.Passive detection methods,which involve extracting features from images or videos to identify forgeries,encounter challenges such as poor performance against unknown manipulation techniques and susceptibility to counter-forensic tactics.In contrast,proactive digital watermarking techniques embed specificmarkers into images or videos,facilitating real-time detection and traceability,thereby providing a preemptive defense againstDeepfake content.We offer a comprehensive analysis of digitalwatermarking-based forensic techniques,discussing their advantages over passivemethods and highlighting four key benefits:real-time detection,embedded defense,resistance to tampering,and provision of legal evidence.Additionally,the paper identifies gaps in the literature concerning proactive forensic techniques and suggests future research directions,including cross-domain watermarking and adaptive watermarking strategies.By systematically classifying and comparing existing techniques,this review aims to contribute valuable insights for the development of more effective proactive defense strategies in Deepfake forensics.展开更多
A digital data-acquisition system based on XIA LLC products was used in a complex nuclear reaction experiment using radioactive ion beams.A flexible trigger system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)paramet...A digital data-acquisition system based on XIA LLC products was used in a complex nuclear reaction experiment using radioactive ion beams.A flexible trigger system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)parametrization was developed to adapt to different experimental sizes.A user-friendly interface was implemented,which allows converting script language expressions into FPGA internal control parameters.The proposed digital system can be combined with a conventional analog data acquisition system to provide more flexibility.The performance of the combined system was veri-fied using experimental data.展开更多
Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging.Consequently,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the r...Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging.Consequently,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions.In this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs.Thus,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.Methods:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults.The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant.Two reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults.Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence(≤85%)and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.Conclusion:The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall,though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions(e.g.,online classes and step-based exergames)can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults.However,due to the limited number of available studies,future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.展开更多
Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into t...Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.展开更多
The deterioration of unstable rock mass raised interest in evaluating rock mass quality.However,the traditional evaluation method for the geological strength index(GSI)primarily emphasizes the rock structure and chara...The deterioration of unstable rock mass raised interest in evaluating rock mass quality.However,the traditional evaluation method for the geological strength index(GSI)primarily emphasizes the rock structure and characteristics of discontinuities.It ignores the influence of mineral composition and shows a deficiency in assessing the integrity coefficient.In this context,hyperspectral imaging and digital panoramic borehole camera technologies are applied to analyze the mineral content and integrity of rock mass.Based on the carbonate mineral content and fissure area ratio,the strength reduction factor and integrity coefficient are calculated to improve the GSI evaluation method.According to the results of mineral classification and fissure identification,the strength reduction factor and integrity coefficient increase with the depth of rock mass.The rock mass GSI calculated by the improved method is mainly concentrated between 40 and 60,which is close to the calculation results of the traditional method.The GSI error rates obtained by the two methods are mostly less than 10%,indicating the rationality of the hyperspectral-digital borehole image coupled evaluation method.Moreover,the sensitivity of the fissure area ratio(Sr)to GSI is greater than that of the strength reduction factor(a),which means the proposed GSI is suitable for rocks with significant fissure development.The improved method reduces the influence of subjective factors and provides a reliable index for the deterioration evaluation of rock mass.展开更多
The rock mass consists of rock blocks and structural planes,which can reduce its integrity and strength.Therefore,accurately obtaining the characteristics of the rock mass structural plane is a prerequisite for evalua...The rock mass consists of rock blocks and structural planes,which can reduce its integrity and strength.Therefore,accurately obtaining the characteristics of the rock mass structural plane is a prerequisite for evaluating stability and designing supports in underground engineering.Currently,there are no effective testing methods for the characteristic parameters of the rock mass structural plane in underground engineering.The paper presents the digital drilling technology as a new testing method of rock mass structural planes.Flawed rock specimens with cracks of varying widths and angles were used to simulate the rock mass structural planes,and the multifunctional rock mass digital drilling test system was employed to carry out the digital drilling tests.The analysis focuses on the variation laws of drilling parameters,such as drilling pressure and drilling torque,affected by the characteristics of prefabricated cracks,and clarifies the degradation mechanism of rock equivalent compressive strength.Additionally,an identification model for the characteristic parameters of rock mass structural planes during drilling is established.The test results indicate that the average difference of the characteristics of prefabricated cracks identified by the equivalent compressive strength is 2.45°and 0.82 mm,respectively.The identification model while drilling is verified to be correct due to the high identification accuracy.Based on this,a method for testing the characteristic parameters of the surrounding rock structural plane while drilling is proposed.The research offers a theoretical and methodological foundation for precise in situ identification of structural planes of the surrounding rock in underground engineering.展开更多
Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph (DR) chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anteri...Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph (DR) chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anterior DR chest images were collected from out-patient screening patients. Consensus was reached by two experienced radiologists on the marking, rating, and segmentation of small actionable nodules ranged from 5 to 15 mm in diameter using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Both their own nodule findings and the computer's automatic nodule detection results were analyzed to make the consensus. Nodules identified together with corresponding likelihood rating and segmentation results were referred as "Gold Stand- ard". Two un-experienced radiologists were asked to first mark and characterize suspicious nodules independently, then were allowed to consult the computer nodule detection results and change their decisions. Results Large inter-observer variations in pulmonary nodule identification and characterization on DR chest images were observed between un-experienced radiologists. Un-expefienced radiologists could greatly benefit from the CAD system, including substantial decrease of inter-observer variation and improvement of nodule detection rates. Moreover, radiologists with different levels of skillfulness could achieve similar high level performance after using the CAD system. Conclusion The CAD system shows a high potential for providing a valuable assistance to the examination of DR chest images.展开更多
Objective To assess inter-observer variations of pulmonary nodule marking in routine clinical chest digital radiograph (DR) softcopy reading by using a lung nodule computer toolkit.Methods A total of 601 chest posteri...Objective To assess inter-observer variations of pulmonary nodule marking in routine clinical chest digital radiograph (DR) softcopy reading by using a lung nodule computer toolkit.Methods A total of 601 chest posterior-anterior DR images were randomly selected from routine outpatient screening in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Two chest radiologists with experience more than ten years were first asked to read the images and mark all suspicious nodules independently by using computer toolkit IQQA-Chest, and to indicate the likelihood for each nodule detected. They were also asked to draw the boundary of the identified nodule manually on an enlarged region of interest, which was instantly analyzed by IQQA-Chest. Two sets of diagnostic reports, including the marked nodules, likelihood, manually drawn boundaries, quantitative measurements, and radiologists’ names, were automatically generated and stored by the computer system. One week later, the two radiologists read the same images together by using the same computer toolkit without referring to their previous reading results. Marking procedure was the same except that consensus was reached for each suspicious region. Statistical analysis tools provided in the IQQA-Chest were used to compare all the three sets of reading results.Results In the independent readings, Reader 1 detected 409 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.4 mm in 241 patients, and Reader 2 detected 401 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.6 mm in 253 patients. In the consensus reading, a total of 352 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.4 mm were detected in 220 patients. Totally, 42.3% of Reader 1’s and 45.1% of Reader 2’s marks were confirmed by the consensus reading. About 40% of each reader’s marks agreed with the other. There were only 130 (14.4%) out of the total 904 unique nodules were confirmed by both readers and the consensus reading. Moreover, 5.6% (51/904) of the marked regions were rated identical likelihood in all three readings. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between Readers 1 and 2, and between consensus and Reader 2 in determining the likelihood of the marks (P<0.01), but not between consensus and Reader 1. No significant difference in terms of size was observed in nodule segmentation between either two of the three readings. Conclusion Large variations in nodule marking and nodule-likelihood determination but not in nodule size were observed between experts as well as between single-person reading and consensus reading.展开更多
Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicato...Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.展开更多
Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the probl...Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the problems in the digitalization level of rural infrastructure,farmers digitalization awareness and accomplishment,and agricultural digital system.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects:digital village construction policy system,rural digital infrastructure construction,rural digital talent cultivation system,and agricultural digital system,and the rural digital construction of Huzhou City is taken as an example,in order to further realize the goal of empowering rural farmers with digital technology for common prosperity.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Worldwide, prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most common tumour type among men. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the present investigation was to develop a computer p...<strong>Background:</strong> Worldwide, prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most common tumour type among men. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the present investigation was to develop a computer program to identify normal prostate biopsies and distinguish them from biopsies showing premalignant alterations (LGPIN, HGPIN) and adenocarcinoma. <strong>Method:</strong> Prostate biopsies (n = 2094) taken from 191 consecutive men during 2016 were stained with triple immunehistochemisty (antibodies to AMACRA, p63 and CK 5). Digital images of the biopsies were obtained with a scanning microscope and used to develop an automatic computer program (CelldaTM), intended to identify the morphological alterations. Visual microscopic finding was used as a reference. <strong>Result:</strong> Of the 191 men, 121 (63.4%) were diagnosed as having prostate adenocarcinoma and 70 (36.6%) as having no malignancy on the basis of the visual microscopy. In comparison, computer analysis identified 134 (70.2%) men with malignant disease and 57 (29.8%) with non-malignant disease after exclusion of artifacts, which constituted 10.4% of areas (indicated as malignant disease). Discrepant results were recorded in 15 (7.9%) men, and in 14 of these cases, HGPIN and areas suggestive of early invasion were common. Thus, it was uncertain whether these cases should be regarded as malignant or not. The agreement between the visual examination and the computer analysis was 92.1% (kappa value 0.823, sensitivity 99.2 and specificity was 0.80). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that computer analysis could serve as an adjunct to simplify and shorten the diagnostic procedure, first of all by ensuring that normal prostate biopsies are sorted out from those sent for visual microscopic evaluation.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on modem music composition development direction under the digital and computer background. We can hear the music work, at ordinary times is the musician and sound engineer through t...In this paper, we conduct research on modem music composition development direction under the digital and computer background. We can hear the music work, at ordinary times is the musician and sound engineer through three different stages of product created by mutual cooperation. The development of computer music has impact to the music every aspect of life, including various music creation process, cause the changes of some design principles. This change may be denied the traditional, also may be denied the traditional that is on the development of traditional principles. We integrate the concepts and principles of the digital perspective to propose our methodology on issues of computer music develooment that holds vital siznificance and meaning.展开更多
The report examines the evolution of computers from digital analogs through non-yon Neumann machines to quantum computers, which are also digital analogs. In the 60 years of digital analogs successfully developed at t...The report examines the evolution of computers from digital analogs through non-yon Neumann machines to quantum computers, which are also digital analogs. In the 60 years of digital analogs successfully developed at the Institute of Electromechanics of the USSR in Leningrad. An important stage in the development of non-classical multiprocessor machine performance and reliability has been the development of recursive machines, which was carried out at the Institute of Cybernetics led V.M.Glushkov and the Leningrad Institute of Aviation Instrumentation. The general approach to the synthesis is carried out through linguo- combinatorial modeling with structured uncertainty.展开更多
The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 framework.In recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practi...The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 framework.In recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practical interest.However,academia and industry have used a variety of interpretations,and the scientific literature lacks a unified and consistent definition of this term.The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the definitional landscape of the digital twin concept as outlined in scholarly literature,beginning with its origins in the aerospace domain and extending to its contemporary interpretations in the manufacturing industry.Notably,this investigationwill focus on the research conducted on Industry 4.0 and smartmanufacturing,elucidating the diverse applications of digital twins in fields including aerospace,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligent transportation,and intelligent cities,among others.展开更多
The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulati...The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.展开更多
Haptic is the modality that complements traditional multimedia,i.e.,audiovisual,to evolve the next wave of innovation at which the Internet data stream can be exchanged to enable remote skills and control applications...Haptic is the modality that complements traditional multimedia,i.e.,audiovisual,to evolve the next wave of innovation at which the Internet data stream can be exchanged to enable remote skills and control applications.This will require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to evolve the mobile experience into the era of Digital Twin and Tactile Internet.While the 5th generation of mobile networks is not yet widely deployed,Long-Term Evolution(LTE-A)latency remains much higher than the 1 ms requirement for the Tactile Internet and therefore the Digital Twin.This work investigates an interesting solution based on the incorporation of Software-defined networking(SDN)and Multi-access Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)technologies in an LTE-A network,to deliver future multimedia applications over the Tactile Internet while overcoming the QoS challenges.Several network scenarios were designed and simulated using Riverbed modeler and the performance was evaluated using several time-related Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)such as throughput,End-2-End(E2E)delay,and jitter.The best scenario possible is clearly the one integrating MEC and SDN approaches,where the overall delay,jitter,and throughput for haptics-attained 2 ms,0.01 ms,and 1000 packets per second.The results obtained give clear evidence that the integration of,both SDN and MEC,in LTE-A indicates performance improvement,and fulfills the standard requirements in terms of the above KPIs,for realizing a Digital Twin/Tactile Internet-based system.展开更多
