Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the environment.Here,we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species(i.e.,selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous)represent distin...Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the environment.Here,we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species(i.e.,selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous)represent distinct adaptive strategies to increase reproductive success in changing alpine environments.To answer this question,we determined how spatial and temporal factors(e.g.,elevation and peak flowering time)affect reproductive success(i.e.,stigmatic pollen load)in nine wild Fagopyrum species(seven distylous and two homostylous)among 28 populations along an elevation gradient of 1299-3315 m in the Hengduan Mountains,southwestern China.We also observed pollinators and conducted hundreds of hand pollinations to investigate inter/intra-morph compatibility,self-compatibility and pollen limitation in four Fagopyrum species(two distylous and two homostylous).We found that Fagopyrum species at higher elevation generally had bigger flowers and more stigmatic pollen loads;lateflowering individuals had smaller flowers and lower pollen deposition.Stigmatic pollen deposition was more variable in distylous species than in homostylous species.Although seed set was not pollenlimited in all species,we found that fruit set was much lower in distylous species,which rely on frequent pollinator visits,than in homostylous species capable of autonomous self-pollination.Our findings that pollination success increases at high elevations and decreases during the flowering season suggest that distylous and homostylous species have spatially and temporally distinct reproductive strategies related to environment-dependent pollinator activity.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the flavonoid content of Fagopyrum megaspartanium leaves by water bath and ultrasonic extractions.[Method] By using water bath extraction and ultrasonic extraction,the total flavonoid ...[Objective] The aim was to study the flavonoid content of Fagopyrum megaspartanium leaves by water bath and ultrasonic extractions.[Method] By using water bath extraction and ultrasonic extraction,the total flavonoid content in buckwheat leaves was measured with UV spectrophotometer.[Result] The optimum wavelength for determination of the content of flavonoid extracted from buckwheat leaves was 420 nm;the content of total flavonoid extracted by ultrasonic extraction and water bath extraction from buckwheat were 5.26% and 5.40% respectively;and the average total flavonoid content by water bath extraction was significantly higher than that by ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion] The result is significant for the improvement of flavonoid content measurement of buckwheat.展开更多
The extracts from hulls, brans and flours of Fagopyrum esculentum M6ench （FEM, three varieties） and Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth （FTG, seven varieties） were screened for free and bound phenolic content or total ...The extracts from hulls, brans and flours of Fagopyrum esculentum M6ench （FEM, three varieties） and Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth （FTG, seven varieties） were screened for free and bound phenolic content or total phenolic content （TPC）, as well as 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Free phenolics were predominant in buckwheat hulls, brans and flours. FEM hulls extract exhibited the highest reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the average ECs0 84.54 μg mL^-1 and IC50 11.54 μg mL^-1 respectively, FTG brans extract had the highest average TPC （24.87 mg GAE g^-1 DW）, and FEM flours extract showed the lowest TPC, reducing power and radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the correlations among TPC, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of all the samples were investigated. The rank correlation coefficient （rs） between reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat hulls, between TPC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat flours were 0.76 and 0.79, respectively （P〈0.05）. However, there is no significant correlation between the remaining indexes of hulls and flours, as well as the ten buckwheat brans. This result indicated that some non-phenolic compounds also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in hulls, brans and flours of buckwheats. This study demonstrated that buckwheat hulls and brans, rather than flours, are good source of antioxidants.展开更多
Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decl...Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decline of light intensity re- duced nutrient growth period, so that plant growth stage entered in advance and extended, which indicated that the decline of light intensity would lower leaf number and area, the number of twigs from the stem, as well as photosynthate. Further- more, the reduction degree increased upon light intensity decrease degree, and the proper shading improved stem height and leaf area enhanced before growth term.展开更多
In order to reveal the genetic differences and agronomic traits of Fagopy-rum tataricum_ varieties （lines） intuitively, explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection during the breeding process,...In order to reveal the genetic differences and agronomic traits of Fagopy-rum tataricum_ varieties （lines） intuitively, explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection during the breeding process, six primary agronomic traits of 45 F. tataricum_ varieties （lines） that came from the eleven buckwheat breeding departments across the country were analyzed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis showed that the six agronomic traits could be simplified into three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 45 F. tataricum varieties （lines） were classified into four groups：high stalk, medium yield and smal grain type, medium stalk, high yield and large grain type, medium stalk, low yield and smal grain type and high stalk, medium yield and medium grain type. Among them, performance of comprehensive trait of the second type was better than that of the other types. Thus, the F. tataricum_va-rieties （lines） that were classified into the second type could be considered as good varieties （lines） or breeding materials. The genetic differences among F. tataricum_varieties （lines） had no necessary correlations with origin and geographical distance. ln addition to complementary traits and geographical distance, genetic distances （dif-ferent populations） should be taken into consideration during parent selection in cross breeding.