CExp： secure and verifiable outsourcing of composite modular exponentiation with single untrusted server

Outsnurcing computing allows users with resource-constrained devices tn outsnurce their complex computation wnrkloads to cloud servers that may not be honest. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for securing the outsourcing of composite modnlar exponentiation, which is one of the most complex computing tasks in discrete- log based cryptographic protocols. Unlike algorithms based on two untrusted servers, we outsnurce modular expnnentiation operation to only a single server, which eliminates the potential for a cnllusinn attack when using two servers. Moreover, our proposed algorithm can hide the base and exponent of the outsourced data, which prevents the exposure of sensitive information to clnud servers. In addition, compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, our scheme has remarkably better checkability, The user could detect any misbehavior with a probability of one if the server returns a fault result.

An Optimized Cross Correlation Power Attack of Message Blinding Exponentiation Algorithms

The message blinding method is the most efficient and secure countermeasure against first-order differential power analysis(DPA).Although cross correlation attacks(CCAs) were given for defeating message blinding methods,however searching for correlation points is difficult for noise,misalignment in practical environment.In this paper,we propose an optimized cross correlation power attack for message blinding exponentiation algorithms.The attack method can select the more correlative power points of share one operation in the modular multiplication by comparing variances between correlation coefficients.Further we demonstrate that the attack method is more efficient in experiments with hardware implementation of RSA on a crypto chip card.In addition to the proposed CCA method can recovery all 1024 bits secret key and recognition rate increases to 100%even when the recorded signals are noisy.

Evolution, resilience and causes of global petroleum gas trade networks: 1995-2020

Based on the HS 4-digit code trade data in UNCOMTRADE from 1995 to 2020, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the evolution of the global PG trade network using the complex network approach and analyzes the changes in its resilience at the overall and country levels, respectively. The results illustrated that:(1) The scale of the global PG trade network tends to expand, and the connection is gradually tightened, experiencing a change from a “supply-oriented” to a “supply-and-demand” pattern, in which the U.S., Russia, Qatar, and Australia have gradually replaced Canada, Japan, and Russia to become the core trade status, while OPEC countries such as Qatar, Algeria, and Kuwait mainly rely on PG exports to occupy the core of the global supply, and the trade status of other countries has been dynamically alternating and evolving.(2) The resilience of the global PG trade network is lower than that of the random network and decreases non-linearly with more disrupted countries. Moreover, the impact of the U.S. is more significant than the rest of countries. Simulations using the exponential random graph model(ERGM) model revealed that national GDP, institutional quality, common border and RTA network are the determinants of PG trade network formation, and the positive impact of the four factors not only varies significantly across regions and stages, but also increases with national network status.

基于改进YOLOv8-CEFG的垃圾检测算法研究

随着我国经济的高速发展和人口的急剧增加,生活垃圾污染问题日益突出。然而,传统的人工垃圾检测方法效率低且主观性强。为提高复杂场景下垃圾检测的准确率,文章提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8的垃圾检测模型。为提升检测精度和识别效果,引入了EMA(Exponential Moving Average)注意力机制。实验结果显示,YOLOv8-CEFG在垃圾检测数据集上表现优异,最终其mAP达到了88.8%,比原始YOLOv8模型提高了3.1%。YOLOv8-CEFG算法能较好地满足实时检测任务的需求,并展示了良好的检测效果。

A LOW-REGULARITY FOURIER INTEGRATOR FOR THE DAVEY-STEWARTSON II SYSTEM WITH ALMOST MASS CONSERVATION

In this work,we propose a low-regularity Fourier integrator with almost mass conservation to solve the Davey-StewartsonⅡsystem(hyperbolic-elliptic case).Arbitrary order mass convergence could be achieved by the suitable addition of correction terms,while keeping the first order accuracy in H~γ×H^(γ+1)for initial data in H^(γ+1)×H^(γ+1)withγ>1.The main theorem is that,up to some fixed time T,there exist constantsτ_(0)and C depending only on T and‖u‖_(L^(∞)((0,T);H^(γ+1)))such that,for any 0<τ≤τ_(0),we have that‖u(t_(n),·)-u^(n)‖H_γ≤C_(τ),‖v(t_(n),·)-v^(n)‖_(Hγ+1)≤C_(τ),where u^(n)and v^(n)denote the numerical solutions at t_(n)=nτ.Moreover,the mass of the numerical solution M(u^(n))satisfies that|M(u^(n))-M(u_0)|≤Cτ~5.

