In the villages of Anono and Blockhaus,inserted in the district of Abidjan,three religious communities,notably Harrist,Catholic,and Methodist are socially accepted and recognized in the village space.These churches ar...In the villages of Anono and Blockhaus,inserted in the district of Abidjan,three religious communities,notably Harrist,Catholic,and Methodist are socially accepted and recognized in the village space.These churches are adopted because they allow religious,cultural,and Christianized practices to coexist within their religious spaces.Social rules and sanctions operate there as a control mechanism for their sustainability.However,several faithful of these local churches are swarming for the benefit of the so-called“Evangelical”churches.This break is regarded by the collective memory as an act of deviance which involves stigma.We try to explore in what follows,20 biographical journeys of the faithful who abandon locally recognized churches.It is from the life story,the main data collection tool that we will first demonstrate the social situations of their affiliation to these churches(past experiences).Secondly,we will describe the social conditions of their disaffiliation(lived experiences)and thirdly,we will identify identity reconstruction strategies(experiences to be lived).They constitute an adaptive response to the process of social stigmatization maintained by the local chiefdom and large families.展开更多
Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, ...Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.展开更多
The analysis of data from the National Observation Network (RNO) of the water quality of the Ivorian Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) relating to the physico-chemical quality and the trophic state of the lagoon bays of ...The analysis of data from the National Observation Network (RNO) of the water quality of the Ivorian Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) relating to the physico-chemical quality and the trophic state of the lagoon bays of Côte d’Ivoire has allowed apprehending the degree of pollution of the bays of Biétry. This bay is heavily polluted, overall, there is a high salinity at depth between 22.5‰ and 27.5‰, a slightly basic character with a pH oscillating between 7.8 and 8.1 for surface waters and between 7, 6 and 7.8 for bottom waters. This is a very marked surface oxygenation between 100.94% and 114.72%;a slightly elevated temperature oscillating between 28.6°C and 29°C for surface waters and between 26.6°C and 27.1°C for bottom waters. This is high turbidity due to suspended solids and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations as well. As a result, these waters evolve towards a “mesotrophic” character according to the OECD (1982) and they are “eutrophic” according to Carlson (1977). This water is therefore impure according to the WHO concerning water intended for bathing activities.展开更多
文摘In the villages of Anono and Blockhaus,inserted in the district of Abidjan,three religious communities,notably Harrist,Catholic,and Methodist are socially accepted and recognized in the village space.These churches are adopted because they allow religious,cultural,and Christianized practices to coexist within their religious spaces.Social rules and sanctions operate there as a control mechanism for their sustainability.However,several faithful of these local churches are swarming for the benefit of the so-called“Evangelical”churches.This break is regarded by the collective memory as an act of deviance which involves stigma.We try to explore in what follows,20 biographical journeys of the faithful who abandon locally recognized churches.It is from the life story,the main data collection tool that we will first demonstrate the social situations of their affiliation to these churches(past experiences).Secondly,we will describe the social conditions of their disaffiliation(lived experiences)and thirdly,we will identify identity reconstruction strategies(experiences to be lived).They constitute an adaptive response to the process of social stigmatization maintained by the local chiefdom and large families.
文摘Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.
文摘The analysis of data from the National Observation Network (RNO) of the water quality of the Ivorian Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) relating to the physico-chemical quality and the trophic state of the lagoon bays of Côte d’Ivoire has allowed apprehending the degree of pollution of the bays of Biétry. This bay is heavily polluted, overall, there is a high salinity at depth between 22.5‰ and 27.5‰, a slightly basic character with a pH oscillating between 7.8 and 8.1 for surface waters and between 7, 6 and 7.8 for bottom waters. This is a very marked surface oxygenation between 100.94% and 114.72%;a slightly elevated temperature oscillating between 28.6°C and 29°C for surface waters and between 26.6°C and 27.1°C for bottom waters. This is high turbidity due to suspended solids and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations as well. As a result, these waters evolve towards a “mesotrophic” character according to the OECD (1982) and they are “eutrophic” according to Carlson (1977). This water is therefore impure according to the WHO concerning water intended for bathing activities.