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the optimal conditions of SRAP molecular marker used in the analysis on Fagopyrum tataricum（L.）Gaertn.[Method]SRAP-PCR amplification system on Fagopyrum tataricum was optimized...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the optimal conditions of SRAP molecular marker used in the analysis on Fagopyrum tataricum（L.）Gaertn.[Method]SRAP-PCR amplification system on Fagopyrum tataricum was optimized by interactive orthogonal design L27（313）in 5 elements（Mg2＋,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,template DNA and primer）at 3 levels.And the non-denaturing and denaturing PAGE detection methods were compared.The comparative test of DYCZ-24F and DYCZ-20C electrophoresis operating systems was carried out.[Result]The effects of four single-factor（Mg2＋,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase and primer）and two interactions（Mg2＋×dNTP,Mg2＋×Taq DNA polymerase）on tartary buckwheat SRAP-PCR were significant.An optimal reaction system was established containing 1.5 mmol/L Mg2＋,0.2 mmol/L dNTP,1.5 u Taq DNA polymerase,40 ng DNA,0.25 μmol/L primer and 2 μl 10×buffer.Seven samples of tartary buckwheat were amplified using this system,and electrophoresis results showed clear bands,high level of polymorphism and good reproducibility.The PCR products were tested by denaturing and non-denaturing PAGE,and the results showed that the non-denaturing PAGE,DYCZ-24F operating system was more suitable for SRAP analysis.[Conclusion]This study established a foundation for the construction of SRAP genetic map of tartary buckwheat.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to clone a full-length CHS gene from buck- wheat. [Method] With total RNA extracted from buckwheat as the template, CHS cD- NA sequence was cloned from buckwheat by using RACE technology a...[Objective] This study aimed to clone a full-length CHS gene from buck- wheat. [Method] With total RNA extracted from buckwheat as the template, CHS cD- NA sequence was cloned from buckwheat by using RACE technology and CODEHOP primer design method, the full length gene was obtained by primers which were de- signed for amplification of full-length gene sequence with buckwheat DNA template. Clustalxl.81 and MEGA4 software were used for sequence analysis and construction of phylogenetic tree; NCBI Blastn and Biastp programs were applied for homology analysis of nucleic acid and protein. [Result] Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full length of this gene is 1 906 bp, containing a 463 bp intron sequence and a 1 188 bp coding region, encoding 395 amino acids. Blastn sequence alignment revealed that the CHS gene sequence obtained in this study shared 86% homology with the CHS gene of closely related species. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation to clarify molecular basis of the synthesis of buckwheat bioflavanoids and explore an effective way to improve the content of buckwheat bioflavanoids.展开更多
A new phenolic constituent along with five known compounds were isolated from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The new compound was characterized as 1,3-dimethoxy-2-O-β-xylo-pyranosyl-5-O-β-glucopyranosyl-benzene, b...A new phenolic constituent along with five known compounds were isolated from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The new compound was characterized as 1,3-dimethoxy-2-O-β-xylo-pyranosyl-5-O-β-glucopyranosyl-benzene, by spectroscopic analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis.展开更多
The chemical composition, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of 50% ethanolic extracts from raw and cooked buckwheat flour from southwest of China were determined. The heat treatment used to gelatinize the flou...The chemical composition, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of 50% ethanolic extracts from raw and cooked buckwheat flour from southwest of China were determined. The heat treatment used to gelatinize the flour starch significantly reduced the total flavonoids in the extract from 83.52 to 67.36 mg 100 g 1 of dry matter in the raw and cooked flour, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using autooxidation in a β carotene linoleate model system (AA or AAC), DPPH radical scavenging assay (IP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Values for raw buckwheat flour extract were 97.84, 874.31, 76.45 and 94.92% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively, while values in cooked buckwheat flour were 86.14, 842.88, 63.93 and 94.74% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively. Values before cooked and raw buckwheat flour extracts were significantly different ( P <0.05) for AA, AAC, and ORAC.展开更多
Fagopyrum Cymosum(Trev)Meisn is a tannin compound fromchinese herbs,and is used for treatment of pulmonaryabscess,anti-tumor test showed that the drug inhibit-ed pulmonary carcinoma in Lewis,cervical carinoma,
Ningqiao 1 was selected as the material to study the effects of planting density on physiological indices,agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat.The results showed that high density resulted in decreases of chlorophy...Ningqiao 1 was selected as the material to study the effects of planting density on physiological indices,agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat.The results showed that high density resulted in decreases of chlorophyll content,soluble protein content and activity of SOD,POD and CAT,and acceleration of MDA accumulation under drought conditions.Low density could effectively improve the grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,1000-grain weight and yield in drought conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31900204,32071671,32030071)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(grant no.2019M652674)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.CCNU22LJ003).
