Protective effects of Ecklonia cava extract on the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by hair dye in in-vitro and in-vivo models

Oxidative hair dyes containingρ-phenylenediamine(PPD)are reported to induce an allergic reaction by promoting oxidative stress when absorbed through the skin.Despite the associated risk,these hair dyes remain popular owing to their convenience and sharpness of color.This makes it important to minimize the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Ecklonia cava extract has been evaluated in different studies for its protective effects against external stress in fibroblasts and keratinocytes.Our study was aimed at using in-vitro and in-vivo models to investigate the extract’s effects on cytotoxicity of and oxidative stress induced by PPD-containing hair dyes.Analysis of CIEL*a*b*Color space was first used to determine the range of E.cava extract that would not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye upon addition.Subsequently,the set ranges of E.cava extract(5% and 7%)were added to the hair dye and their toxicity assessed by evaluating the viability of fibroblasts and keratinocytes.The effects on developmental phenotypes and induction of oxidative stress by hair dye were evaluated and compared with those of hair dyes containing different contents of E.cava extract using an in-vivo zebrafish model.Our results showed that E.cava extract in hair dye could significantly decrease the cytotoxicity and levels of oxidative stress caused by hair dyes containing PPD in both in-vitro and in-vivo models.These results suggest that the addition of 7% E.cava extract to 250μg/mL hair dye does not interfere with the coloring ability of the dye while showing significant protective eff ects against the hair dye.The study proposes that the use of E.cava extract as an adduct to hair dyes containing PPD reduces the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by these hair dyes.

Role of ERK/MAPK signalling pathway in anti-inflammatory effects of Ecklonia cava in activated human mast cell line-1 cells

Objective:The anti-inflammatory effects of Ecklonia cava(EC)and its mechanism of action were examined in phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate(30 nmol/L)and A23187(1μmol/L)(PMACI)stimulated human mast cell line-1 cells.Methods:Nitric oxide content,inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression,pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6 mRNA and protein expressions were determined.In addition,extracellular regulated protein kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinase(ERK/MAPK)activation was examined.Results:EC dose-dependently suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and subsequently it reduces nitric oxide content in PMACI stimulated human mast cell line-1 cells.EC dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA as well as protein expression of TNF-α,IL—1β,and TL-6 in the PMACI stimulated human mast cell line-1 cells without any cytotoxic effect.Furthermore,EC significantly inhibited PMACI induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the total protein levels.Conclusions:EC exert its anti-inflammatory actions via inhibition of ERK/MAPK signalling pathway,suggesting that EC is a potent and efficacious anti-inflammatory agent for mast cellmediated inflammatory diseases.

Use of a Natural Compound Made of Ecklonia bicyclis Seaweed, Tribulus terrestris and Water-Soluble Chitosan Oligosaccharide, in Male Sexual Asthenia with Mild or Mild-Moderate Erectile Dysfunction and Serum Testosterone Levels at the Lower Limit of Normal

Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural compound made of Ecklonia bicyclis Seaweed, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, in the male sexual asthenia with mild or mild-moderate erectile dysfunction and serum testosterone levels between 280 and 350 ng/dl. Materials and Methods: 84 male patients affected by reduced libido and serum testosterone levels at the lower limit of normal, were recruited. We have separated patients in three different age groups: group A (18 - 45 years), group B (45 - 59 years), group C (>60 years). All subjects answered the International index of erectile function questionnaire (IIEF-5) and underwent determination of serum total testosterone before and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Before treatment, the group A showed mean (± standard deviation) total testosterone 321.9 ± 19.2 ng/dl and mean IIEF-5 18.6 ± 1.97, in the group B it was 318.5 ± 18.1 ng/dl and 16.3 ± 2.66, and finally in the group C it was 305.4 ± 13.1 ng/dl and 14.2 ± 1.95 respectively. After treatment mean total testosterone and mean IIEF-5 were respectively: group A (448 ± 111.46 ng/dl and 21.84 ± 3.41);group B (453.8 ± 105.23 ng/dl and 20.4 ± 3.81);group C (385.8 ± 87.29 ng/dl and 16.7 ± 3.84). Conclusions: The treatment with Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide might represent a safe and effective option on the improvement of libido and erectile function in man with testosterone level at the lower limit of normal.

