Innovative Group-Decoupling Design of a Segment Erector Based on G_F Set Theory

The segment erector is a key part of the shield machines for tunnel engineering. The available segment erectors are all of serial configuration which is suffering from the problems of low rigidity and accumulative motion errors. The current research mainly focuses on improving assembly accuracy and control performance of serial segment erectors. An innovative design method is proposed featuring motion group-decoupling, based on which a new type of segment erector is developed and investigated. Firstly, the segment installation manipulation is analyzed and decomposed into three motion groups that are decoupled. Then the type synthesis for the 4-DOF motion group is performed based on the general function（GF） set theory and a new configuration of （1T？1R？1PS3UPS） is attained according to the segment manipulation requirements. Consequently, the kinematic models are built and the reducibility and accuracy are analyzed. The dexterity is verified though numerical simulation and no singular points appear in the workspace. Finally, a positioning experiment is carried out by using the prototype developed in the lab that demonstrates a 13.1% improvement of positioning accuracy and the feasibility of the new segment erector. The presented group-decoupling design method is able to invent new type of hybrid segment erectors that avoid the accumulative motion error of erecting.

Erector Spinae Plane Block Combined with Serratus Anterior Plane Block Versus Thoracic Paravertebral Block for Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery After Thoracoscopic Surgery:A Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Clinical Trial

Objective This study aimed to compare the postoperative analgesia and recovery of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block combined with serratus anterior plane block(ESPB combined with SAPB)versus thoracic paravertebral block(PVB)after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods Ninety-two patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)were randomly divided into group S(n=46)and group P(n=46).After anesthesia induction,the same anesthesiologist performed ultrasound-guided ESPB at T5 and T7 levels combined with SAPB at the level of the fifth rib in the midaxillary line in group S and ultrasound-guided PVB at T5 and T7 levels in group P.Patients in both groups were given 40 mL of 0.4%ropivacaine.Eighty-six patients completed the study(group S,n=44;group P,n=42).The morphine consumption,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and coughing,and frequency of remedial analgesia were recorded at 1,2,4,8,and 24 h postoperatively.Pulmonary function parameters were recorded at 1,4,and 24 h postoperatively,and the quality of recovery(QoR)-15 score at 24 h postoperatively.The adverse effects,duration of chest tube drainage and length of stay were also recorded.Results The morphine consumption at postoperative 4 and 8 h and the incidence of ipsilateral shoulder pain(ISP)were significantly lower in group S than in group P.The QoR-15 questionnaire score at postoperative 24 h was significantly lower in group P than in group S(P<0.05).The morphine consumption was lower at 24 h postoperatively in group S than in group P,with no significant difference found yet.The morphine consumption at other observed times,VAS scores,pulmonary function parameters,frequency of remedial analgesia,duration of chest tube drainage,length of stay,and incidence of other adverse events were comparable between group S and group P.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ESPB combined with SAPB is non-inferior to PVB in terms of morphine consumption at postoperative 24 h and postoperative recovery.But,this approach can significantly reduce morphine consumption in the early postoperative period(0–8 h)after thoracoscopy with lower incidence of ISP.It is a simpler and safer operation.

Erector spinae plane block at lower thoracic level for analgesia in lumbar spine surgery: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery usually suffer severe pain in the postoperative period.The erector spinae plane block(ESPB),first published in 2016,can anesthetize the ventral and dorsal rami of thoracic nerves and produce an extensive multi-dermatomal sensory block.AIM To assess whether bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at a lower thoracic level could improve pain control and quality of recovery in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.METHODS A total of 60 patients aged 18-80 years scheduled to undergo lumbar spine surgery with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups:ESPB group(preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB at T10 vertebral level)and control group(no preoperative ESPB).Both groups received standard general anesthesia.The main indicator was the duration to the first patient controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)bolus.RESULTS In the ESPB group,the duration to the first PCIA bolus was significantly longer than that in the control group(h)[8.0(4.5,17.0)vs 1.0(0.5,6),P<0.01],and resting and coughing numerical rating scale(NRS)scores at 48 h post operation were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding resting and coughing NRS scores at 24 h post operation.Sufentanil consumption during the operation was significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the control group(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding morphine consumption at 24 or 48 h post operation.In the ESPB group,Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score within 20 min after extubation was higher and duration in the post-anesthesia care unit was shorter than those in the control group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery,ultrasound-guided ESPB at a lower thoracic level improves the analgesic effect,reduces opioid consumption,and improves postoperative recovery.

Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block with Costotransverse Ligament Puncture Is More Effective than Erector Spinae Block Alone;Eight Cases for Oncologic Breast Surgery;A Brief Technical Report

Objectives: Due to the complex breast innervation, postoperative analgesia after breast surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The erector spinae plane block (ESP) is a newly defined promising technique for this purpose. Since the description by Forero, ultrasound-guided erector spinae block (ESP) has performed for several surgeries for postoperative analgesia. Many regional methods pectoral nerve block (PECs), serratus plane block (SPB), were described in the literature for maintaining postoperative analgesia. Among all these regional anesthesia techniques, paravertebral block (PVB) is the most studied and found to be a valid regional technique for this purpose. Due to its anatomic proximity to the pleura and central neuraxial system, it’s also one of the most challenging techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 37 and 47 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and scheduled for elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery without axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to this case series. In this report, we describe a novel combination of ESP and simplified PVB block and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery. In our clinic, ESP block is performed for all oncological breast cases. Eight cases of MRM without axillary dissection were randomly selected by the same anesthesiologist (AS). 15 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscles and the transverse process at the level of the 4th thoracal vertebra with the caudo-cranial approach. Additionally, the needle tip was directed to T4 superior costotransverse ligament, and the ligament was perforated at the top point where it attaches to the T4 transverse process. Results: The ESP block is used for a local anesthetic depot, as a safe and straightforward technique and costotransverse ligament puncture facilitates diffusion and ensures local anesthetic passage to the paravertebral area for thoracic postsurgical analgesia. Using lower doses, comparing this combination with all studies with ESP, it appears that there are a better Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores in the first postoperative hours. NPRS scores at the 12th and 24th hours appear to be similar to those performed in ESP without costotransverse ligament puncture. Conclusion: We submit the first description of a novel combination of ESP block and simplified paravertebral block (PVB) and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery.

Erector Spinae Plane Block for Open and Laparoscopic Liver Surgery: Two Case Reports

Epidural analgesia has long been regarded as the gold standard in abdominal surgery. However, concerns regarding risks associated with central neuraxial blockade, catheter placement and the presence of coagulopathy in patients undergoing liver resection have limited its use. Bilateral erector spinae plane blocks and catheter placement may mimic the effects of epidural analgesia by blocking both somatic and visceral pain while concomitantly avoiding central neuraxial blockade and catheter placement. We describe our experience in using the erector spinae plane block and catheter placement as part of a multimodal analgesia approach in a patient undergoing laparoscopic and another patient undergoing open liver resection. Our findings concur with previous reports which suggest that erector spinae plane blocks may be more efficacious as somatic rather than visceral analgesia. However, we conclude that further studies on factors affecting its efficacy should be conducted in view of the present lack of researched evidence.

Erector Spinae Plane Block for Mastectomy and Breast Flap Reconstructive Surgery: A Three Case Series

Uncontrolled pain after breast surgery can have early to chronic repercussions. The repertoire of pre-emptive opioid-sparing analgesic options includes regional blocks such as paravertebral blocks to myofascial blocks and more recently the Erector Spinae (ESP) block. Case 1 demonstrates the ESP block as an easy and conveniently performed post-operative rescue block for a patient who still experienced uncontrolled pain despite a combination of myofascial blocks and systemic analgesics. Case 2 and 3 demonstrate the advantage of providing an extensive coverage of surgical field in breast reconstruction surgery covering variable donor sites. It was due to the extent of coverage, that allowed the placement of ESP block catheter distantly without interrupting the surgical site. Post operative prolongation of pain relief was also successful by titrating analgesia via intermittent boluses. In our case series, the ESP block consistently and safely provided satisfactory pain relief for breast reconstruction surgery. It can be a viable option for peri-operative analgesia compared to other more invasive or less extensive alternatives.

Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Surgery

Background: In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated patients who underwent elective lumbar stenosis surgery between February 1, 2019, and April 1, 2019. Patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis under general anesthesia alone were compared with those who underwent general anesthesia combined with erector spinae plane block. Aims: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate whether erector spinae plane block reduced opioid consumption following surgery for spinal stenosis. Study Design: A retrospective observational study. Methods: We collected data on the pain scores, time for the first requirement for patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol, the cumulative patient-controlled analgesia dose, requirement for rescue analgesia, time to first stand up postoperatively and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Results: Sixty patients were included in the study. The numerical rating scale’s pain scores were significantly lower in the erector spinae plane group at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours than in the general anesthesia group. The cumulative dose of patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol was higher in the general anesthesia group than in the ESP group [212.0 (6.6) mg, vs. 107.3 (36.9 mg), (p <0.001)]. The time to first stand up after surgery was significantly longer in the general anesthesia group (p = 0.011). Conclusion: ESP block appear to be an effective method to relieve pain after lumbar surgery.

Liposomal Bupivacaine in Erector Spinae Plane Block and Interscalene Block for Scapular and Proximal Humerus Resections

Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel fascial plane block that was first described in 2016. It is considered an alternative for brachial plexus blocks in shoulder surgeries as the erector spinae muscle extends to the cervical level. Herein, we present a successful multilevel ESPB plus an interscalene block using liposomal bupivacaine in a 45-year-old female patient with metastatic sarcoma who presented for scapula and proximal humerus resection. The post-operative course was smooth, and the patient was discharged home on post-operative day 2 with minimal narcotic requirements.

退行性和峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者椎旁肌肉组织退变的影像学比较

背景:现有研究已对退行性腰椎滑脱患者与健康人群椎旁肌肉退变程度的差异进行了比较,但还缺乏不同腰椎滑脱症种类之间影像参数差异的比较研究。目的:探讨峡部裂性腰椎滑脱与退行性腰椎滑脱患者在椎旁肌肉组织退变方面的差异,以及与腰背痛症状的相关性。方法:对2019年2月至2023年8月在徐州医科大学附属医院治疗的107例腰椎滑脱患者进行回顾性分析,根据滑脱类型将患者分为2组,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱组39例,退行性腰椎滑脱组68例。对比分析两组患者椎旁肌组织影像学参数情况以及腰背痛目测类比评分,依据目测类比评分,将两组患者分别分为目测类比评分≤45 mm和>45 mm两个亚组,分析目测类比评分差异与椎旁肌肉组织退变参数的关系。结果与结论:①退行性腰椎滑脱组患者多裂肌的脂肪浸润百分比高于峡部裂性腰椎滑脱组(P=0.003);②两组腰背痛目测类比评分≤45 mm的患者多裂肌脂肪浸润百分比低于腰背痛目测类比评分>45 mm患者(P=0.021,P<0.001);③峡部裂性腰椎滑脱组还表现出腰背痛目测类比评分≤45 mm的患者竖脊肌脂肪浸润百分比低于腰背痛目测类比评分>45 mm患者(P=0.002);④结果显示,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者和退行性腰椎滑脱患者在椎旁肌肉组织退化方面存在显著差异,且退行性腰椎滑脱患者相比峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者展现出更为严重的椎旁肌退化;此外,两组腰椎滑脱患者中,疼痛较严重者的多裂肌脂肪浸润程度相对较高。

Intermittent erector spinae plane block as a part of multimodal analgesia after open nephrectomy

To the Editor:Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been reported to provide effective analgesia for various indications, including thoracic and breast surgery.[1] To the best of our knowledge, there is no case in which the ESPB provide postoperative analgesia in open nephrectomy except for one pediatric patient.[2] We report a case in which intermittent ESPB provides effective pain control as a part of multimodal analgesia after open nephrectomy.