Efficiency of a Modular Cleanroom for Space Applications

A prototype cleanroom for hazardous testing and handling of satellites prior to launcher encapsulation,satisfying the ISO8 standard has been designed and analyzed in terms of performances.Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)models have been used to study the related flow field and particulate matter(PM)dispersion.The outcomes of the URANS models have been validated through comparison with equivalent large-eddy simulations.Special attention has been paid to the location and shape of the air intakes and their orientation in space,in order to balance the PM convection and diffusion inside the cleanroom.Forming a cyclone-type flow pattern inside the cleanroom is a key to maintaining a high ventilation efficiency.

Equivalence between the internal observability and equation

This paper is concerned with a third order in time linear Moore-Gibson-Thompson equation which describes the acoustic velocity potential in ultrasound wave program.Influenced by the work of Kaltenbacher,Lasiecka and Marchand(Control Cybernet.2011,40:971-988),we establish an observability inequality of the conservative problem,and then discuss the equivalence between the exponential stabilization of a dissipative system and the internal observational inequality of the corresponding conservative system.

TAK003 dengue vaccine:A promising tool for dengue control

Dengue,an arboviral disease caused by infection with one of the four distinct serotypes is one of the 10 global health threats confirmed by the World Health Organization(WHO)in 2019[1].There has been an exponential increase in dengue cases over last few years,attributed to unplanned urbanization,climate change,and migration,etc.Nearly 4 billion people worldwide in more than 100 countries are at risk of dengue,and 390 million infections occur every year,with 90 million symptomatic infections[2].The spectrum ranges from asymptomatic,mild,to severe dengue,leading to hospitalizations and even death[3].Due to unavailability of therapeutics for treating dengue,it is imperative to expand the arsenal by including vaccines in the efforts to combat dengue worldwide.

Using negative exponential function to characterize built-up land density along slope gradient for 19 urban areas in China

In China,numerous cities are expanding into sloping land,yet the quantitative distribution patterns of urban built-up land density along the slope gradient remain unclear,limiting the understanding of sloping land urbanization.In this paper,a simple negative exponential function was presented to verify its applicability in 19 typical sloping urban areas in China.The function fits well for all case urban areas(R^(2)≥0.951,p<0.001).The parameters of this function clearly describe two fundamental attributes:initial value a and decline rate b.Between 2000 and 2020,a tends to increase,while b tends to decrease in all urban areas,confirming the hypothesis of mutual promotion between flatland densification and sloping land expansion.Multiple regression analysis indicates that the built-up land density and the ruggedness of background land can explain 70.7%of a,while the average slope ratio of built-up land to background land,the built-up land density and the built-up land area can explain 82.1%of b.This work provides a quantitative investigative tool for distribution of urban built-up land density along slope gradient,aiding in the study of the globally increasing phenomenon of sloping land urbanization from a new perspective.

LOW-REGULARITY SOLUTIONS TO FOKKER-PLANCK-TYPE SYSTEMS IN THE WHOLE SPACE

In this manuscript,we consider two kinds of the Fokker-Planck-type systems in the whole space.The first part involves proving the global existence and the algebraic time decay rates of the mild solutions to the Fokker-Planck-Boltzmann equation near Maxwellians if initial data satisfies some smallness in the function space L_(k)^(1)L_(T)^(∞)L_(v)^(2)∩L_(k)^(p)L_(T)^(∞)L_(v)^(2).The second part proves the global existence of the mild solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system in the function space L_(k)^(1)L_(T)^(∞)L_(v)^(2),and we also obtain the exponential time decay rates,which are different from the algebraic time decay rates of the Fokker-Planck-Boltzmann equation.Our analysis is based on Lk1LT∞Lv2function space introduced by Duan et al.(Comm Pure Appl Math,2021,74:932-1020),the L_(k)^(1)∩L_(k)^(p) approach developed by Duan et al.(SIAM J Math Anal,2024,56:762-800),and the coercivity property of the Fokker-Planck operator.However,it is worth pointing out that the L_(k)^(1)∩L_(k)^(p)approach is not required for the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system,due to the influence of the electric field term,which is different from the Fokker-Planck-Boltzmann equation in this paper and in the work of Duan et al.(SIAM J Math Anal,2024,56:762-800).

EXPONENTIAL CONVERGENCE FOR NONLINEAR SPDES WITH DOUBLE REFLECTING WALLS

The present article is devoted to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with double reflecting walls driven by possibly degenerate,multiplicative noise.We prove that the corresponding Markov semigroup possesses an exponentially attracting invariant measure through asymptotic coupling,in which Foias-Prodi estimation and the truncation technique are crucial for the realization of the Girsanov transform.

Exponentially Convergent Multiscale Finite Element Method

We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.