With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification o...With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification of the integrity and source of the generated sub-documents and solve the privacy problem in digital currency by removing blocks from the signed documents.Unfortunately,it has not realized the consolidation of signed documents,which can not solve the problem of merging two digital currencies.Now,we introduce the concept of weight based on the threshold secret sharing scheme(TSSS)and present a redactable signature scheme with merge algorithm(RSS-MA)using the quasi-commutative accumulator.Our scheme can reduce the communication overhead by utilizing the merge algorithm when transmitting multiple digital currency signatures.Furthermore,this can effectively hide the scale of users’private monetary assets and the number of transactions between users.While meeting the three properties of digital currency issuance,in order to ensure the availability of digital currency after redacting,editors shall not remove the relevant identification information block form digital currency.Finally,our security proof and the analysis of efficiency show that RSS-MA greatly improves the communication and computation efficiency when transmitting multiple signatures.展开更多
The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting sy...The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.展开更多
文摘Orders for more than 200 computers were received in just two months after a purchasing agreement was signed in the first half of last year between the American-owned Digital Company and the Power Science Academy of the Ministry of Power Industry. The Alpha AXP system computers, recently
基金supported by the National Fund Cultivation Project from China People’s Police University(Grant Number:JJPY202402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:62172165).
文摘With the rapid advancement of visual generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)and stable Diffusion,the creation of highly realistic Deepfake through automated forgery has significantly progressed.This paper examines the advancements inDeepfake detection and defense technologies,emphasizing the shift from passive detection methods to proactive digital watermarking techniques.Passive detection methods,which involve extracting features from images or videos to identify forgeries,encounter challenges such as poor performance against unknown manipulation techniques and susceptibility to counter-forensic tactics.In contrast,proactive digital watermarking techniques embed specificmarkers into images or videos,facilitating real-time detection and traceability,thereby providing a preemptive defense againstDeepfake content.We offer a comprehensive analysis of digitalwatermarking-based forensic techniques,discussing their advantages over passivemethods and highlighting four key benefits:real-time detection,embedded defense,resistance to tampering,and provision of legal evidence.Additionally,the paper identifies gaps in the literature concerning proactive forensic techniques and suggests future research directions,including cross-domain watermarking and adaptive watermarking strategies.By systematically classifying and comparing existing techniques,this review aims to contribute valuable insights for the development of more effective proactive defense strategies in Deepfake forensics.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1606403 and 2023YFE0101600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12027809,11961141003,U1967201,11875073 and 11875074).
文摘A digital data-acquisition system based on XIA LLC products was used in a complex nuclear reaction experiment using radioactive ion beams.A flexible trigger system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)parametrization was developed to adapt to different experimental sizes.A user-friendly interface was implemented,which allows converting script language expressions into FPGA internal control parameters.The proposed digital system can be combined with a conventional analog data acquisition system to provide more flexibility.The performance of the combined system was veri-fied using experimental data.
文摘Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging.Consequently,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions.In this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs.Thus,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.Methods:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults.The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant.Two reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults.Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence(≤85%)and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.Conclusion:The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall,though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions(e.g.,online classes and step-based exergames)can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults.However,due to the limited number of available studies,future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42171210,42371194)Major Project of Key Research Bases for Humanities and Social Sciences Funded by the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.22JJD790015).
文摘Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB3901403 and 2023YFC3007203).