文摘Reproductive strategies of sexually dimorphic plants vary in response to the environment.Here,we ask whether the sexual systems of Fagopyrum species(i.e.,selfing homostylous and out-crossing distylous)represent distinct adaptive strategies to increase reproductive success in changing alpine environments.To answer this question,we determined how spatial and temporal factors(e.g.,elevation and peak flowering time)affect reproductive success(i.e.,stigmatic pollen load)in nine wild Fagopyrum species(seven distylous and two homostylous)among 28 populations along an elevation gradient of 1299-3315 m in the Hengduan Mountains,southwestern China.We also observed pollinators and conducted hundreds of hand pollinations to investigate inter/intra-morph compatibility,self-compatibility and pollen limitation in four Fagopyrum species(two distylous and two homostylous).We found that Fagopyrum species at higher elevation generally had bigger flowers and more stigmatic pollen loads;lateflowering individuals had smaller flowers and lower pollen deposition.Stigmatic pollen deposition was more variable in distylous species than in homostylous species.Although seed set was not pollenlimited in all species,we found that fruit set was much lower in distylous species,which rely on frequent pollinator visits,than in homostylous species capable of autonomous self-pollination.Our findings that pollination success increases at high elevations and decreases during the flowering season suggest that distylous and homostylous species have spatially and temporally distinct reproductive strategies related to environment-dependent pollinator activity.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2006BAD02B06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31060207)+1 种基金Agricultural Research Project of Guizhou Province[NY(2010)3094]Special Program of Plant and Animal Breeding of Guizhou Province[No.(2010)023]~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the flavonoid content of Fagopyrum megaspartanium leaves by water bath and ultrasonic extractions.[Method] By using water bath extraction and ultrasonic extraction,the total flavonoid content in buckwheat leaves was measured with UV spectrophotometer.[Result] The optimum wavelength for determination of the content of flavonoid extracted from buckwheat leaves was 420 nm;the content of total flavonoid extracted by ultrasonic extraction and water bath extraction from buckwheat were 5.26% and 5.40% respectively;and the average total flavonoid content by water bath extraction was significantly higher than that by ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion] The result is significant for the improvement of flavonoid content measurement of buckwheat.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (XDJK2012B014)
文摘The extracts from hulls, brans and flours of Fagopyrum esculentum M6ench （FEM, three varieties） and Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth （FTG, seven varieties） were screened for free and bound phenolic content or total phenolic content （TPC）, as well as 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Free phenolics were predominant in buckwheat hulls, brans and flours. FEM hulls extract exhibited the highest reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the average ECs0 84.54 μg mL^-1 and IC50 11.54 μg mL^-1 respectively, FTG brans extract had the highest average TPC （24.87 mg GAE g^-1 DW）, and FEM flours extract showed the lowest TPC, reducing power and radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the correlations among TPC, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of all the samples were investigated. The rank correlation coefficient （rs） between reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat hulls, between TPC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat flours were 0.76 and 0.79, respectively （P〈0.05）. However, there is no significant correlation between the remaining indexes of hulls and flours, as well as the ten buckwheat brans. This result indicated that some non-phenolic compounds also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in hulls, brans and flours of buckwheats. This study demonstrated that buckwheat hulls and brans, rather than flours, are good source of antioxidants.
基金Special Funds for Fundamental Work of Ministry of Science and Technology(2006BAD13B02-13)~~
文摘Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decline of light intensity re- duced nutrient growth period, so that plant growth stage entered in advance and extended, which indicated that the decline of light intensity would lower leaf number and area, the number of twigs from the stem, as well as photosynthate. Further- more, the reduction degree increased upon light intensity decrease degree, and the proper shading improved stem height and leaf area enhanced before growth term.
