HOW TO APPRAISE THE STATE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION TODAY?

As a prelude to the yearlong EU Intergovernmental Conference(IGC),theTurin summit of the EU held late March has once again evoked heated discussionson Europe’s integration among press and academic circles both at home andabroad.The idealists among them are grumbling that the pace of the integration

The Inspiration of European Integration to Asia-Pacific Regional Cooperation

The two different developing trends in current Asia are in sharp contrast with each other. One is relying on military means to solve regional conflicts, the other is coordinating and stabilizing inter-state relations through economic integration. The latter is undoubtedly the target to be sought after. Summarizing Europe’s experience is conducive to reaching the goal.

IMPACTED BY RIGHT-WING POPULISM, WITHER EUROPEAN INTEGRATION?

2017 is an election year for Europe,also a year on which hinges the destiny of Europe.In view of the general rise of right-wing populist parties in the EU,there have been concerns if another'black swan'would fly out of the general elections of the Netherland,France and Germany.To date,the Dutch and French

New Changes in Germany s Leading Role in the European Union

For a long time, Germany played a leading role in the European Union(EU), but in recent years it has reduced its investment in the EU affairs and lessened its enthusiasm for European integration due to its multiple frustrations in maintaining the unity of the EU and leading the EU in global affairs. As a result, its leading role in the EU is apparently on the decline. This change has taken place for the following reasons: internally,it derives from Germany’s domestic political dilemma, changes in its social ecology, and structural defects in its economy;externally, it relates closely to the intensifying interest divides between EU member states, and the major-country global-scale game that is entering a new phase for which Germany is not yet ready. The decline of Germany’s leading role in the EU will intensify rivalry between EU member states, impede the process of European integration, and cause further setbacks to the EU’s global standing. Nonetheless, Germany is aware of this, and is now engaging in profound reflection and active adjustment. Accordingly, the German engine is expected to restart.

The Francization of the European Union and Its Implications

In recent years,the European Union(EU)has shown an obvious trend toward French sensibilities in terms of integration,economic development concept,and strategic culture.First,the monetary policies of the eurozone and the fiscal policies of the EU have become more redistributive in nature,reflecting the solidarity ideals of France.Second,France’s deep-rooted“economic patriotism”is translating more into industrial policy and protectionism at the EU level.Third,the French concepts of“European sovereignty”and“strategic autonomy”are becoming the geopolitical direction of the EU.The trend of Francization of the EU is not only the result of direct efforts by the Macron government,but also closely related to the world situation and internal changes of the EU,especially changes to the social and political ecology of the United States and Brexit.In general,the Francization of the EU is a long-term trend,but it is also a nonlinear development,which may be more or less evident coinciding with the changes in the French government,the changes within the EU,and the changes of the world situation at large.The ultimate outcome is also uncertain,leading either to a more federal EU or to fragmentation and backsliding as internal tensions rise.Regardless of the outcome,the Francization of the EU is certain to have profound geopolitical consequences.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Europe and Sino-European Relations

The COVID-19 virus has created widespread challenges to thegovernance system and capacity of European countries and the European Union.During the height of the epidemic,Europe made unprecedented efforts to seal off its cities,states and the union as a whole.The epidemic has exerted serious impacts on Europe;meanwhile,Europe's response andreactive measures will have even more far-reaching impacts.An economic recession in Europe is inevitable,which could pose potential social and political risks,or even a crisis for its integration that would further damage the international image and status of the EU.After the epidemic subsides.the development of the EU and European integration will face major choices.The epidemic may drive member states to speed up the process of integration,or instead it may lead to the acceleration of"de-integration,"resulting in another retrogression for the EU.The integration project unlikely to make any major breakthroughs in the near future.In the post-epidemic period,China-EU relations will face new challenges as well as opportunities.It is urgent for both to cooperate.

