Removal of natural organic matter in a typical south-China source water during enhanced coagulation with IPF-PACl

Systematic investigation on enhancing removal of natural organic matter （NOM） using inorganic polymer flocculant （IPF）, polyaluminum chloride（PACI） and polyacrylamide（PAM） was performed in a typical south-China source water. Enhanced coagulation and applying polymer flocculant-aid were compared through jar tests and pilot tests. Raw water and settled water were characterized and fractionated by resin adsorption. The results show that DOC composes major part of TOC. The DOC distribution keeps relatively stable all around the year with typical high amounts of the hydrophilic matter around 50%. The distribution between HoB, HoA and HoN varies and undergoes fluctuation with the year round. During the summer season, the HoN becomes gradually the major part in hydrophobic parts. PACI with the species being tailor-made shows little pH effect during coagulation. The enhanced coagulation dosage for PACI could be 4.5 mg/L for the typical source water. The highest TOC removal achieved 31%. To be economically, 3 mg/L dose is the optimum dosage. Although hydrophilic fractions of NOM of both treatment strategies are removed about 30%, NOM causing UV254 absorbance were well removed（about 90%）. Hydrophobic bases and acids fractions are much more removed under enhanced conditions. The hydrophilic fraction could be better removed using PAM, the polymer coagulant aid.

Enhanced-coagulation for algae removal from enrich nourishment water

Presents the effect of enhanced coagulation with a composite chemical containing ferrate upon algae removal with results showing that enhanced coagulation is efficient for algae removal. A comparison made between enhanced coagulation with composite ferrate and conventional pre chlorination, indicates that algae removal efficiency of the former was higher than that of the latter. And the algae removal efficiency can be further improved by extending the time of enhanced coagulation with the composite chemical containing ferrate.

Virus Removal by Iron Coagulation Processes

Waterborne viruses account for 30% to 40% of infectious diarrhea, and some viruses could persevere for some months in nature and move up to 100 m in groundwater. Using filtration setups, coagulation could lessen virus charges as an efficient pre-treatment for reducing viruses. This work discusses the present-day studies on virus mitigation using coagulation in its three versions i.e., chemical coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation, and electrocoagulation (EC), and debates the new results of virus demobilization. The complexity of viruses as bioparticles and the process of virus demobilization should be adopted, even if the contribution of permeability in virus sorption and aggregation needs to be clarified. The information about virion permeability has been evaluated by interpreting empirical electrophoretic mobility (EM). No practical measures of virion permeability exist, a clear link between permeability and virion composition and morphology has not been advanced, and the direct influence of inner virion structures on surface charge or sorption has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. CC setups utilizing zero-valent or ferrous iron could be killed by iron oxidation, possibly using EC and electrooxidation (EO) methods. The oxidants evolution in the iron oxidation method has depicted promising findings in demobilizing bacteriophage MS2, even if follow-up investigations employing an elution method are needed to secure that bacteriophage elimination is related to demobilization rather than sorption. As a perspective, we could be apt to anticipate virus conduct and determine new bacteriophage surrogates following subtle aspects such as protein structures or genome size and conformation. The present discussion’s advantages would extend far beyond an application in CC—from filtration setups to demobilization by nanoparticles to modeling virus fate and persistence in nature.

强化混凝耦合改性沸石过滤处理微污染水

针对南方某市微污染水源水(XJ)低温低浊及氨氮问题,采用烧杯实验及中试动态运行实验进行复合助凝剂强化混凝耦合改性沸石过滤处理低温低浊及氨氮效能研究。结果表明,配置的Fe/Si复合助凝剂在絮凝初期投加时明显提高了低温低浊水的出水水质。复合助凝剂的存在起到良好的吸附架桥作用,提高混凝效果。强化混凝对氨氮去除作用有限,不足10%。改性沸石颗粒(MZK)能够利用离子交换和化学吸附作用显著提高氨氮去除效果,去除率达到83.1%。在连续中试动态运行中,出水浊度基本控制在0.6 NTU;在240 h的运行周期内,MZK对氨氮的去除效果明显优于石英砂,氨氮的平均去除率为77.6%,出水处氨氮浓度均小于0.5 mg/L。强化混凝耦合改性沸石过滤为低温低浊及氨氮的水处理提供了理论基础和技术参考,具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。