文摘The deterioration of unstable rock mass raised interest in evaluating rock mass quality.However,the traditional evaluation method for the geological strength index(GSI)primarily emphasizes the rock structure and characteristics of discontinuities.It ignores the influence of mineral composition and shows a deficiency in assessing the integrity coefficient.In this context,hyperspectral imaging and digital panoramic borehole camera technologies are applied to analyze the mineral content and integrity of rock mass.Based on the carbonate mineral content and fissure area ratio,the strength reduction factor and integrity coefficient are calculated to improve the GSI evaluation method.According to the results of mineral classification and fissure identification,the strength reduction factor and integrity coefficient increase with the depth of rock mass.The rock mass GSI calculated by the improved method is mainly concentrated between 40 and 60,which is close to the calculation results of the traditional method.The GSI error rates obtained by the two methods are mostly less than 10%,indicating the rationality of the hyperspectral-digital borehole image coupled evaluation method.Moreover,the sensitivity of the fissure area ratio(Sr)to GSI is greater than that of the strength reduction factor(a),which means the proposed GSI is suitable for rocks with significant fissure development.The improved method reduces the influence of subjective factors and provides a reliable index for the deterioration evaluation of rock mass.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2907600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42277174 and 52204260).
文摘The rock mass consists of rock blocks and structural planes,which can reduce its integrity and strength.Therefore,accurately obtaining the characteristics of the rock mass structural plane is a prerequisite for evaluating stability and designing supports in underground engineering.Currently,there are no effective testing methods for the characteristic parameters of the rock mass structural plane in underground engineering.The paper presents the digital drilling technology as a new testing method of rock mass structural planes.Flawed rock specimens with cracks of varying widths and angles were used to simulate the rock mass structural planes,and the multifunctional rock mass digital drilling test system was employed to carry out the digital drilling tests.The analysis focuses on the variation laws of drilling parameters,such as drilling pressure and drilling torque,affected by the characteristics of prefabricated cracks,and clarifies the degradation mechanism of rock equivalent compressive strength.Additionally,an identification model for the characteristic parameters of rock mass structural planes during drilling is established.The test results indicate that the average difference of the characteristics of prefabricated cracks identified by the equivalent compressive strength is 2.45°and 0.82 mm,respectively.The identification model while drilling is verified to be correct due to the high identification accuracy.Based on this,a method for testing the characteristic parameters of the surrounding rock structural plane while drilling is proposed.The research offers a theoretical and methodological foundation for precise in situ identification of structural planes of the surrounding rock in underground engineering.
文摘Objective To evaluate and reduce inter-observer variations in the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules on digital radiograph (DR) chest images. Methods Two hundreds and thirty-two new posterior-anterior DR chest images were collected from out-patient screening patients. Consensus was reached by two experienced radiologists on the marking, rating, and segmentation of small actionable nodules ranged from 5 to 15 mm in diameter using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Both their own nodule findings and the computer's automatic nodule detection results were analyzed to make the consensus. Nodules identified together with corresponding likelihood rating and segmentation results were referred as "Gold Stand- ard". Two un-experienced radiologists were asked to first mark and characterize suspicious nodules independently, then were allowed to consult the computer nodule detection results and change their decisions. Results Large inter-observer variations in pulmonary nodule identification and characterization on DR chest images were observed between un-experienced radiologists. Un-expefienced radiologists could greatly benefit from the CAD system, including substantial decrease of inter-observer variation and improvement of nodule detection rates. Moreover, radiologists with different levels of skillfulness could achieve similar high level performance after using the CAD system. Conclusion The CAD system shows a high potential for providing a valuable assistance to the examination of DR chest images.
