Nursing Care and Causative Analysis of Grade IV Capsular Contracture Following Breast Cancer Expander Implantation

Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reasons for the formation of capsular contracture after Stage I expander implantation and prevent its recurrence following Stage II reconstruction. Methods: In May 2020, the patient noticed an increase in the size of a breast mass. In August, she underwent AC-THP neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by a “right breast-conserving nipple-areolar subglandular excision + right axillary lymph node dissection + expander implantation” surgery in November 2020. Radiation therapy began in January 2021. During radiation therapy, the patient experienced severe breast hardening, distortion, tenderness, and was diagnosed with Grade IV capsular contracture. To relieve the capsular contracture, the patient underwent a “contracted capsule incision and release procedure + removal of the right breast expander + right breast implantation” surgery in July 2021. Postoperatively, measures were taken to prevent incision infection, emphasizing aseptic techniques, ensuring smooth negative pressure drainage, reducing skin flap tension, monitoring skin flap blood supply, actively preventing subcutaneous effusion and hematoma, and applying appropriate compression dressings. Results: The patient was discharged after the removal of the drainage tube. During the postoperative follow-up at 3 and 6 months, there was no recurrence of capsular contracture, and the breast appeared full, upright, and relatively soft. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, breast implant rupture, breast sagging, or displacement. The patient had a good outcome without additional financial or surgical burdens. Conclusion: The occurrence of Grade IV capsular contracture in the patient is generally related to infection after Stage I expander implantation, improper compression dressing, excessive saline injection causing content infiltration, and radiation therapy. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance the intraoperative and postoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics after Stage I expander implantation. Intermittent saline injection after surgery, with the amount of saline gradually increasing rather than filling all at once, is advisable. This helps the breast tissue gradually adapt to expansion, reducing the risk of capsular contracture. Postoperatively, patients should be instructed to wear pressure garments and breast elastic bandages while intensifying breast monitoring during radiation therapy and increasing postoperative follow-up.

Configuration Consideration for Expander in Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Two-Stage Compression Cycle

To investigate the configuration consideration of expander in transcritical carbon dioxide two-stage compression cycle, the best place in the cycle should be searched for to reinvest the recovery work so as to improve the system efficiency. The expander and the compressor are connected to the same shaft and integrated into one unit, with the latter being driven by the former, thus the transfer loss and leakage loss can be decreased greatly. In these systems, the expander can be either connected with the first stage compressor (shortened as DCDL cycle) or the second stage compressor (shortened as DCDH cycle), but the two configuration ways can get different performances. By setting up theoretical model for two kinds of expander configuration ways in the transcritical carbon dioxide two-stage compression cycle, the first and the second laws of thermodynamics are used to analyze the coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency, inter-stage pressure, discharge temperature and exergy losses of each component for the two cycles. From the model results, the performance of DCDH cycle is better than that of DCDL cycle. The analysis results are indispensable to providing a theoretical basis for practical design and operating.

Thermodynamic Comparison Analysis on CO_2 Transcritical Reverse Cycles with IHX or Expander

To improve the coefficient of performance （COP） of CO2 transcritical reverse cycle and determine the most efficient cycle, comparison analysis on （single-and） two-stage CO2 transcritical cycles with internal heat exchanger （IHX） or expander is presented adopting the principle of thermodynamics. Results indicate that the COP of four cycles,namely single-stage compression with IHX （SI）, single-stage compression with expander （SE）, two-stage compression with IHX （TI） and two-stage compression with expander （TE）, can be ranged as TE>SE>TI>SI. It presents that adopting an expander to recover expansion power is the primary method to improve the COP of CO2 transcritical reverse cycle if the efficiency of the expander is up to a certain value. Under supposed operating condition, where the outlet temperature of gas cooler is 35 ℃ and the evaporating temperature is 5 ℃, the COP of TE cycle is about 4200 higher than that of SI cycle when the expander efficiency is 0.6 and the degree of superheat of IHX is 15 ℃. Therefore TE cycle is the most recommendatory one and it is better to adopt TE in those high-cooling capacity systems because its technology cost will be higher.

Effects of different plasma expanders on rats subjected to severe acute normovolemic hemodilution