DCE-MRI定量参数对类风湿性关节炎的诊断价值及与凝血功能状态的关系探究

目的探讨动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数对类风湿性关节炎的诊断价值及与凝血功能状态的关系。方法选取我院类风湿性关节炎患者80例为观察组,另选取排除类风湿性关节炎诊断的正常关节受检者60例为对照组。比较两组DCE-MRI定量参数[相对增强(RE)、曲线下面积(AUC)、最大相对增强(MRE)、最大强化斜率(Slope_(max))、最大增强(ME)],评价DCE-MRI定量参数对类风湿性关节炎的诊断价值,比较不同预后患者临床资料、DCE-MRI定量参数及凝血功能指标[D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FBG)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)],分析DCE-MRI定量参数及凝血功能指标与临床资料的相关性,DCE-MRI定量参数及凝血功能指标与类风湿性关节炎患者预后的关系,DCE-MRI定量参数与凝血功能指标相关性。结果观察组RE、MRE、ME、Slope_(max)、AUC均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RE、MRE、ME、Slope_(max)、AUC诊断类风湿性关节炎的AUC值分别为0.719、0.767、0.800、0.834、0.814,联合预测AUC值最大为0.928;预后不良患者病程、关节压痛与肿胀指数、疾病活动度、RE、MRE、ME、Slope_(max)、AUC、FBG、D-D、PT、APTT与预后良好患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RE、MRE、ME、Slope_(max)、AUC、FBG、D-D、PT、APTT均与类风湿性关节炎患者病程,关节压痛指数,关节肿胀指数,疾病活动度及预后情况显著相关(P<0.05);RE、MRE、ME、Slope_(max)、AUC均与类风湿性关节炎患者FBG、D-D、PT、APTT呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论DCE-MRI定量参数与类风湿性关节炎凝血功能状态有关,可作为临床诊断类风湿性关节炎诊断、病情评估及预后预测的可靠手段,为临床提供参考依据。

微纳米气泡共混凝工艺下多因素交互作用

为强化微纳米气泡共混凝工艺性能,本文以聚合氯化铝(PACl)、微纳米气泡进气量(Q_(g))以及溶液pH值为影响因素,以沉淀出水中腐殖酸(HA)去除效率和剩余Al^(3+)浓度为响应值,通过Box-Behnken设计(BBD)以及响应面法探究该工艺背景下各因素间的交互作用.实验结果表明,PACl投加量、Q_(g)以及pH值均能够显著影响该工艺对HA的去除效率.但对于沉淀出水中Al^(3+)浓度而言,PACl投加量以及Q_(g)均不会造成显著影响,pH值为该响应值的显著影响因素.与常规混凝工艺相比,混凝过程中微纳米气泡的参与能够显著降低沉淀出水中剩余Al^(3+)浓度,提高混凝过程中PACl的利用效率.对HA去除效率及剩余Al^(3+)浓度的综合评估结果表明,微纳米气泡共混凝工艺更适用于处理pH值为中性的原水.上述结论再次突出了微纳米气泡共混凝工艺的优越性,同时也为该工艺的工程应用提供了可靠的数据支撑和理论支持.

强化混凝对低浊含藻水污染控制研究

针对水源地夏季藻类暴发现象,探究了单独投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)、辅助投加高岭土为助凝剂,以及高锰酸钾(KMnO_(4))预氧化强化混凝3种工艺对稳定生长期内不同藻细胞浓度的低浊含藻水中OD_(680)、UV_(254)、DOC和浊度的去除效果。结果表明,当藻细胞密度为105个/mL时,辅助投加高岭土提高初始浊度至10 NTU后投加10 mg/L PAC对OD_(680)、UV_(254)、DOC的去除效果最佳,分别为96.8%、52.0%、55.1%,且沉淀30 min后出水浊度小于1 NTU;当藻细胞密度为106个/mL时,采用KMnO_(4)预氧化(1.2 mg/L,1.5 h)强化混凝可有效降低PAC投加量(4 mg/L),对OD_(680)、UV_(254)、DOC的去除效果最佳,分别为97.5%、39.3%、25.4%,且沉淀30 min后出水浊度仍小于1 NTU。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,预氧化对藻细胞的损伤较小,外壳出现轻微变化,混凝后对藻细胞的包裹性更强。对于实际低浊含藻水源水,KMnO_(4)预氧化强化混凝工艺对藻类、有机物和浊度的去除效果最优,同时在出水浊度达标情况下可以大幅减少混凝剂使用量。