文摘Objective To assess inter-observer variations of pulmonary nodule marking in routine clinical chest digital radiograph (DR) softcopy reading by using a lung nodule computer toolkit.Methods A total of 601 chest posterior-anterior DR images were randomly selected from routine outpatient screening in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Two chest radiologists with experience more than ten years were first asked to read the images and mark all suspicious nodules independently by using computer toolkit IQQA-Chest, and to indicate the likelihood for each nodule detected. They were also asked to draw the boundary of the identified nodule manually on an enlarged region of interest, which was instantly analyzed by IQQA-Chest. Two sets of diagnostic reports, including the marked nodules, likelihood, manually drawn boundaries, quantitative measurements, and radiologists’ names, were automatically generated and stored by the computer system. One week later, the two radiologists read the same images together by using the same computer toolkit without referring to their previous reading results. Marking procedure was the same except that consensus was reached for each suspicious region. Statistical analysis tools provided in the IQQA-Chest were used to compare all the three sets of reading results.Results In the independent readings, Reader 1 detected 409 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.4 mm in 241 patients, and Reader 2 detected 401 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.6 mm in 253 patients. In the consensus reading, a total of 352 nodules with a mean diameter of 12.4 mm were detected in 220 patients. Totally, 42.3% of Reader 1’s and 45.1% of Reader 2’s marks were confirmed by the consensus reading. About 40% of each reader’s marks agreed with the other. There were only 130 (14.4%) out of the total 904 unique nodules were confirmed by both readers and the consensus reading. Moreover, 5.6% (51/904) of the marked regions were rated identical likelihood in all three readings. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between Readers 1 and 2, and between consensus and Reader 2 in determining the likelihood of the marks (P<0.01), but not between consensus and Reader 1. No significant difference in terms of size was observed in nodule segmentation between either two of the three readings. Conclusion Large variations in nodule marking and nodule-likelihood determination but not in nodule size were observed between experts as well as between single-person reading and consensus reading.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42171444,42301516)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project-Municipal Education Commission Joint Fund Project(No.KZ202110016021)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project-Science and Technology Plan General Project(No.KM202110016005).
文摘Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.
基金Supported by Social Science Funds for United Front Work Special Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(KJYT2204A).
文摘Under the historical background of promoting agricultural and rural modernization in an all-round way,this paper deeply analyzes the practical significance of digital construction in rural China,and explores the problems in the digitalization level of rural infrastructure,farmers digitalization awareness and accomplishment,and agricultural digital system.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects:digital village construction policy system,rural digital infrastructure construction,rural digital talent cultivation system,and agricultural digital system,and the rural digital construction of Huzhou City is taken as an example,in order to further realize the goal of empowering rural farmers with digital technology for common prosperity.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Worldwide, prostatic adenocarcinoma is the most common tumour type among men. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of the present investigation was to develop a computer program to identify normal prostate biopsies and distinguish them from biopsies showing premalignant alterations (LGPIN, HGPIN) and adenocarcinoma. <strong>Method:</strong> Prostate biopsies (n = 2094) taken from 191 consecutive men during 2016 were stained with triple immunehistochemisty (antibodies to AMACRA, p63 and CK 5). Digital images of the biopsies were obtained with a scanning microscope and used to develop an automatic computer program (CelldaTM), intended to identify the morphological alterations. Visual microscopic finding was used as a reference. <strong>Result:</strong> Of the 191 men, 121 (63.4%) were diagnosed as having prostate adenocarcinoma and 70 (36.6%) as having no malignancy on the basis of the visual microscopy. In comparison, computer analysis identified 134 (70.2%) men with malignant disease and 57 (29.8%) with non-malignant disease after exclusion of artifacts, which constituted 10.4% of areas (indicated as malignant disease). Discrepant results were recorded in 15 (7.9%) men, and in 14 of these cases, HGPIN and areas suggestive of early invasion were common. Thus, it was uncertain whether these cases should be regarded as malignant or not. The agreement between the visual examination and the computer analysis was 92.1% (kappa value 0.823, sensitivity 99.2 and specificity was 0.80). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> It seems that computer analysis could serve as an adjunct to simplify and shorten the diagnostic procedure, first of all by ensuring that normal prostate biopsies are sorted out from those sent for visual microscopic evaluation.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on modem music composition development direction under the digital and computer background. We can hear the music work, at ordinary times is the musician and sound engineer through three different stages of product created by mutual cooperation. The development of computer music has impact to the music every aspect of life, including various music creation process, cause the changes of some design principles. This change may be denied the traditional, also may be denied the traditional that is on the development of traditional principles. We integrate the concepts and principles of the digital perspective to propose our methodology on issues of computer music develooment that holds vital siznificance and meaning.
文摘The report examines the evolution of computers from digital analogs through non-yon Neumann machines to quantum computers, which are also digital analogs. In the 60 years of digital analogs successfully developed at the Institute of Electromechanics of the USSR in Leningrad. An important stage in the development of non-classical multiprocessor machine performance and reliability has been the development of recursive machines, which was carried out at the Institute of Cybernetics led V.M.Glushkov and the Leningrad Institute of Aviation Instrumentation. The general approach to the synthesis is carried out through linguo- combinatorial modeling with structured uncertainty.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61902158).
