The present work uses PEO solution to well disperse carbon fiber and identifies percolation thresholds of carbon fiber and carbon black which are used as conductive fillers.The resultant cathode plates have an average...The present work uses PEO solution to well disperse carbon fiber and identifies percolation thresholds of carbon fiber and carbon black which are used as conductive fillers.The resultant cathode plates have an average compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and flexural strength of 29.09 MPa,which demonstrate excellent mechanical properties.The Cu^(2+)removal efficiency was measured at different current densities in EC process with cement-based cathode plate,while the voltage changes were recorded.The results showed that the cement-based cathode plate operated stably and achieved 99.7%removal of 1 L of simulated wastewater with a Cu^(2+)concentration of 200 ppm at a current density of 8 m A/cm^(2)for 1 h.Characterization of floc and tested cathode plates,SEM and EDS analyses,and repeatability testing of the tested plates demonstrate the reusability of the plates,proving that cement-based plates can effectively replace metal cathode plates,reduce the cost of EC and improve the applicability of EC devices.展开更多
Electrocoagulation is progressively becoming an ecologically friendly water treatment method owing to its lack of secondary pollution,high active ingredient concentration,high treatment effectiveness,simple equipment,...Electrocoagulation is progressively becoming an ecologically friendly water treatment method owing to its lack of secondary pollution,high active ingredient concentration,high treatment effectiveness,simple equipment,and simplicity of automated control implementation.Herein,electrocoagulation is offered as a method for treating wastewater containing azo dyes using a revolutionary flexible electronic fabric that can be mass-producible at a reasonable price.A computer-controlled machine embroiders 316L stainless steel fiber(316L SSF)onto an insulating fabric to manufacture a flexible electronic device of cathode and anode with a monopolar arrangement on the fabric surface.Using methyl orange(MO)solution to simulate azo dye wastewater,the decolorization rate of 500 ml MO reached 99.25% under the conditions of 50 mg·L^(-1)initial mass concentration,120 min electrolysis time,15 mA·g^(-1)current density,1 cm electrode spacing,0.1 mol·L^(-1)NaCl,pH 7.6,200 r·min^(-1)rotational speed of the stirrer,and 22-25℃ room temperature.In addition,it is feasible to embroider flexible electronic fabrics with varied sizes and numbers of electrodes based on the amount of treated sewage to increase the degradation rate,which has significant practical application value.展开更多
This paper examines the effect of the microstructure and electrical conductivity(EC)on the swelling ratio and pressure in red-bed mudstone sampled from arid areas in the Xining region in the northeastern Tibetan Plate...This paper examines the effect of the microstructure and electrical conductivity(EC)on the swelling ratio and pressure in red-bed mudstone sampled from arid areas in the Xining region in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.A series of laboratory tests,including swelling experiments,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM),was carried out for mechanical and microstructural analysis.The coupled influence of the EC and microstructural parameters on the expansion ratio and pressure was investigated,and the weight coefficients were discussed by the entropy weight method.The results revealed an increasing exponential trend in EC,and the maximum swelling speed occurred at an EC of approximately 10 μS/cm.In addition,a method for predicting the expansion potential is proposed based on the microstructure,and its reliability is verified by comparing with swelling experimental results.In addition,according to the image analysis results,the ranges of the change in the clay minerals content(CMC),the fractal dimension(FD),the average diameter(AD)of pores,and the plane porosity(PP)are 23.75%-53%,1.08-1.17,7.53-22.45 mm,and 0.62%-1.25%,respectively.Moreover,mudstone swelling is negatively correlated with the plane porosity,fractal dimension and average diameter and is linearly correlated with the clay mineral content.Furthermore,the weight values prove that the microstructural characteristics,including FD,AD,and PP,are the main factors influencing the expansion properties of red-bed mudstones in the Xining region.Based on the combination of macro and micro-analyses,a quantitative analysis of the swelling process of mudstones can provide a better reference for understanding the mechanism of expansion behavior.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma.However,complications,such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after...BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma.However,complications,such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after the puncture.We hypothesized that using a transrectal resectoscope could help treat massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.AIM To identify a simple and effective treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.METHODS Patients requiring treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures were included.A SIMAI resectoscope was inserted through the anus.Direct electrocoagulation was performed for superficial bleeding points.Part of the rectal mucosa or surface muscle layer was removed to expose deep bleeding points,followed by electrocoagulation.An electric cutting ring was used to compress and stop the bleeding for jet-like points before electrocoagulation.The fluid color in the drainage tube was monitored postoperatively for continuous bleeding.RESULTS Eight patients were included from 2012 to 2022.None of the patients with massive rectal bleeding after the transrectal prostate punctures improved with conventional conservative and blood transfusion treatments.Two patients had an inferior artery embolism,and digital subtraction angiography was ineffective.All patients received emergency transanal prostate resection,which immediately stopped the bleeding.Four days after the procedure,the patients had recovered and were discharged.CONCLUSION Using a transanal prostate resection instrument is a simple,safe,and effective method for treating massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.展开更多