Background:Plasma expanders are widely used for acute normovolemic hemodilution(ANH).However,existing studies have not focused on large-volume infusion with colloidal plasma expanders,and there is a lack of studies that compare the effects of different plasma expanders.Methods:The viscosity,hydrodynamic radius(Rh)and colloid osmotic pressure(COP)of plasma expanders were determined by a cone-plate viscometer,Zetasizer and cut-off membrane,respectively.Sixty male rats were randomized into five groups with Gelofusine(Gel),Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0.5(HES200),Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4(HES130),Hydroxyethyl Starch 40(HES40),and Dextran 40(Dex40),with 12 rats used in each group to build the ANH model.ANH was performed by the withdrawal of blood and simultaneous infusion of plasma expanders.Acid-base,lactate,blood gas and physiological parameters were detected.Results:Gel had a lower intrinsic viscosity than HES200 and HES130(P<0.01),but at a low shear rate in a mixture of colloids,red cells and plasma,Gel had a higher viscosity(P<0.05 or P<0.01,respectively).For hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders,the COP at a certain concentration decreases from 11.1 mmHg to 6.1 mmHg with the increase of Rh from 10.7 nm to 20.2 nm.A severe ANH model,with the hematocrit of 40%of the baseline level,was established and accompanied by disturbances in acid-base,lactate and blood gas parameters.At the end of ANH and 60 min afterward,the Dex40 group showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other groups.The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)decreased significantly in all groups at the end of ANH.The DBP and MAP in the Dex40 group further decreased 60 min after the end of ANH.During the process of ANH,the Dex40 group showed a drop and recovery in SBP,DBP and MAP.The DBP and MAP in the HES200 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups at some time points(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:Gel had a low intrinsic viscosity but may increase the whole blood viscosity at low shear rates.Rh and COP showed a strong correlation among hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders.Dex40 showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other plasma expanders.During the process of ANH,Dex40 displayed a V-shaped recovery pattern for blood pressure,and HES200 had the advantage in sustaining the DBP and MAP at some time points.

Expander implantation for correction of high-riding nipple with enlarged nipple-areola complex using revision mastopexy: A case report

BACKGROUND High-riding nipple is one of the common complications after mastopexty and breast reconstruction.However,to date,a limited number of techniques have concentrated on how to lower the high-riding nipple with enlarged areola.CASE SUMMARY This is a case report describing a combination of surgical techniques to decrease high-riding nipple.A 26-year-old woman,who previously underwent several breast operations,sought correction for high-riding nipple with enlarged areola.Expanders were used and multi-stage techniques were performed.After one year of follow-up,lowered nipple,reduced areola size,ensured nipple blood supply,and improved breast ptosis were achieved,and the patient was satisfied with the breast contour.CONCLUSION The proposed technique offers a feasible treatment option for postoperative nipple over-elevation combined with areola dilation.

Parameters Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Experimental Setup for the Case with Beam Expander

Improvement of measurement precision and repeatability is one of the issues currently faced by the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） technique, which is expected to be capable of precise and accurate quantitative analysis. It was found that there was great potential to improve the signal quality and repeatability by reducing the laser beam divergence angle using a suitable beam expander （BE）. In the present work, the influences of several experimental parameters for the case with BE are studied in order to optimize the analytical performances： the signal to noise ratio （SNR） and the relative standard deviation （RSD）. We demonstrate that by selecting the optimal experimental parameters, the BE-included LIBS setup can give higher SNR and lower RSD values of the line intensity normalized by the whole spectrum area. For validation purposes, support vector machine （SVM） regression combined with principal component analysis （PCA） was used to establish a calibration model to realize the quantitative analysis of the ash content. Good agreement has been found between the laboratory measurement results from the LIBS method and those from the traditional method. The measurement accuracy presented here for ash content analysis is estimated to be 0.31%, while the average relative error is 2.36%.

SAS-Expander及其实现

SAS(Serial Attached SCSI)即串行SCSI技术,是一种磁盘连接技术.而Expander本质上就是SAS交换机,可以将多个SAS连接到有限数量的主机端口上.这里主要介绍了通过MAX-IM公司的VSC7154实现SAS-Expander磁盘阵列柜.此阵列柜机构部件依据SBB规范实现.

The Design and Analysis of Helium Turbine Expander Impeller with a Given All-Over-Controlled Vortex Distribution

To make the large-scale helium cryogenic system of fusion device EAST （experimen- tal advanced super-conducting tokamak） run stably, as the core part, the helium turbine expander must meet the requirement of refrigeration capacity. However, previous designs were based on one dimension flow to determine the average fluid parameters and geometric parameters of impeller cross-sections, so that it could not describe real physical processes in the internal flow of the tur- bine expander. Therefore, based on the inverse proposition of streamline curvature method in the context of quasi-three-dimensional flows, the all-over-controlled vortex concept was adopted to design the impeller under specified condition. The wrap angle of the impeller blade and the whole flow distribution on the meridian plane were obtained; meanwhile the performance of the designed impeller was analyzed. Thus a new design method is proposed here for the inverse proposition of the helium turbine expander impeller.

Expanders, Group Extensions, Hadamard Manifolds and Certain Banach Spaces

In this note,we prove that expanders cannot be coarsely embedded into group extensions of sequences of groups which are coarsely embeddable into Hardamad manifolds and certain Banach spaces due to the similar concentration theorems.