强化混凝+气浮+臭氧催化氧化+膜分离+MVR蒸发工艺处理气田开发废水

针对气田开发废水组分复杂、有机污染物浓度高、盐度高、色度高、可生化性差等特点,采用强化混凝+气浮分离+臭氧催化氧化+膜分离+MVR蒸发工艺对气田开发废水进行处理。运行结果表明,该组合工艺对气田开发废水降解性能良好,处理效率高,运行稳定,处理出水COD、氯离子、SS、氨氮、石油类分别为20.5、10.8、9.0、1.5、0.7 mg/L,总去除率分别达到99.77%、99.94%、99.68%、98.73%、99.75%,各项水质指标均优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级排放标准要求(其中氯离子质量浓度优于《四川省水污染物排放标准》(DB 51/190-93)一级标准)。

引江水净水厂夏季混凝工艺适用性运行研究

本文以夏季长江水为试验原水,开展工艺适用性小试、中试试验,在当前原水水质条件下,探讨2种不同混凝工艺的水处理效果。试验结果表明,斜管沉淀工艺与脉冲澄清工艺应对引江水均可以达到良好的混凝沉淀效果,可为后一步过滤工艺减轻运行负荷。两种工艺整体除浊效果接近,脉冲澄清工艺对有机物去除效果更好,斜管沉淀工艺应对低浊度原水的适应性更强。同时混凝效果对控制出厂水残余铝有重要作用,控制混凝沉淀出水浊度0.5 NTU以下,可有效控制沉后水残余铝0.15 mg/L以下,保证出厂水残余铝符合国家标准要求。

沉淀—氧化—氨基酸改性聚硅氧烷-聚合硫酸铝铁增强混凝组合工艺处理冶炼烟气制酸废水研究及工业试验

以钾明矾、硫酸亚铁、双氧水和氨基酸改性聚硅氧烷(MPS)为主要原料,采用超声辅助法制备复合混凝剂——氨基酸改性聚硅氧烷-聚合硫酸铝铁(MPSPAFS),研究了MPSPAFS中MPS质量分数和MPSPAFS投加量对冶炼烟气制酸废水处理效果的影响。同时,针对某铅锌冶炼厂冶炼烟气制酸废水深度处理的需求,采用沉淀—氧化—MPSPAFS增强混凝组合工艺技术开展了冶炼烟气制酸废水处理工业试验。结果表明,在MPSPAFS中MPS最佳质量分数(0.3%)、MPSPAFS最佳投加量(80 mg/L)下,对冶炼烟气制酸废水中COD、SS、Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu、Hg、Cr和As的去除率分别为80.3%、95.1%、88.9%、86.4%、84.7%、83.3%、82.1%、79.5%、38.2%和36.4%。工业试验运行结果表明,系统出水各项指标均达到《铅、锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB 25466—2010)的标准。

磁性载体强化混凝和磁力旋流澄清池组合工艺的中试试验研究

以磁铁矿粉为原料,采用球磨混合和表面酸反应“一步法”生产工艺制备得到磁性载体,经表征分析,磁性载体保持了良好的磁响应性,表层生成羟基硫酸铁活性组分,相比磁铁矿粉,磁性载体BET表面积增加到了2.8倍、Langmuir表面积增加到了6.9倍,在混凝过程中能够强化对水中污染物的混凝吸附作用。通过40 t/d处理规模磁力旋流澄清中试试验系统,比较了混凝沉淀、磁混凝沉淀和磁性载体强化混凝三个过程,用磁性载体替代PAC和磁铁矿粉混合投加的磁混凝过程后,出水COD平均为34.7 mg/L,出水总磷平均为0.30 mg/L,与磁混凝过程对COD和总磷的去除率接近,表明磁性载体强化混凝能够实现磁混凝的出水目标,其污泥产量更少、运行管理更方便。