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对多发肋骨骨折患者术后早期呼吸功能的影响

目的探讨超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)对多发肋骨骨折(MRFs)患者术后早期呼吸功能和炎性因子的影响。方法选择2019年2月至2021年12月择期行多发肋骨骨折手术患者58例,男42例,女16例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18.5~30.0 kg/m^(2),ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组:ESPB联合全身麻醉组(E组)和单纯全身麻醉组(G组),每组29例。E组于麻醉诱导后在侧卧位下实施超声引导下ESPB,给予0.5%罗哌卡因0.4 ml/kg。记录麻醉诱导前、出PACU时、术后24、48 h的用力肺活量(FVC)、动脉血气分析、静息和咳嗽时VAS疼痛评分。记录术后0~24 h、24~48 h的PCIA有效按压次数和补救镇痛情况。记录麻醉诱导前、术后24、48 h的IL-6和TNF-α浓度。结果与G组比较,E组出PACU时、术后24、48 h的FVC明显增大(P<0.05),PaCO_(2)、静息和咳嗽时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05)。与G组比较,E组术后0~24 h、24~48 h的PCIA有效按压次数和补救镇痛率明显降低(P<0.05)。与G组比较,E组术后24、48 h的IL-6和TNF-α浓度明显降低(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下ESPB可为MRFs患者提供良好的术后镇痛,促进术后早期呼吸功能的恢复。

竖脊肌平面阻滞在老年胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者中的应用效果

目的分析竖脊肌平面阻滞在老年胸腔镜肺叶切除术中的应用效果。方法选取2021年2月—2023年3月胜利油田中心医院行胸腔镜肺叶切除术的98例患者,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组49例。研究组给予竖脊肌平面阻滞联合无阿片类药物全身麻醉,对照组给予阿片类全身麻醉。比较两组T_(0)(麻醉诱导前)、T_(1)(气管插管时)、T_(2)(切皮时)、T_(3)(手术结束)的平均动脉压、心率,对比两组手术情况、术后疼痛、苏醒期间躁动情况及药物不良反应情况。结果两组T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)的平均动脉压比较,结果:(1)不同时间点的平均动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组平均动脉压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)两组平均动脉压的变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)时刻心率比较,结果:(1)不同时间点的心率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)两组心率的变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后苏醒时间、拔管时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后4、12、24和48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点的VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)两组VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组低于对照组,相对镇痛效果较好;(3)两组VAS评分的变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论竖脊肌平面阻滞用于老年胸腔镜肺叶切除术安全可行,可避免使用阿片类药物,并可减轻术后疼痛,降低苏醒期躁动发生风险,减少围手术期不良反应,有利于患者快速康复。

腹腔镜胃癌根治术后应用不同剂量布比卡因竖脊肌平面阻滞的镇痛效果

目的:比较腹腔镜胃癌根治术后应用不同剂量布比卡因竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)的镇痛效果。方法:选取2019年12月至2022年12月于新乡市中心医院行ESPB腹腔镜胃癌根治术的患者,其中45例(研究1组)采用30 mL 0.25%(质量分数)布比卡因,与研究1组性别、年龄、分期等资料匹配的45例(研究2组)采用20 mL 0.25%布比卡因。记录两组ESPB后2(T1)、4(T2)、8(T3)、12(T4)、24(T5)、48(T6)h时疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后24 h曲马多使用率、镇痛泵按压次数和术后24 h镇痛满意度,术后不良反应发生情况。结果:静息和咳嗽状态下两组患者VAS评分均随时间延长先升高后降低;研究1组静息状态下T2~T6、咳嗽状态下T1~T6的VAS评分均低于研究2组(P<0.05)。研究1组术后镇痛满意度评分高于研究2组(P<0.05),曲马多使用率、镇痛泵按压次数低于研究2组(P<0.05)。研究1组和2组恶心呕吐、眩晕、胸闷、瘙痒等总不良反应发生率分别为31.1%和35.6%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术后30 mL 0.25%布比卡因ESPB的镇痛效果更为理想。

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞麻醉与硬膜外麻醉用于无痛分娩的效果和安全性比较

目的:比较无痛分娩镇痛中超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞麻醉(ESPB)与硬膜外麻醉的效果及安全性。方法:回顾性选取2022年6月至2023年6月入院的80例产妇,参考麻醉方式的不同分为A组(ESPB,40例)与B组(硬膜外麻醉,40例);比较两组产妇的第一产程、第二产程,新生儿Apgar评分(出生时、出生后5min),产妇不良反应(头痛、恶心呕吐、瘙痒、发热)与镇痛前、分娩完成时数字评定量表(NRS)评分。结果:产程:A、B组产妇第一产程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组第二产程短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Apgar评分:A、B组新生儿出生时、出生后5min Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良反应:A、B组产妇不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NRS评分:镇痛前,两组产妇NRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);分娩完成时,两组产妇的NRS评分均明显低于镇痛前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组分娩完成时的NRS评分均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无痛分娩镇痛中超声引导下ESPB麻醉与硬膜外麻醉均具有良好效果,安全性高,且超声引导下ESPB麻醉可进一步缩短产妇第二产程时间,止痛效果更佳。