The Security Strategy of the European Union: Origin, Evolution, and Policy Direction

With the deepening development of European integration and the change of international situation, member states of the European Union(EU) have gradually strengthened consultation and coordination in the field of security and established corresponding mechanisms. In this process,the EU has also formed and developed its National Security Strategy and issued four versions of security strategy reports in 2003, 2008, 2016, and 2022. The 2022 version of the EU security strategy(hereafter referred to as the New Security Strategy), for the first time, has identified Russia as a long-term and direct threat. Furthermore, it has paid increased attention to traditional security, especially the upgrading of military capabilities and has become more reliant on the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In the future, the EU will accelerate the militarization process, exert all-out efforts to contain Russia, scrutinize neighborhood security, and increase its swing on China policy.

ZTE Inks Strategic Agreements with Two Leading European Telecom System Integrators

ZTE Corporation has signed strategic telecommunications software agreement with two leading providers in Europe and Latin America to optimize its offerings for target customers in

A New Reset of Franco-German Axis and Its Prospect

Engine of European integration,the Franco-German axis had weakened with the expansion of the European Union,but the two countries’Aachen Treaty is promoting EU military coordination,defense and fiscal integration through in-common EU foreign and security policies.This strong return of the Franco-German axis,a pragmatic reaction to changes in transatlantic relations,European integration's crisis,and the uncertainties of a changing world order,accelerated the axis’reinvigoration.Any discord between France and Germany is counterbalanced by the need to consider overall EU interests.

Challenges, Responses and Prospects of the Internationalization of the Euro

The euro is an important achievement of European integration and the construction of the European Union(EU)single market.As a primary international currency second only to the US dollar,the euro faces severe challenges in its internationalization process today.Since the second half of 2018,the EU has demonstrated an increased desire to enhance the international influence of the euro,with more expansionary actions toward this end.This is due to economic benefits and strategic interests in the transformative global context.In the future,the internationalization of the euro may reap some practical results in certain areas,but will hardly make marked progress due to realistic constraints.

乌克兰危机下欧盟的发展前景

The Ukraine crisis,which broke out in early 2022,is the most significant geopolitical event to affect Europe since the end of the Cold War.It will have a great impact on the development prospects of the European Union(EU),including significantly altering the EU’s economic development and operation logics,with a more serious longterm impact than the previous debt crisis.The conflict has interrupted the EU strategic autonomy process and made its prospects even bleak.It has given new impetus to integration and,at the same time,has strengthened the negative factors impeding integration within the EU.The Ukraine crisis will further weaken the strength and international influence of the EU and accelerate the marginalization of the EU on the global geopolitical landscape;it may also kill its geopolitical aspiration of becoming a pole in the world’s balance of power.This is not conducive to a multipolar world order or the containment of hegemonism and power politics.However,these outcomes are not inevitable.If the lessons of the Ukraine crisis are properly reflected,and the EU is united,more open toward,and more inclusive with the world,it may have a brighter future.

Judicialization of Catalonian Language and Identity Politics

Since the adoption of the 1978 Spanish Constitution, the relationship between the Spanish State and the Catalonian autonomous region has been considerably strained. Originally, many remembered the dictatorship of Francisco Franco （1936-1975）, when centralization was heavily imposed on all parts of the country, irrespectively of ethnicity, language or traditions. As the constitutional bargain （Title VIII of the 1978 Constitution） worked for smaller regions （Madrid） or poorer regions （Extremadura）, it did not pan out for an economic powerhouse as Catalonia. For over 30 years, Catalonian regional political parties （notably Convergencia e Unio） have held the balance of power within the Spanish parliamentary system. Autonomous regions were allowed to write their own ＂statutes＂, a sort of sub-national constitution subject to national approval. Anti-Spanish sentiment is running high in Catalonia, and a straw poll was conducted in 2014, as voters were asked if they wanted to remain part of the Spanish kingdom. Many Catalonians would sever all ties with Madrid while attempting to remain in the European Union, a move preemptively vetoed by the European Commission. Inevitably, more judicialization is expected, whether on a federal scenario （intergovemmental relations： who does what） or if secession ultimately happens and economic compensation becomes necessary. The ruling Popular Party is adamant to any concessions; left-wing parties are more open to nationalistic demands. But the strictly political negotiations between the Popular party and the Socialists （who favor federalism） are stalled and nationalism is being overplayed by regional forces. As political solutions seem to falter momentarily, Courts will experience more demands based on identity grounds.