FLOCCULATION/COAGULATION OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER FOR PRETREATMENT OF WATER ANDWASTE WATER

Characterization of water, waste water and natural organic matter are involved in this paper, and as well as the features of flocculation and coagulation for removing natural organic matter from water and waste water Novel flocculant and coagualant is strongly asked for improving removal efficiency and environment friendly. Enhanced coagulation is introduced to meet the experimental and practical requirement.

Large Eddy Simulation of the Particle Coagulation in High Concentration Particle-Laden Planar Jet Flow

Particle coagulation by Brownian motion is an important but difficult research topic.When particle volume concentration is larger than 0.1%,the classic SMOLUCHOWSKI equation is not applicative anymore.The high concentration coagulation,with HEINE＇s correction,source terms for the Taylor-series expansion method of moments（TEMOM） are firstly driven in this paper.Ultra-fine particle（d0？100 mm） with initial volume fraction f？1% coagulation in a planar jet turbulence flow is simulated via the large eddy simulation（LES）.The instantaneous and time-averaged particle distributions and the high concentration enhancement are given out.The particle number concentration distribution results show that the coagulation is more intense comparing to dilute case in previous research,especially near the nozzle exit.After jet flow is fully developed,the effect is much more obvious at the region between vortexes.The time-averaged γ（the high concentration enhance factor） distributes sharply and symmetrically about the jet centerline at the upstream,but becomes broad and flat at downstream where the cross-stream averaged γ fluctuates drastically.As a new attempt,this paper shows Brownian coagulation with high concentration also can be calculated via TEMOM appropriately,and the coagulation at the region between vortexes is about 1.38 times intensive of the dilute result calculated by the classic Smoluchowski theory.

Comparative study on combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites with chlorine and preozonation for enhancing coagulation

Comparative pilot tests were conducted to investigate the coagulation-aid effects of the combined preoxidation by potassium permanganate composites （PPC） with chlorine and preozonation. And the synergistie mechanism of combined preoxidation was discussed. Results showed that 1.0 mg/L PPC with 2. 0 mg/L chlorine could further improve the quality of treated water, as indicated by residual turbidity, TOC and algae. The enhanced efficiency could be explained by the synergistic effect of the preoxidants themselves, or the effect of chlorine and the intermediate such as hydrous manganese dioxide, which was generated by potassium permanga- nate, the main ingredient of PPC.

The Application of KMnO_4 Pre-oxidation in Emergency Treatment of High-algae Source Water

Mobile emergency pilot water plant was used to carry out pilot study of KMnO4 pre-oxidation enhanced coagulation treating high-algae source water. Research showed that the optimal dosages of coagulant and KMnO4 in the process were 6 and 0. 4- 0. 6 mg / L respectively. Under the dosage,removal rate of water turbidity after precipitation rose by 11% than simple coagulation,and removal rate of algae rose by 15%. Removal rates of total amount of odor and GSM by the process were respectively 73% and 59%. The removal rate of total amount of algae by KMnO4 preoxidation was 40%,and removal effect of THM precursors was obvious.

高效多功能纳米混凝剂的分子设计,作用机理与产业化

项目组针对水处理领域,复杂源水水质及复合污染情况下,传统水处理混凝工艺对微细污染物去除效率低、处理处置综合成本高等问题,在揭示传统混凝药剂形态转化过程及其理化特征演变基础上,通过分子结构设计优化及功能性化学组分的引入,开发了强化电中和效应的高电荷纳米药剂,优化絮体形态的无机-有机复配药剂,提高有机物去除的吸附-混凝耦合药剂等一系列多功能强化混凝新型药剂,构建了针对不同水体的多级絮体的形成与调控、反应过程的优化与监控体系,实现对不同复合污染特征水体的优化混凝技术的个性化设计,形成优化混凝-深度过滤耦合技术体系,有效提升了微细污染物的去除效果。项目所研发的高效多功能纳米混凝药剂与技术成功应用于145个水处理项目,服务人口6685.5万人,效益显著。