Novel Unilateral Dental Expander Appliance(UDEX):A Compound Innovative Materials

True unilateral posterior crossbite in adults is a challenging malocclusion to treat,especially when we need to correct cross-arch segments with unwanted effects on non-cross segments.Conventional expansion methods are expected to have some shortcomings;the Unilateral dental expander appliance used to restore unilateral cross bite dental arch is an uncommon appliance;for this,a designed new device is needed.This paper aimed to invite a new unilateral dental expander appliance(UDEX)to treat unilateral dental posterior crossbite in adults using available dental material,easy to use and handle,well tolerated by the patient,and biocompatible with oral structure.It could find that in all dental markets and dental clinics—an eighteen-year-old female with bilateral crossbite and upper and lower dental arch crowding.During active orthodontic treatment,a quad-helix expander had broken from one side at soldering between band and wire attachment.The patient did not show up to the clinic for a while due to COVID 19 pandemic lockdown,leading to a true unilateral crossbite at the dental arch’s upper left side,especially at the molar premolars area.This unilateral cross bite was treated using a new specially designed expanded appliance as a unilateral posterior cross bite dental maxillary expander.As a result of this study,orthodontic treatment was finished within(15)months,much less than expected.We obtained Class I molar and canine relationships with uncrossed dental arches in both upper arch sides,proper overbite and overjet with well-leveled and aligned teeth as it confirmed by clinical examination and radiographic images(OPG Orthopantomogram)and cephalometric radiograph(WebCeph analysis digitalized computer program).Conclude from that,the newly designed unilateral dental expander(UDEX)is proven to be useful for treating real unilateral posterior crossbites as single molar or premolar tooth and multiple joint unilateral crossed posterior teeth.Also,it could easily modify it for future unilateral crossed purposes.This appliance was fabricated using readily available dental material,well tolerated by patients,and reduced the need for excessive patient compliance.An orthodontist could fabricate devices,or cautious laboratory work is required;it can rapidly achieve favorable results.

Experimental Study of Active Magnetic Bearing on a 150 M^(3)Turbo Oxygen Gas Expander

This paper is concerned with the investigation, experiment and design analyses on the application of active magnetic bearings for a 150M 3 turbo oxygen gas expander having 1.16 kg weight and 30 mm diameter rotor, which was supported by two aerostatic bearings formerly. Now, the machine can work steady at a rotation speed of 92,000 r/min, and can be run up to a maximum rotation speed of 104,000 r/min.

Application of a pre-filled tissue expander for preventing soft tissue incarceration during tibial distraction osteogenesis

BACKGROUND Bone transport and distraction osteogenesis has been widely used to treat bone defects after traumatic surgery,but,skin and soft tissue incarceration can be as high as 27.6%.AIM To investigate the efficacy of inserting a tissue expander to prevent soft tissue incarceration.METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018,12 patients underwent implantation of a tissue expander in the subcutaneous layer in the vicinity of a tibial defect to maintain the soft tissue in position.A certain amount of normal saline was injected into the tissue expander during surgery and was then gradually extracted to shrink the expander during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.The tissue expander was removed when the two ends of the tibial defect were close enough.RESULTS In all 12 patients,the expanders remained intact in the subcutaneous layer of the bone defect area during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.When bone transport was adequate,the expander was removed and the bone transport process was completed.During the whole process,there was no incarceration of skin and soft tissue in the bone defect area.Complications occurred in one patient,who experienced poor wound healing.CONCLUSION The pre-filled expander technique can effectively avoid soft tissue incarceration.The authors’primary success with this method indicates that it may be a valuable tool in the management of incarcerated soft tissue.

A Class of Metric Spaces Which Do Not Coarsely Contain Expanders

In this paper, a class of metric spaces which include Hilbert spaces and Hadamard manifolds are defined. And the expanders cannot be coarsely embedded into this class of metric spaces are proved.

Reconfigurable Digital Circuits Based on Chip Expander with Integrated Temperature Regulation

This article is dealing with a development of custom chip expander platform with the possibility of accurate temperature control and integration of additional silicon-based features. Such platform may serve as a useful tool which facilitates the burdens connected with measurement and analysis tasks of experimental semiconductor structures. The devised solution provides the functionality of carrier substrate (Al2O3 compound) with CTE compatibility to the experimental silicon chip and is fully customizable with respect to a particular chip. It also allows achieving an easy fan-out of small-diameter chip terminals into a larger, more convenient area and placement of chip specimens conveniently into space-constrained chamber of the AFM microscopes, probe stations, etc. Real application of the developed chip expander platform is demonstrated in context of digital reconfigurable circuits based on polymorphic electronics. In this case the chip expander with attached polymorphic chip REPOMO is thermally stabilized at an ambient temperature level up to approximately 135。C and its sensitivity to this phenomenon is demonstrated.

爱立信Expander站点解决方案可降低网络部署成本至少30％

近日．爱立信推出了新的爱立信Expander无线网络站点及传输解决方案。此方案将使移动运营商部署新网络的资本和运营支出降低至少30％，从而使他们能够为低端用户提供服务，并从中获利。

爱立信Expander站点解决方案可降低网络部署成本至少30％

爱立信推出了新的Expander无线网络站点及传输解决方案。该方案将使移动运营商部署新网络和运营的支出至少降低30％，从而使他们能够为低端用户提供服务，并从中获利。

爱立信Expander方案应对多变市场

爱立信作为电信技术的先驱和新解决方案的开拓者，在通信领域已亨有140多年的盛誉。爱立信在多年的电信工业革命中发挥了很重要的作用，并且能够在适应市场竞争方而彰显强大优势。如令，在当前的技术革命中，爱立信再次成为先锋，其CDMA2000 Expander解决方案有助于在更复杂、经济更高效的环境中，更多地满足移动网络运营商的需求，从而掌控快速变化的市场客户群体，赢得更多用户。