Physiological differences in the growth and maturation of Eisenia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava gametophytes in Korea

The objective of this study was to examine the eff ects of temperature and light intensity on growth of female gametophytes of Eisenia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava and responses of these female gametophytes to Fe addition and daylength. Female gametophytes of each species were cultured at four temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and under a combination of four light intensities (10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol photons/(m^2 ·s)) with two temperatures (15 and 20°C for E i . bicyclis;20 and 25°C for E c . cava ) to clarify their optimal growth conditions. Growth and maturation of female gametophytes of these two species under a combination of five Fe-EDTA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L) and three daylengths (10, 12, and 14 h) were also examined. The growth of E i . bicyclis gametophyte was maximal at approximately 15–20°C, 20 μmol photons/(m^2 ·s), Fe-EDTA concentration of 8 μmol/L and daylengths of 12–14 h. While E c . c ava gametophytes showed optimal growth at approximately 20–25°C, 20 μmol photons/(m^2 ·s), Fe- EDTA concentration of 8 μmol/L and daylength of 14 h. Maturation of gametophytes was enhanced at Fe-EDTA concentration of 4 μmol/L for E i . bicyclis and at 2 μmol/L for E c . c ava . In conclusion, optimal growth temperatures and Fe-EDTA concentrations for maturation of E i . bicyclis and E c . c ava gametophytes were diff erent. Higher optimal growth temperature for E c . c ava gametophytes may contribute to its wider geographical distribution compared to E i . bicyclis which has restricted habitats in Korea. This suggests that addition of Fe ion could be used to recover beds of these two species in barren grounds of Korea.

Analysis on Composition and Antioxidative Properties of Phlorotannins Isolated from Japanese Eisenia and Ecklonia Species

The composition and antioxidative properties of crude phlorotannins isolated from Japanese Eisenia and Ecklonia species including cultured E. kurome were analyzed. As a result of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, it was suggested that the phlorotannins were composed of compounds containing 3 - 7 phloroglucinol units for Eisenia species and 3 - 8 phloroglucinol units for Ecklonia species. The antioxidant properties of phlorotannins were evaluated using the hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) assay, the measurements of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SOSA) with electron spin resonance method, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay. It was clarified that the phlorotannins contained H-ORAC values of 8.9 × 103 - 1.0 × 104 μmol-Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, SOSA of 1.5 × 104 - 2.9 × 104 superoxide dismutase units/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 4.7 × 103 - 5.5 × 103 μmol-TE/g, and reducing power of 6.5 × 102 - 7.0 × 102 mg-ascorbic acid equivalents/g, and had excellent antioxidative properties.

Elastosonographic Changes in Patients with Peyronie's Disease, before and after Treatment with a Compound Based on <i>Ecklonia bicyclis</i>, <i>Tribulus terrestris</i>, and Water-Soluble Chitosan

Several diagnostic techniques have been proposed during the time for the diagnostic evaluation of Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP), due to poor sensitivity and specificity of standard B-Mode Ultrasonography. Shear-Wave elastosonography (SWE) is a relative new ultrasound technique, already used for several organs, which allows evaluating the rigidity of the tissues. Furthermore, we used a compound consisting of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) with antifibrotic and antioxidant properties and analyzed the elastosonographic variations following the assumption of the compound. From March 2016 to April 2017, 40 patients were recruited with a mean age of 62. All patients underwent elastosonographic measurements at the start of treatment. Subsequently each patient took 1 tablet of the compound of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) for 6 months. All patients underwent elastosonographic investigation at the end of treatment. The elastosonographic measurement prior treatment, showed that the average of the three measurements (proximal, medial and distal), was 37.05 KPa ± 7.76 SD and 38.8 KPa ± 10.11 SD for the left and right cavernous body, respectively. The examination at the end of the six months of treatment, with the compound showed that the average values of fibrosity were 31.07 KPa ± 7.5 SD and 30.86 KPa ± 11.4 SD for the left and right cavernous body respectively, demonstrating a decrease in fibrosity that was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that taking the compound for six months reduces the stiffness of the corpora cavernosa.