Approximation Properties of Vectorial Exponential Functions

This contribution is dedicated to the celebration of Rémi Abgrall’s accomplishments in Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing during the conference“Essentially Hyperbolic Problems:Unconventional Numerics,and Applications”.With respect to classical Finite Elements Methods,Trefftz methods are unconventional methods because of the way the basis functions are generated.Trefftz discontinuous Galerkin(TDG)methods have recently shown potential for numerical approximation of transport equations[6,26]with vectorial exponential modes.This paper focuses on a proof of the approximation properties of these exponential solutions.We show that vectorial exponential functions can achieve high order convergence.The fundamental part of the proof consists in proving that a certain rectangular matrix has maximal rank.

Enhanced Differentiable Architecture Search Based on Asymptotic Regularization

In differentiable search architecture search methods,a more efficient search space design can significantly improve the performance of the searched architecture,thus requiring people to carefully define the search space with different complexity according to various operations.Meanwhile rationalizing the search strategies to explore the well-defined search space will further improve the speed and efficiency of architecture search.With this in mind,we propose a faster and more efficient differentiable architecture search method,AllegroNAS.Firstly,we introduce a more efficient search space enriched by the introduction of two redefined convolution modules.Secondly,we utilize a more efficient architectural parameter regularization method,mitigating the overfitting problem during the search process and reducing the error brought about by gradient approximation.Meanwhile,we introduce a natural exponential cosine annealing method to make the learning rate of the neural network training process more suitable for the search procedure.Moreover,group convolution and data augmentation are employed to reduce the computational cost.Finally,through extensive experiments on several public datasets,we demonstrate that our method can more swiftly search for better-performing neural network architectures in a more efficient search space,thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.

Charting the course:India's health expenditure projections for 2035

Objectives Understanding past trends and forecasting future changes in health spending is vital for planning and reducing reliance on out-of-pocket(OOP)expenses.The current study analyzed health expenditure patterns in India and forecasted future trends and patterns until 2035.Methods Data on health expenditure in India from 2000 to 2019 was collected from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)iLibrary and National Health Accounts 2019 databases.Gross domestic product(GDP)data from the World Bank was also utilized.Descriptive statistics analyzed the composition and pattern,while the exponential smoothing model forecasted future health expenditures.Results The findings revealed that expenditure made by OOP is the primary health financing source,followed by government and pre-paid private spending.The percentage of GDP allocated to total health expenditure remains stable,while the per capita health expenditure fluctuates.Variations in expenditure among states are observed,with Karnataka relying heavily on pre-paid private coverage.Future projections suggest a decline in per capita and total health expenditure as a share of GDP,with a slight increase in the government’s share.Pre-paid private expenditure per capita and OOP health expenditure as a share of the total is projected to remain relatively constant but still high in absolute terms.Conclusion The study highlights variations in health spending in India,characterized by high OOP spending,limited public coverage,and a need for investments,and reforms to improve healthcare access and equity.

Influencing Factors and Prediction of Risk of Returning to Ecological Poverty in Liupan Mountain Region,China

China has resolved its overall regional poverty in 2020 by attaining moderate societal prosperity.The country has entered a new development stage designed to achieve its second centenary goal.However,ecological fragility and risk susceptibility have increased the risk of returning to ecological poverty.In this paper,the Liupan Mountain Region of China was used as a case study,and the counties were used as the scale to reveal the spatiotempora differentiation and influcing factors of the risk of returning to poverty in study area.The indicator data for returning to ecological poverty from 2011-2020 were collected and summarized in three dimensions:ecological,economic and social.The autoregressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA)time series and exponential smoothing method(ES)were used to predict the multidimensional indicators of returning to ecological poverty for 61 counties(districts)in the Liupan Mountain Region for 2021-2030.The back propagation neural network(BPNN)and geographic information system(GIS)were used to generate the spatial distribution and time variation for the index of the risk of returning to ecological poverty(RREP index).The results show that 1)ecological factors were the main factors in the risk of returning to ecological poverty in Liupan Mountain Region.2)The RREP index for the 61 counties(districts)exhibited a downward trend from 2021-2030.The RREP index declined more in medium-and high-risk areas than in low-risk areas.From 2021 to 2025,the RREP index exhibited a slight downward trend.From 2026 to2030,the RREP index was expected to decline faster,especially from 2029-2030.3)Based on the RREP index,it can be roughly divided into three types,namely,the high-risk areas,the medium-risk areas,and the low-risk areas.The natural resource conditions in lowrisk areas of returning to ecological poverty,were better than those in medium-and high-risk areas.