The EU9s Quest for Strategic Autonomy and Its International Implications

In the early days of its inception,the concept of strategic autonomy mainly applied to relevant discussions regarding the security and defense issues of the European Union,however its use has increased significantly in recent years,highlighting the importance and urgency of EU defense integration and diplomatic autonomy.The evolution of this concept has generally gone through two phases:its early period of development and deliberation prior to 2016,followed by a period of obvious enrichment and perfection in recent years.The EU’s emphasis on strategic autonomy reflects not only its relatively pessimistic perception of the environment in which it lives,but also its sense of urgency in seeking independence from external forces and defending European interests.In the face of internal and external problems brought about by multiple crises,the EU can only seize strategic opportunities by making adjustments according to its own circumstances.The EU’s pursuit of strategic autonomy means it will be more autonomous in defending its interests in international affairs,whose impacts on international politics are worth observing.

Federalism and Euro-Regions in Europe： What Have We Learned From Twenty-Five Years of Cross-Border Cooperation in the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal？

The present paper is focused on the analysis of the European building processes from the historical perspective of federalism （from ethnic federalism to current federalism） applied to the current framework of Europeanization and cross-border cooperation in Europe. With the objective of reviewing some of its processes and impacts, an analysis structure has been set, being the main purpose to extract conclusions on the long Europeanization process undertaken by the EU institutions. One of these recent processes reached the consolidation of Euroregions as cross-border cooperation institutions within the framework of multilevel governance. For the main purpose of the paper, the following questions are raised： How has contributed the perspective of federalism to the building of cross-border institutions, namely Euroregions？ After three decades of implementation of the formal cooperation in Europe through institutions as the Euroregions, can it be confirmed that the Eurnregions are consolidated as an institutional benchmark within the cross-border cooperation in Europe （CBC-E）？ In order to answer these questions, a review of the historic perspective of ethnic federalism applied to the classical models of formal cooperation is undertaken. From this historical revision, the development of the Euroregion within the EU will be analyzed. Finally, the present paper is focused on the case study of the cross-border space that are the Autonomous Region of Galician and the Regiao Norte de Portugal, as well as its most important cooperative institution, the Euro-region Galicia-North Portugal.

The Opportunities and Cooperation for Electric Power Enterprises on the New Silk Road Economic Belt

New Silk Road Economic Belt has an important strategic significance for European and Asian economic integration, which is a concept that formed on the ancient Silk Road and is about of contemporary economic and trade cooperation. The focus of New Silk Road Economic Belt integration strategy implementation is the energy integration. The key areas in energy development are electricity, oil and gas. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges for the power equipment manufacturing enterprises, power generation enterprises and electric grid enterprises on the New Silk Road Economic Belt. This article also emphasizes the importance of seizing the development opportunities and strengthening the international power cooperation.

《European Journal of Integrative Medicine》稿约（英文）

The European Journal of Integrative Medicine(EuJIM)considers manuscripts from a wide range of complementary and integrative health care disciplines,with a particular focus on whole systems approaches,public health,self management and traditional medical systems.The journal strives to connect conventional medicine and evidence based complementary medicine.We

欧共体法影响下的法国行政法的新发展

法国行政法是大陆法系行政法的代表之一,随着欧盟一体化的进程,在欧共体法的影响下,法国行政法发生了显著的变化,这些变化表现在公共职能法、行政行为法、行政程序法和行政诉讼法等方面。在欧共体法的影响下,法国行政法呈现出"共同体化"的发展趋势。