文摘The concept of the digital twin,also known colloquially as the DT,is a fundamental principle within Industry 4.0 framework.In recent years,the concept of digital siblings has generated considerable academic and practical interest.However,academia and industry have used a variety of interpretations,and the scientific literature lacks a unified and consistent definition of this term.The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the definitional landscape of the digital twin concept as outlined in scholarly literature,beginning with its origins in the aerospace domain and extending to its contemporary interpretations in the manufacturing industry.Notably,this investigationwill focus on the research conducted on Industry 4.0 and smartmanufacturing,elucidating the diverse applications of digital twins in fields including aerospace,intelligentmanufacturing,intelligent transportation,and intelligent cities,among others.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72071179)ZJU-Sunon Joint Research Center of Smart Furniture,Zhejiang University,China.
文摘The human digital twin(HDT)emerges as a promising human-centric technology in Industry 5.0,but challenges remain in human modeling and simulation.Digital human modeling(DHM)provides solutions for modeling and simulating human physical and cognitive aspects to support ergonomic analysis.However,it has limitations in real-time data usage,personalized services,and timely interaction.The emerging HDT concept offers new possibilities by integrating multi-source data and artificial intelligence for continuous monitoring and assessment.Hence,this paper reviews the evolution from DHM to HDT and proposes a unified HDT framework from a human factors perspective.The framework comprises the physical twin,the virtual twin,and the linkage between these two.The virtual twin integrates human modeling and AI engines to enable model-data-hybrid-enabled simulation.HDT can potentially upgrade traditional ergonomic methods to intelligent services through real-time analysis,timely feedback,and bidirectional interactions.Finally,the future perspectives of HDT for industrial applications as well as technical and social challenges are discussed.In general,this study outlines a human factors perspective on HDT for the first time,which is useful for cross-disciplinary research and human factors innovation to enhance the development of HDT in industry.
文摘Haptic is the modality that complements traditional multimedia,i.e.,audiovisual,to evolve the next wave of innovation at which the Internet data stream can be exchanged to enable remote skills and control applications.This will require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to evolve the mobile experience into the era of Digital Twin and Tactile Internet.While the 5th generation of mobile networks is not yet widely deployed,Long-Term Evolution(LTE-A)latency remains much higher than the 1 ms requirement for the Tactile Internet and therefore the Digital Twin.This work investigates an interesting solution based on the incorporation of Software-defined networking(SDN)and Multi-access Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)technologies in an LTE-A network,to deliver future multimedia applications over the Tactile Internet while overcoming the QoS challenges.Several network scenarios were designed and simulated using Riverbed modeler and the performance was evaluated using several time-related Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)such as throughput,End-2-End(E2E)delay,and jitter.The best scenario possible is clearly the one integrating MEC and SDN approaches,where the overall delay,jitter,and throughput for haptics-attained 2 ms,0.01 ms,and 1000 packets per second.The results obtained give clear evidence that the integration of,both SDN and MEC,in LTE-A indicates performance improvement,and fulfills the standard requirements in terms of the above KPIs,for realizing a Digital Twin/Tactile Internet-based system.
基金supported by Support Plan of Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Universities of Henan Province(20IRTSTHN013)Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security,Xi’an University of Posts&Telecommunications,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710121,China(ICNS202006)The National Natural Science Fund(No.61802117).
文摘With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification of the integrity and source of the generated sub-documents and solve the privacy problem in digital currency by removing blocks from the signed documents.Unfortunately,it has not realized the consolidation of signed documents,which can not solve the problem of merging two digital currencies.Now,we introduce the concept of weight based on the threshold secret sharing scheme(TSSS)and present a redactable signature scheme with merge algorithm(RSS-MA)using the quasi-commutative accumulator.Our scheme can reduce the communication overhead by utilizing the merge algorithm when transmitting multiple digital currency signatures.Furthermore,this can effectively hide the scale of users’private monetary assets and the number of transactions between users.While meeting the three properties of digital currency issuance,in order to ensure the availability of digital currency after redacting,editors shall not remove the relevant identification information block form digital currency.Finally,our security proof and the analysis of efficiency show that RSS-MA greatly improves the communication and computation efficiency when transmitting multiple signatures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075036)Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3302204).
文摘The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.