基于ERAS理念的静脉血栓栓塞症预防方案在肝癌围手术期的应用

目的 探究基于加速康复外科(ERAS)理念的静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)预防方案在肝癌手术患者围手术期的应用效果。方法 选取2020年6月至2021年12月146例原发性肝癌行择期手术的住院患者作为观察对象,按区组随机化法分为观察组和对照组,每组73例。观察组采用围手术期VTE预防方案进行干预,对照组采用传统围手术期管理方案进行干预。比较两组患者术后排便时间、通气时间、住院时间、住院费用、再入院率情况差异;比较两组术后第1、3天患者疼痛和睡眠质量情况;比较两组术后第3天凝血功能[血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血浆抗凝血酶原Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)]水平差异;比较两组术后1个月内VTE发生风险。结果 观察组患者术后排便时间[(73.48±13.39)h vs (98.27±15.04)h]、通气时间[(51.68±10.27) vs (62.72±13.81)h]、住院时间[(9.21±1.20)d vs (11.42±1.25)d]、住院费用[(3.09±0.33)万元vs (3.79±0.42)万元]均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组再入院率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后第3天NRS评分[(2.32±0.52)分vs (2.74±0.58)分]和PSQI评分[(0.67±0.32)分vs (0.89±0.34)分]均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),AT-Ⅲ水平明显高于对照组[(85.49±12.32)%vs(81.38±11.65)%,P<0.05];术后观察组VTE中危及以上发生风险低于对照组(50.68%vs 67.12%,P<0.05)。结论 基于ERAS理念的VTE预防方案能够加快肝癌患者术后康复,降低VTE发生风险,减轻患者经济负担。

净水厂沉淀池排泥水直接回用的可行性研究

对沉淀池排泥水不经过静沉直接回用进行了研究,通过检测直接回用后出水水质的常规指标pH、浊度、氨氮和有机物指标CODMn、UV_(254)以及金属指标铝、铁、锰,同时运用Zeta电位和颗粒粒径分布分析,探究了排泥水直接回用的安全性,并且对排泥水直接回用的经济效益进行了分析。结果表明,排泥水直接回用可以增强混凝的效果;回用后CODMn不会超标,并且有较好的去除效果,但对UV_(254)影响不大,不会改变原水中溶解性物质的分类;沉后水的浊度、氨氮、铝、铁、锰在合适的回流比下均符合出水水质标准。在控制回流比情况下直接回用排泥水,实现保护环境和节能减排双重目标。

加速康复外科管理模式下全髋置换患者的血液指标分析

目的探讨加速康复外科管理模式对初次全髋关节置换术后患者血液指标的影响。方法选取江苏大学附属医院2021年6月—2022年1月入院的初次髋关节置换患者进行回顾性研究,ERAS组43例,围手术期采用加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)管理模式。对照组43例,围手术期采用传统的诊疗常规方案管理。比较ERAS组与对照组术前及术后白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白、D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白、红细胞等相关血液指标。结果ERAS组在术后1、3 d的Hb、总蛋白、白蛋白显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。ERAS组在术后3 d的白细胞、CRP、D-二聚体显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ERAS管理模式能减少初次髋关节置换患者围手术期失血量,能够促进患者早期康复进程,对凝血系统重新达到稳态有促进作用。

磁混凝技术在水处理领域中的研究与应用进展

系统总结磁混凝加载作用机理、磁种理化性质以及水处理工程应用现状,针对工程应用中出现溶解性有机物去除难、磁种吸附性低、药剂运行成本的问题,研究强化磁混凝技术,技术包括:磁种改性(磁性絮凝剂、磁性吸附剂)、磁混凝耦合技术,分析不同强化磁混凝技术优劣势和技术应用中存在的难点,总结出纳米磁性材料(粒径50~200 nm)、耦合技术是强化技术的发展方向,未来研发应着重进行特异性磁种机理研究,制备廉价、高稳定性、吸附性的纳米磁性材料,耦合技术推广应用以及超导磁分离设备的研发。