The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global deman...The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse gases.Electrochemical(EC) and photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent decades.To achieve sustainable green H_(2) production,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts.These characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the process.Two-dimensional MXenes with M_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity,metal-like conductivity,large surface area,and adjustable surface chemistry.Here,we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for MXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water splitting.Furthermore,we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of MXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.展开更多
Understanding how per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)enter aquatic ecosystems is challenging due to the complex interplay of physical,chemical,and biological processes,as well as the influence of hydraulic and h...Understanding how per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)enter aquatic ecosystems is challenging due to the complex interplay of physical,chemical,and biological processes,as well as the influence of hydraulic and hydrological factors and pollution sources at the catchment scale.The spatiotemporal dynamics of PFASs across various media remain largely unknown.Here we show the fate and transport mechanisms of PFASs by integrating monitoring data from an estuarine reservoir in Singapore into a detailed 3D model.This model incorporates hydrological,hydrodynamic,and water quality processes to quantify the distributions of total PFASs,including the major components perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),across water,particulate matter,and sediments within the reservoir.Our results,validated against four years of field measurements with most relative average deviations below 40%,demonstrate that this integrated approach effectively characterizes the occurrence,sources,sinks,and trends of PFASs.The majority of PFASs are found in the dissolved phase(>95%),followed by fractions sorbed to organic particles like detritus(1.0-3.5%)and phytoplankton(1-2%).We also assess the potential risks in both the water column and sediments of the reservoir.The risk quotients for PFOS and PFOA are<0.32 and<0.00016,respectively,indicating an acceptable risk level for PFASs in this water body.The reservoir also exhibits substantial buffering capacity,even with a tenfold increase in external loading,particularly in managing the risks associated with PFOA compared to PFOS.This study not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the fate and transport of surfactant contaminants but also establishes a framework for future research to explore how dominant environmental factors and processes can mitigate emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52078394)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Provincial (No.2020BAB081)。
文摘The present work uses PEO solution to well disperse carbon fiber and identifies percolation thresholds of carbon fiber and carbon black which are used as conductive fillers.The resultant cathode plates have an average compressive strength of 27.3 MPa and flexural strength of 29.09 MPa,which demonstrate excellent mechanical properties.The Cu^(2+)removal efficiency was measured at different current densities in EC process with cement-based cathode plate,while the voltage changes were recorded.The results showed that the cement-based cathode plate operated stably and achieved 99.7%removal of 1 L of simulated wastewater with a Cu^(2+)concentration of 200 ppm at a current density of 8 m A/cm^(2)for 1 h.Characterization of floc and tested cathode plates,SEM and EDS analyses,and repeatability testing of the tested plates demonstrate the reusability of the plates,proving that cement-based plates can effectively replace metal cathode plates,reduce the cost of EC and improve the applicability of EC devices.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872901)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2016YFA0501602)。
文摘Electrocoagulation is progressively becoming an ecologically friendly water treatment method owing to its lack of secondary pollution,high active ingredient concentration,high treatment effectiveness,simple equipment,and simplicity of automated control implementation.Herein,electrocoagulation is offered as a method for treating wastewater containing azo dyes using a revolutionary flexible electronic fabric that can be mass-producible at a reasonable price.A computer-controlled machine embroiders 316L stainless steel fiber(316L SSF)onto an insulating fabric to manufacture a flexible electronic device of cathode and anode with a monopolar arrangement on the fabric surface.Using methyl orange(MO)solution to simulate azo dye wastewater,the decolorization rate of 500 ml MO reached 99.25% under the conditions of 50 mg·L^(-1)initial mass concentration,120 min electrolysis time,15 mA·g^(-1)current density,1 cm electrode spacing,0.1 mol·L^(-1)NaCl,pH 7.6,200 r·min^(-1)rotational speed of the stirrer,and 22-25℃ room temperature.In addition,it is feasible to embroider flexible electronic fabrics with varied sizes and numbers of electrodes based on the amount of treated sewage to increase the degradation rate,which has significant practical application value.
基金the funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42077271)Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.2023YFS0364)Chengdu Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022-YF05-00340-SN).