竖脊肌平面阻滞联合胸神经阻滞治疗胸背部带状疱疹后神经痛的疗效观察

目的探讨竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)联合胸神经阻滞(pectoralis nerves block,PECS)治疗带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia,PHN)的疗效及安全性。方法选取2022年8月至2023年7月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院疼痛科治疗的78例PHN患者,其中男18例、女60例,年龄45~83岁,平均(64±19)岁。38例采用胸椎旁神经阻滞联合皮损区局部神经阻滞(对照组),男11例、女27例,体质量(68.5±8.2)kg,病程5(3,11.8)个月,合并糖尿病8例(21.1%);40例采用ESPB+PECS(观察组),男7例、女33例,体质量(65.7±4.3)kg,病程4.5(3,10.5)个月,合并糖尿病7例(17.5%)。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评估治疗前和治疗后4周时患者的疼痛程度及情绪状态。结果观察组治疗4周后,VAS评分较治疗前显著降低[1(1,2)比7.5(7,8),P<0.001],SDS评分较治疗前显著降低[53(53,53)比55(53,57),P<0.001]。观察组治疗后VAS评分与扩散节段呈负相关(r=-0.3416,P=0.031)。对照组局部出血23例(60.5%),血气胸4例(10.5%);观察组局部出血3例(7.5%),无血气胸病例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ESPB联合PECS治疗PHN安全性较高、治疗效果显著、操作简便,值得临床推广。

竖脊肌平面阻滞在老年全麻髋部手术中的应用效果

目的探讨老年人全麻髋部手术前行L_(4)横突竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)减轻围术期疼痛和应激从而减少阿片类药用量和提高术后苏醒质量的效果。方法选择2023年1~12月65岁及以上单侧髋关节手术60例,按随机数字表法分为2组(n=30),阻滞组诱导前在超声引导下于L_(4)横突水平行ESPB(局麻药为0.3%罗哌卡因0.5 ml/kg),对照组未行ESPB。2组均采用喉罩全麻,诱导、麻醉维持方法一致。使用数字评价量表(Numerical Rating Scale,NRS)评价术后8、24 h疼痛程度,记录术后24 h内镇痛泵按压次数;观察2组术中各时点血流动力学变化;记录手术结束至患者完全苏醒时间、拔除喉罩时间;记录术中和麻醉后恢复室(Postanesthesia Care Unit,PACU)的阿片类药物使用量;记录术后躁动、恶心呕吐、头晕发生率及苏醒质量评分。结果术后8、24 h静息及运动疼痛NRS评分阻滞组均明显低于对照组,24 h镇痛泵按压次数阻滞组明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。切皮后20 min阻滞组平均动脉压低于对照组[(87.2±15.5)mm Hg vs.(96.7±16.9)mm Hg,P=0.026]。阻滞组舒芬太尼用量、瑞芬太尼用量、使用乌拉地尔例数均明显少于对照组[12.5(10.0,14.0)μg vs.12.5(12.5,17.5)μg,P=0.041;270(100,400)μg vs.600(448,800)μg,P<0.001;1例vs.11例,P=0.001]。入麻醉后恢复室30 min的Steward苏醒评分阻滞组明显高于对照组[6(5,6)分vs.5(4,5)分,P<0.001]。术后躁动、恶心呕吐、头晕2组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前L_(4)横突水平行ESPB可降低术后24 h内疼痛评分,减少老年髋部手术术中、术后阿片类药用量,提高术后苏醒质量。

竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者超声四肢动脉血流动力学及生化应激指标的影响

目的探讨竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者超声四肢动脉血流动力学及生化应激指标的影响。方法将120例行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗的患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组60例。研究组术中采用竖脊肌平面阻滞,对照组采用常规麻醉措施。比较2组不同时点[麻醉诱导前(T_(0))、术后拔管后(T_(1))、术后拔出引流管(T_(2))]的肺功能指标[呼气峰流速(PEFR)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))]、超声四肢动脉血流动力学指标(收缩期最大流速、舒张期最低流速、平均流速、动脉搏动指数以及动脉阻力指数)、应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)以及促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)]、镇痛效果。结果2组T_(1)、T_(2)时FEV_(1)、FVC、PEFR均低于T_(0)时,且研究组T_(1)、T_(2)时FEV_(1)、FVC、PEFR均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组T_(1)、T_(2)时收缩期最大流速、动脉阻力指数均低于T_(0)时,舒张期最低流速、平均流速、动脉搏动指数均高于T_(0)时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组T_(1)、T_(2)时收缩期最大流速、动脉阻力指数均高于对照组,但舒张期最低流速、平均流速、动脉搏动指数均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组T_(2)时Cor、ACTH、AngⅡ、NE高于T_(0)时,且研究组T_(2)时Cor、ACTH、AngⅡ、NE均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组Prince-Henry疼痛评分、有效按压次数、实际按压次数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胸腔镜下肺叶切除术中应用竖脊肌平面阻滞的四肢动脉血流动力学及生化应激指标波动较小,麻醉效果较好。

竖脊肌平面阻滞对胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术后早期恢复及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的观察全身麻醉联合超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(ESPB)对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者术后早期恢复质量及NK细胞、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞水平的影响。方法选择雅安市人民医院2021年8—12月行择期单侧胸腔镜肺叶切除术的90例肺癌患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(行单纯全身麻醉)和试验组(行全身麻醉联合ESPB),每组45例。记录两组患者一般情况、手术时间、出血量及瑞芬太尼用量;记录两组患者在入手术室(T0)、切皮(T1)、手术开始后10 min(T2)和拔管时(T3)的心率和平均动脉压;采用恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40)评估两组患者术后24 h恢复质量;比较术前和术后24 h两组患者NK细胞及CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)T细胞水平。结果与对照组比较,试验组术中瑞芬太尼泵用量明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组在T0、T1、T2、T3时心率和平均动脉压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h试验组身体舒适度、疼痛评分及NK细胞、CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)T细胞水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下ESPB可减少胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者术中阿片类药物用量,减轻术后疼痛,改善患者术后细胞免疫功能,促进患者术后早期恢复。

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞对脊柱侧弯患儿术后早期康复质量的影响

目的探讨超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block,ESPB)对青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患儿行后路脊柱融合(posterior spine fusion,PSF)术后早期恢复的影响。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,选取首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院择期行PSF手术的50例患儿作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为ESPB组和对照组(C组),每组25例。记录患儿术前和术后24 h康复质量(quality of recovery,QoR)-15评分、术后24 h疼痛评分、镇痛药物用量、首次下床活动时间以及进食、进水时间。结果两组一般情况和术前QoR-15评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ESPB组和C组术后24 h QoR-15评分分别为(110.5±12.3)分和(99.0±13.6)分,ESPB组显著高于C组(P=0.003)。两组术后麻醉恢复室停留时间[ESPB组(18.6±4.5)min比C组(25.1±7.4)min,P<0.001]、首次下床活动时间[ESPB组(38.8±5.2)h比C组(43.6±5.3)h,P=0.002]、饮水时间[ESPB组2(1,2)h比C组2(2,4)h,P<0.001]和进食时间[ESPB组(12.6±4.5)h比C组(18.1±5.5)h,P<0.001]差异均有统计学意义。ESPB组患儿术后24 h疼痛评分曲线下面积(59.6±12.1)显著高于C组(81.7±10.8),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);ESPB组和C组患儿术后第1日镇痛泵按压次数分别为(18.1±5.5)次和(25.4±6.7)次,补救镇痛药物地佐辛用量分别为4.5(3.0,6.0)mg和6.0(4.5,10.0)mg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿术后并发症和住院时长差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ESPB用于PSF患儿可缓解术后疼痛,提高术后早期康复质量。

竖脊肌平面阻滞的围术期应用进展

由Forero等提出的竖脊肌平面阻滞(erector spinae plane block, ESPB)技术因其操作简单、安全性高、效果可靠、并发症少等优势而受到关注。目前已成功应用于围术期的麻醉管理。本综述主要介绍了ESPB的解剖基础、可能的作用机制、常用的操作方法以及围术期的临床应用,并从ESPB的优缺点与可能出现的并发症出发,为医师在围术期对ESPB的选择与ESPB未来发展提供证据支持。