褐藻苷苔(Ecklonia cava)生物活性物质研究进展

褐藻因含有丰富的生物活性物质及其具有的功能作用而成为科学家研究的热点。苷苔是一种广泛分布在韩国和日本海岸的褐藻,可以作为食物成分、动物饲料、肥料和药物,其含有丰富的褐藻多酚、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯、褐藻酸盐和色素等活性物质。论文综述了从苷苔中分离出的活性物质的功能活性,重点概括了褐藻多酚、岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的抗炎、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗凝血和抗肿瘤等活性,阐述了近年来苷苔活性物质的应用研究进展及现状,并展望了苷苔产业的发展,为苷苔活性物质进一步研究开发提供参考。

昆布多糖的含量测定

目的建立一种稳定、简便的昆布多糖含量测定方法。方法采用精制昆布多糖测得昆布多糖对葡萄糖的换算因子后,样品经除杂处理后,用苯酚-硫酸法测定昆布中多糖的含量。结果用此方法测定多糖的标准曲线,其相关系数为0.9998,平均回收率为97.35%,重现性相对标准偏差为4.68%。结论本方法所需仪器简单、操作方便,适合于昆布及其制品的多糖含量的常规检测。

昆布多糖提取工艺及理化性质分析

以多糖得率为指标,通过单因素分析获得正交表中的各因素的最佳水平数,通过正交试验对昆布多糖的提取工艺进行优选,同时对昆布多糖的理化性质进行分析。结果表明,昆布多糖最佳水浸提工艺条件为温度90°C、加水量60倍、浸提时间4h,多糖得率可达18.31%。多糖比旋光度为-1.25°(c=0.80,H2O)。

昆布对实验性高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢的影响

为了探讨昆布抗动脉硬化的作用机制,利用实验性高脂血症大鼠模型观察了昆布对脂质代谢紊乱的影响。结果表明,昆布能明显提高实验性高脂血症大鼠血清卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterolacyltransterase,LCAT)活性,使血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)尤其HDL_2-C水平提高,总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)水平降低。同时,并能降低实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxidation,LPO)含量,提示昆布可通过提高LCAT活性,促进HDL_3-C向HDL_2-C转化,加速胆固醇的消除而改善血脂代谢紊乱,而且还可增强机体抗脂质过氧化作用。这些作用有利于抗动脉硬化的形成与发展。

热重/差热分析法鉴别中药昆布的研究

为了建立一种快速分析鉴别不同类型的中药昆布的方法,采用热重—微分热重(TG-DTG)和差热分析(DTA)对不同产地的海带和昆布进行热分析研究.以α-Al2O3为参照物,N2为气氛的条件下,固定反应的升温速率和温度范围,进行图谱峰形的比较鉴别.结果表明,不同产地的海带和昆布之间TG、DTG、DTA图谱中峰形有所不同,利用海带和昆布热分析图谱的差异,可以快速鉴别不同产地的中药昆布.

昆布多糖对博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化的影响

目的观察昆布多糖对博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化的影响。方法通过气管注射博来霉素复制大鼠肺纤维化模型,不同浓度昆布多糖(25,50,100mg.mL-1)灌胃给药,在造模的第0,3,7,14,28天测肺羟脯氨酸含量。结果博来霉素造模第7,28天时,昆布多糖中、高剂量组大鼠肺羟脯氨酸含量与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);第14天时与模型组比较,高剂量组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论昆布多糖能抑制博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化。

Isolation and Characterization of Fucoidans from Five Brown Algae and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity

In this study, we evaluated the chemical property and antioxidant activity of fucoidans isolated from brown algae, Laminaria japonica(LJF), Lessonia nigrescens(LNF), Lessonia trabeculata(LTF), Ascophyllum mackaii(AMF), and Ecklonia maxima(EMF). LJF was less in sulfate content(14.16%) and more in galactose and mannose content(1.08 and 0.68) than the documented early. EMF contained 20%–30% of sulfate and fucose, 0.97 in molar ratio which was lower than that of sulfate to other four fucoidans(1.21–1.41). AMF(162 kDa) and EMF(150 kDa) were the first two largest in molecular weight, which were followed by LJP(126 kDa), LNF(113 kDa) and LTF(105 kDa). The fucoidans isolated these algae showed a wide range of antioxidant activity in vitro. It was found that the reducing power of the isolated fucoidans was positively correlated with their sulfate content and molecular weight. In addition, LNF and LTF at low concentrations exhibited high superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This demonstrated that low molecular weight fucoidans may perform a high antioxidant activity.