文摘This paper examines the effect of the microstructure and electrical conductivity(EC)on the swelling ratio and pressure in red-bed mudstone sampled from arid areas in the Xining region in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.A series of laboratory tests,including swelling experiments,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM),was carried out for mechanical and microstructural analysis.The coupled influence of the EC and microstructural parameters on the expansion ratio and pressure was investigated,and the weight coefficients were discussed by the entropy weight method.The results revealed an increasing exponential trend in EC,and the maximum swelling speed occurred at an EC of approximately 10 μS/cm.In addition,a method for predicting the expansion potential is proposed based on the microstructure,and its reliability is verified by comparing with swelling experimental results.In addition,according to the image analysis results,the ranges of the change in the clay minerals content(CMC),the fractal dimension(FD),the average diameter(AD)of pores,and the plane porosity(PP)are 23.75%-53%,1.08-1.17,7.53-22.45 mm,and 0.62%-1.25%,respectively.Moreover,mudstone swelling is negatively correlated with the plane porosity,fractal dimension and average diameter and is linearly correlated with the clay mineral content.Furthermore,the weight values prove that the microstructural characteristics,including FD,AD,and PP,are the main factors influencing the expansion properties of red-bed mudstones in the Xining region.Based on the combination of macro and micro-analyses,a quantitative analysis of the swelling process of mudstones can provide a better reference for understanding the mechanism of expansion behavior.
基金Supported by President Fund Innovation Team Project of Hexi University,No.CXTD2022012Gansu Province Education Technology Innovation Project,No.2023B-163.
文摘BACKGROUND Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a reliable diagnostic procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis with minimal procedure-related trauma.However,complications,such as massive rectal bleeding may occur after the puncture.We hypothesized that using a transrectal resectoscope could help treat massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.AIM To identify a simple and effective treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.METHODS Patients requiring treatment for massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures were included.A SIMAI resectoscope was inserted through the anus.Direct electrocoagulation was performed for superficial bleeding points.Part of the rectal mucosa or surface muscle layer was removed to expose deep bleeding points,followed by electrocoagulation.An electric cutting ring was used to compress and stop the bleeding for jet-like points before electrocoagulation.The fluid color in the drainage tube was monitored postoperatively for continuous bleeding.RESULTS Eight patients were included from 2012 to 2022.None of the patients with massive rectal bleeding after the transrectal prostate punctures improved with conventional conservative and blood transfusion treatments.Two patients had an inferior artery embolism,and digital subtraction angiography was ineffective.All patients received emergency transanal prostate resection,which immediately stopped the bleeding.Four days after the procedure,the patients had recovered and were discharged.CONCLUSION Using a transanal prostate resection instrument is a simple,safe,and effective method for treating massive rectal bleeding after transrectal prostate punctures.
基金the result of a research project conducted with the funds of the Open R&D program of Korea Electric Power Corporation (R23XO04)supported by the Technology Innovation Program funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea) (K_G012002238601)+2 种基金by “Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS)” through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE) (2021RIS-002)by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021M3I3A1082880)by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20224000000320)。
文摘The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse gases.Electrochemical(EC) and photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent decades.To achieve sustainable green H_(2) production,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts.These characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the process.Two-dimensional MXenes with M_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity,metal-like conductivity,large surface area,and adjustable surface chemistry.Here,we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for MXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water splitting.Furthermore,we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of MXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077356 and 42361144719)seventh batch Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Jilin Province(QT202330).
文摘Understanding how per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)enter aquatic ecosystems is challenging due to the complex interplay of physical,chemical,and biological processes,as well as the influence of hydraulic and hydrological factors and pollution sources at the catchment scale.The spatiotemporal dynamics of PFASs across various media remain largely unknown.Here we show the fate and transport mechanisms of PFASs by integrating monitoring data from an estuarine reservoir in Singapore into a detailed 3D model.This model incorporates hydrological,hydrodynamic,and water quality processes to quantify the distributions of total PFASs,including the major components perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),across water,particulate matter,and sediments within the reservoir.Our results,validated against four years of field measurements with most relative average deviations below 40%,demonstrate that this integrated approach effectively characterizes the occurrence,sources,sinks,and trends of PFASs.The majority of PFASs are found in the dissolved phase(>95%),followed by fractions sorbed to organic particles like detritus(1.0-3.5%)and phytoplankton(1-2%).We also assess the potential risks in both the water column and sediments of the reservoir.The risk quotients for PFOS and PFOA are<0.32 and<0.00016,respectively,indicating an acceptable risk level for PFASs in this water body.The reservoir also exhibits substantial buffering capacity,even with a tenfold increase in external loading,particularly in managing the risks associated with PFOA compared to PFOS.This study not only enhances our understanding of the mechanisms influencing the fate and transport of surfactant contaminants but also establishes a framework for future research to explore how dominant environmental factors and processes can mitigate emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