Prescribed finite-time stabilization of fuzzy neural networks with time-varying controller

This paper investigates the exponential and prescribed finite-time stabilization with time-varying controller.First,the constraints of boundedness and differentiability on time delays are simultaneously relaxed,the Lipschitz condition for activation function is also relaxed.Second,different from the traditional Lyapunov function,two different time-varying Lyapunov functions are respectively constructed to achieve the exponential and prescribed finite-time stabilization.Significantly,the exponential convergence rate and the settling time are constants that can be given in advance and are not affected by system parameters and initial states.In addition,the time-varying controllers have good tolerance for disturbance caused by discontinuous functions and the disturbance is perfectly resolved and does not affect the control performance.Especially,the form of controllers is relatively simple and there is not necessary to design the fractional-order controllers for prescribed finite-time stabilization.Furthermore,the exponential and prescribed finite-time stabilization for FNNs without delay are respectively established via continuous time-varying state feedback control.Finally,examples show the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.

Mixed convectional and chemical reactive flow of nanofluid with slanted MHD on moving permeable stretching/shrinking sheet through nonlinear radiation,energy omission

Hybrid nanofluids are remarkable functioning liquids that are intended to reduce the energy loss while maximizing the heat transmission.In the involvement of suction and nonlinear thermal radiation effects,this study attempted to explore the energy transmission features of the inclined magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)stagnation flow of CNTs-hybrid nanofluid across the nonlinear permeable stretching or shrinking sheet.This work also included some noteworthy features like chemical reactions,variable molecular diffusivity,quadratic convection,viscous dissipation,velocity slip and heat omission assessment.Employing appropriate similarity components,the model equations were modified to ODEs and computed by using the HAM technique.The impact of various relevant flow characteristics on movement,heat and concentration profiles was investigated and plotted on a graph.Considering various model factors,the significance of drag friction,heat and mass transfer rate were also computed in tabular and graphical form.This leads to the conclusion that such factors have a considerable impact on the dynamics of fluid as well as other engineering measurements of interest.Furthermore,viscous forces are dominated by increasing the values ofλ_(p),δ_(m)andδ_(q),and as a result,F(ξ)accelerates while the opposite trend is observed for M andφ.The drag friction is boosted by the augmentation M,λ_(p)andφ,but the rate of heat transfer declined.According to our findings,hybrid nanoliquid effects dominate that of ordinary nanofluid in terms of F(ξ),Θ(ξ)andφ(ξ)profiles.The HAM and the numerical technique(shooting method)were found to be in good agreement.

Chemical Reaction on Williamson Nanofluid’s Radiative MHD Dissipative Stagnation Point Flow over an Exponentially Inclined Stretching Surface with Multi-Slip Effects

A wide range of technological and industrial domains,including heating processors,electrical systems,mechanical systems,and others,are facing issues as a result of the recent developments in heat transmission.Nanofluids are a novel type of heat transfer fluid that has the potential to provide solutions that will improve energy transfer.The current study investigates the effect of a magnetic field on the two-dimensional flow of Williamson nanofluid over an exponentially inclined stretched sheet.This investigation takes into account the presence of multi-slip effects.We also consider the influence of viscous dissipation,thermal radiation,chemical reactions,and suction on the fluid’s velocity.We convert the nonlinear governing partial differential equations(PDEs)of the fluid flow problem into dimensionless ordinary differential equations(ODEs)through the utilization of similarity variables.We then use the homotopy analysis method(HAM)to numerically solve the resulting ordinary differential equations(ODEs).We demonstrate the effects of numerous elements on a variety of profiles through graphical and tabular representations.We observe a drop in the velocity profile whenever we increase either the magnetic number or the suction parameter.Higher values of the Williamson parameter lead to an increase in the thermal profile,while the momentum of the flow displays a trend in the opposite direction.The potential applications of this unique model include chemical and biomolecule detection,environmental cleansing,and the initiation of radiation-induced chemical processes like polymerization,sterilization,and chemical synthesis.

Non-Spectrality of Certain Self-Affine Measures on the Generalized Spatial Sierpinski Gasket

Let μM,Dbe a self-affine measure associated with an expanding integer matrix M=[ p1,0,0;p4,p2,0;p5,0,p3]and the digit set D={ 0,e1,e2,e3}in the space R3, where p1,p2,p3∈Z\{ 0,±1 }, p4,p5∈Zand e1,e2,e3are the standard basis of unit column vectors in R3. In this paper, we mainly consider the case p1,p2,p3∈2Z+1, p2≠p3, p4=l(p1−p2), p5=l(p3−p1),where l∈2Z. We prove that μM,Dis a non-spectral measure, and there are at most 4-element μM,D-orthogonal exponentials, and the number 4 is the best. The results here generalize the known results.