海洋中药昆布古今应用研究

目的:探讨昆布的古今应用情况及用药经验,为昆布临床合理应用及相关产品研发提供依据。方法:基于《中医方剂大辞典》、2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》及《中华医典》等著作及中国知网数据库,收集含昆布方剂及临床研究文献,进行频数分析、关联规则分析、文献计量学分析及可视化处理。结果:共筛选出含昆布方剂342首,来自90种医籍。配伍分析发现,昆布多配伍化痰止咳平喘药、清热药、理气药等,与海藻配伍频率最高,其次为连翘、甘草、半夏等。分析主治病症发现,昆布多用于治疗瘿气、瘰疬、噎膈、疮等。1993年5月4日至2023年5月4日,中国知网共收录736篇含昆布临床文献,2000年左右,昆布多配伍夏枯草、黄药子等治疗甲状腺疾病、乳腺增生;直至2010年,昆布多糖及昆布多糖硫酸酯在治疗甲状腺疾病、乳腺增生等疾病中具有更大优势。结论:古代方剂与现代临床研究多集中于以昆布治疗瘿气,但古代含昆布方剂还可以治疗瘰疬、噎膈、咳嗽、疝、疮等病症,应用范围远超现代,且昆布解酒、瘦人等功效并未在现代临床中得到应用。

不同来源昆布和海藻饮片及配方颗粒的碘含量测定分析

目的采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定并分析不同产地昆布和海藻饮片及配方颗粒的碘含量。方法采用浓硝酸对昆布和海藻饮片及配方颗粒样品进行消解,并在冷却后以氨水为介质定容。以Rh元素为内标,以海带-茶叶中碘成分分析标准物质作为标准物质,采用ICP-MS法测定6个产地的昆布饮片、5个产地的海藻饮片和3个厂家的昆布和海藻颗粒的碘含量。结果碘元素的检出限为0.00231μg/mL,加样回收率为93.72%~109.77%,均RSD<10%。昆布和海藻饮片的碘含量分别为(855.33±21.73)μg/g~(5481.33±157.62)μg/g和(297.67±8.39)μg/g~682.67±33.08)μg/g;昆布和海藻配方颗粒的碘含量分别为(3139.33±136.27)μg/g~(16165.00±727.60)μg/g和(611.00±7.81)μg/g~(3141.00±73.32)μg/g。结论不同产地和厂家的昆布、海藻饮片及配方颗粒的碘含量不同,且在同种剂型下,昆布的碘含量高于海藻。采用ICP-MS法检测不同来源、不同剂型的昆布和海藻的碘含量可为指导临床科学应用富碘中药、完善昆布和海藻饮片与配方颗粒的质量评价提供实验依据。

“Tradamixina TP” Compound in Monotherapy for Three Months in Patients with LUTS: Observational Study on Improvement of Urinary Symptoms and Sexual Function in Men

Introduction: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) frequently affect the male population after the age of 50. Moreover, it is well known that there is a correlation of these symptoms with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) that can reach a frequency of roughly 52% in men aged between 40 and 70 years old. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the effect of a new natural compound “Tradamixina TP” (composed of 80 mg of the algae Ecklonia Bicyclis, 100 mg of Tribulus terrestris and 100 mg of Chitosan Water-soluble oligosaccharide 320 mg of Serenoa repens) in the improvement of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Materials & Methods: One-hundred patients with an average age of 64 years old and who were not taking any medication or phytotherapy for prostatic hypertrophy or erectile dysfunction were recruited in the study. All participants were subjected to serum prostate antigen (PSA) and uroflowmetry measuring maximal urine flow/sec (Qmax), at baseline and after 12 weeks. In addition, patients were asked to take the Tradamixina TP for 3 months and to complete at the beginning and end of the treatment the following questionnaires: 1) the IPSS investigating the level of LUTS, and 2) the IIEF-15 investigating the erectile dysfunction. Results: After the treatment, the IPSS scores were lower than those before the treatment. Moreover, a significant effect was found for the IIEF erectile subdomain with scores that were significantly higher at 12 weeks than at baseline. A similar result was found for the IIEF overall subdomain. A decrease of total serum PSA was also observed. Conclusions: After 3 months of daily treatment, the new compound “Tradamixina TP” improved patients’ sexual function, LUTS and led also to a decrease in serum PSA levels.