基金Supported by National Oat and Buckwheat Industrial Technology System(CARS-08-A-1-3)Breeding Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan Period(16yzgc035)~~
文摘In order to reveal the genetic differences and agronomic traits of Fagopy-rum tataricum_ varieties （lines） intuitively, explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection during the breeding process, six primary agronomic traits of 45 F. tataricum_ varieties （lines） that came from the eleven buckwheat breeding departments across the country were analyzed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis showed that the six agronomic traits could be simplified into three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 45 F. tataricum varieties （lines） were classified into four groups：high stalk, medium yield and smal grain type, medium stalk, high yield and large grain type, medium stalk, low yield and smal grain type and high stalk, medium yield and medium grain type. Among them, performance of comprehensive trait of the second type was better than that of the other types. Thus, the F. tataricum_va-rieties （lines） that were classified into the second type could be considered as good varieties （lines） or breeding materials. The genetic differences among F. tataricum_varieties （lines） had no necessary correlations with origin and geographical distance. ln addition to complementary traits and geographical distance, genetic distances （dif-ferent populations） should be taken into consideration during parent selection in cross breeding.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771310)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the optimal conditions of SRAP molecular marker used in the analysis on Fagopyrum tataricum（L.）Gaertn.[Method]SRAP-PCR amplification system on Fagopyrum tataricum was optimized by interactive orthogonal design L27（313）in 5 elements（Mg2＋,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase,template DNA and primer）at 3 levels.And the non-denaturing and denaturing PAGE detection methods were compared.The comparative test of DYCZ-24F and DYCZ-20C electrophoresis operating systems was carried out.[Result]The effects of four single-factor（Mg2＋,dNTP,Taq DNA polymerase and primer）and two interactions（Mg2＋×dNTP,Mg2＋×Taq DNA polymerase）on tartary buckwheat SRAP-PCR were significant.An optimal reaction system was established containing 1.5 mmol/L Mg2＋,0.2 mmol/L dNTP,1.5 u Taq DNA polymerase,40 ng DNA,0.25 μmol/L primer and 2 μl 10×buffer.Seven samples of tartary buckwheat were amplified using this system,and electrophoresis results showed clear bands,high level of polymorphism and good reproducibility.The PCR products were tested by denaturing and non-denaturing PAGE,and the results showed that the non-denaturing PAGE,DYCZ-24F operating system was more suitable for SRAP analysis.[Conclusion]This study established a foundation for the construction of SRAP genetic map of tartary buckwheat.
基金Supported by 948 Program,Ministry of Agriculture of China(2008-z27)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to clone a full-length CHS gene from buck- wheat. [Method] With total RNA extracted from buckwheat as the template, CHS cD- NA sequence was cloned from buckwheat by using RACE technology and CODEHOP primer design method, the full length gene was obtained by primers which were de- signed for amplification of full-length gene sequence with buckwheat DNA template. Clustalxl.81 and MEGA4 software were used for sequence analysis and construction of phylogenetic tree; NCBI Blastn and Biastp programs were applied for homology analysis of nucleic acid and protein. [Result] Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full length of this gene is 1 906 bp, containing a 463 bp intron sequence and a 1 188 bp coding region, encoding 395 amino acids. Blastn sequence alignment revealed that the CHS gene sequence obtained in this study shared 86% homology with the CHS gene of closely related species. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation to clarify molecular basis of the synthesis of buckwheat bioflavanoids and explore an effective way to improve the content of buckwheat bioflavanoids.
文摘A new phenolic constituent along with five known compounds were isolated from Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The new compound was characterized as 1,3-dimethoxy-2-O-β-xylo-pyranosyl-5-O-β-glucopyranosyl-benzene, by spectroscopic analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis.
文摘The chemical composition, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of 50% ethanolic extracts from raw and cooked buckwheat flour from southwest of China were determined. The heat treatment used to gelatinize the flour starch significantly reduced the total flavonoids in the extract from 83.52 to 67.36 mg 100 g 1 of dry matter in the raw and cooked flour, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated using autooxidation in a β carotene linoleate model system (AA or AAC), DPPH radical scavenging assay (IP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Values for raw buckwheat flour extract were 97.84, 874.31, 76.45 and 94.92% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively, while values in cooked buckwheat flour were 86.14, 842.88, 63.93 and 94.74% for AA, AAC, ORAC and IP, respectively. Values before cooked and raw buckwheat flour extracts were significantly different ( P <0.05) for AA, AAC, and ORAC.
文摘Fagopyrum Cymosum(Trev)Meisn is a tannin compound fromchinese herbs,and is used for treatment of pulmonaryabscess,anti-tumor test showed that the drug inhibit-ed pulmonary carcinoma in Lewis,cervical carinoma,
基金Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(NZ15270)National Agriculture Research System of Oat and Buckwheat(CARS-08-E-5).
文摘Ningqiao 1 was selected as the material to study the effects of planting density on physiological indices,agronomic traits and yield of buckwheat.The results showed that high density resulted in decreases of chlorophyll content,soluble protein content and activity of SOD,POD and CAT,and acceleration of MDA accumulation under drought conditions.Low density could effectively improve the grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,1000-grain weight and yield in drought conditions.