树皮藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的纯化及其化学结构研究

为研究树皮藻Ecklonia maxima岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的单糖组成及其化学结构,以产自南非的树皮藻为原料测定其基本成分,采用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子层析柱对树皮藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗品进行分离纯化,通过柱前衍生高效液相色谱法、红外光谱法和核磁共振波谱法测定单糖组成和化学结构。结果表明:树皮藻干基中基本营养成分分别为灰分18.59%、蛋白质9.16%、脂肪0.74%;对树皮藻岩藻聚糖硫酸酯粗品进行纯化得到4个组分,分别命名为SPF1、SPF2、SPF3、SPF4,收集冻干各组分,检测各组分得率分别为18.19%、24.02%、5.61%、4.23%,硫酸根含量分别为12.07%、5.44%、15.58%、19.30%;4个组分主要由岩藻糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,还含有少量的葡萄糖和木糖,其中SPF3、SPF4主要由岩藻糖和半乳糖组成,岩藻糖含量分别为70.92%和86.20%,4个组分的红外光谱显示出典型的多糖吸收峰,SPF1、SPF2在13C核磁共振谱177×10-6附近均出现糖醛酸C6信号峰,SPF3、SPF4在18×10-6附近均出现信号峰,为α-L-吡喃岩藻糖C6信号峰。

桑黄-昆布双向发酵菌质化学成分及抗肿瘤活性

该试验利用桑黄对昆布进行双向发酵处理,探究双向发酵后所得菌质有效成分含量变化及对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用。分别采用硫酸-蒽酮比色法、福林酚比色法对昆布水提物和桑黄-昆布双向发酵菌质中总糖、总酚的含量进行测定;采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone,PMP)柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法对昆布水提物、桑黄-昆布双向发酵菌质中单糖组成和含量进行分析;采用磺酰罗丹明B(sulforhodamine B,SRB)比色法测定昆布水提物、桑黄-昆布双向发酵菌质对人肺癌细胞A549、人结肠癌细胞HCT-116、人肝癌细胞HepG2、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人宫颈癌细胞HeLa、人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)增殖的影响。结果表明,昆布经桑黄双向发酵后,总糖和总酚含量显著升高;单糖组成中古洛糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸、甘露糖和岩藻糖含量也显著升高;与昆布水提物相比,100μg/mL桑黄-昆布双向发酵菌质对HUVECs表现出较好的增殖抑制作用(抑制率为49.35%),对A549、HCT-116、HeLa细胞也表现出一定的增殖抑制作用,而对HepG2、MCF-7细胞未表现出增殖抑制作用。因此,桑黄-昆布双向发酵后,发酵菌质中总糖、总酚、特征单糖含量明显增加,对肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用也进一步增强。

昆布药材中聚合酚类成分研究

目的:研究昆布药材中聚合酚类成分。方法:利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20色谱柱等对药材中聚合酚类成分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波普数据分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:从昆布药材中共分离得到7个聚合酚类化合物,分别鉴定为间苯三酚(1)、昆布醇(2)、Fucodiphloroethol G(3)、Phlorofucofuroeckol A(4)、1-(3′,5′-dihydro-xyphenoxy)-7-(2″,4″,6-trihydro-xyphenoxy)-2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4-dioxin(5)、Dieckol(6)和6,6′-bieckol(7)。结论:化合物5、7均为首次从昆布药材中分离得到,本研究为昆布药材质量评价奠定了一定基础。

三种大型褐藻营养成分分析与评价

为评价巨藻(Macrocystis pyrifera)、海洋巨藻(Durvillaea potatorum)和边花昆布(Ecklonia radiata) 3种大型褐藻的营养价值,深入挖掘其加工利用潜力,对3种褐藻的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、无机元素、碘、褐藻胶及甘露醇含量进行了测定。结果表明,这3种均为高碳水化合物、低脂肪的褐藻,海洋巨藻的可溶性膳食纤维和边花昆布的不溶性膳食纤维含量分别高达34.53%和47.64%(质量分数);3种褐藻均含有18种氨基酸,包括8种必需氨基酸,其中第1限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸,巨藻和边花昆布的氨基酸组成较为均衡合理,海洋巨藻的氨基酸评分和必需氨基酸指数较低,氨基酸组成相对不够均衡;饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比例较高;3种褐藻均富含Na、K、Ca、Fe、Zn等无机元素,其中边花昆布Ca含量高达37.99 mg/g;碘、褐藻胶及甘露醇含量较高,其中海洋巨藻的褐藻胶质量分数为52.20%。3种褐藻在海藻化工和营养保健食品开发方面均具有较大利用潜力。