Ultrafast pulse-dilation framing camera and its application for time-resolved X-ray diagnostic

An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and gated MCP imager,and a spatial resolution of 100μm by using an electronic imaging system comprising combined magnetic lenses.The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera were studied both theoretically and experimentally.The results showed that the camera with combined magnetic lenses reduced the field curvature and acquired a larger working area.A working area with a diameter of 53 mm was created by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera.Furthermore,the camera was used to detect the X-rays produced by the laser-targeting device.The diagnostic results indicated that the width of the X-ray pulse was approximately 18 ps.

A New Speech Encoder Based on Dynamic Framing Approach

Latent information is difficult to get from the text in speech synthesis.Studies show that features from speech can get more information to help text encoding.In the field of speech encoding,a lot of work has been conducted on two aspects.The first aspect is to encode speech frame by frame.The second aspect is to encode the whole speech to a vector.But the scale in these aspects is fixed.So,encoding speech with an adjustable scale for more latent information is worthy of investigation.But current alignment approaches only support frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.It remains a challenge to propose a new alignment approach to support adjustable scale speech encoding.This paper presents the dynamic speech encoder with a new alignment approach in conjunction with frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.The speech feature fromourmodel achieves three functions.First,the speech feature can reconstruct the origin speech while the length of the speech feature is equal to the text length.Second,our model can get text embedding fromspeech,and the encoded speech feature is similar to the text embedding result.Finally,it can transfer the style of synthesis speech and make it more similar to the given reference speech.

Joinery and Structure:Cultural and Technical Comparison between Traditional Wooden Framing Systems in East Asia and Western Europe

Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.

Proximity and Framing in News Media： Effects on Credibility, Bias, Recall, and Reader Intentions

A writer＇s decision to localize a news article and the valence of the frame the writer employs can affect readers＇ perceptions of credibility and bias as well as readers＇ factual recall and the likelihood that readers would want to read the newspaper further. A 2 （proximity： local, non-local） ~ 3 （frame valence： positive, neutral, negative） factorial experiment （N = 136） tested the effects of proximity and frame valence on credibility, perceived bias, recall, and reading intentions. Articles that localized enjoyed greater perceptions of credibility but not recall, while articles with either a positive or negative frame yielded greater recall than articles with a neutral frame. Neither factor exhibited a main effect in predicting perceived bias, but their interaction was a significant predictor. In addition, localization and frame valence also influence the likelihood that participants would want to read the source newspaper again. Implications for theory and media practice are discussed.

The Anti-globalization Movement in the “Eyes” of Journalism： “Global Justice” or “Mind Framing”？

This research examines how the anti-globalization movementI （AGM） is portrayed in the mainstream print media. The study focuses on anti-globalization protest events over a period of seven years following the 1999 Seattle protest, and covers all major protests until the end of 2006. Framing is used to explore how bias is instituted in media texts and whether this pattern is consistent across the corpus. Results of this study reveal that the framing strategies of journalists regarding AGM protests all revolve around two forms of memory-based framing tools： explicit and implicit. Explicit memory-based framing strategies refer to the coverage of previous events whereas implicit strategies involve the use of repeated connotations and metaphors applied consistently over the years, recalling previous insinuations made by a biased media system.

Health Communication Framing： The Contribution of Weiner＇s Attribution Theory

Message framing has been shown to influence the persuasiveness of health communications. In this conceptual paper, the authors suggest that message framing can be extended to include causal attributions, and Weiner＇s Attribution Theory （Weiner＇s AT） is an appropriate theoretical framework for the study of message framing and health communications. Weiner＇s AT proposes a specific motivational sequence that may explain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to message frames. Propositions regarding relationships between message frames, causal attributions, and emotional and behavioral responses are presented to guide future research. The implications of this attribution-based message-framing process for future research are discussed

Narrative Framing on C- E Translation of President Xi's Diplomatic Speeches

Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only represent reality, but constitute reality by"accentuating, undermining or modifying aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance"(Baker, 2006:5) in a way to intensify or weaken international political conflict, and in doing so participate in shaping social reality. The narrative account on translation raised up by Mona Baker"may constitute yet another turning point in translation studies"(Fan, 2009: 57), because she reveals that translation not only closely connects politics, but also creates politics(Baker, 2011:6). This provides a theoretical basis for us to discuss how translation shapes political speeches from the perspective of narration.Framing is what makes narratives takes into effective. The thesis will interpret translation of President Xi's diplomatic speeches from Baker's narrative account by the following framing means: labeling and repositioning of participants. It analyzes how President Xi's diplomatic speeches serves for enhancing consensus and reducing conflicts. It is hoped that the thesis will offer some suggestions on building a narrative system with Chinese characteristics and establishing more effective and skilled strategies for international communication.

Population Dynamics of Large Herbivores and the Framing of Wildlife Conservation in Zimbabwe

This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities and wildlife conservation;and 3) media framing of wildlife conservation using Zimbabwe as a case study, in particular Gonarezhou National Park and adjacent areas. The review shows that droughts are important in influencing large herbivore populations in semi-arid ecosystems;political instability and economic collapse does not necessarily lead to increased illegal hunting in situations where policy instruments, such as laws, are enforced. A higher perceived effectiveness of Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources was partly associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts and there was a spill-over effect of frames from the political domain into wildlife conservation following Zimbabwe’s land reforms in 2000. It is concluded that natural bottom-up processes (e.g., droughts) influence large herbivore population dynamics whereas policy instruments, incentives, provisions and societal frames mainly have a top-down effect on wild large herbivore populations in savanna ecosystems.

The Framing of Cosmetic Surgery, 1914-1950

This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plastic surgery between 1914 and 1950 and did the frames vary by year or did they recur throughout the time period studied？ The purpose here is not to argue that the press had a direct effect on the way beauty was defined within the cultural landscape of the early 20th century, but to examine the way plastic surgery＇s frame in the popular press shifted from reconstructing war-maimed soldiers to beautifying ordinary citizens.

Preventive behaviors for maintenance of brain health: an online quasi-experimental study on the influence of involvement and message framing

Objective:The prevalence and economic burden of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)are consistently increasing.Individuals are encouraged to engage in cognitive preventive behaviors.However,the effectiveness of information provided,depends on factors including the level of personal relevance to the issue and the framing of the information.Our objective in this study was to examine the effect of involvement and message framing on an individual's intention to initiate preventive behaviors toward AD.Methods:An online quasi-experimental scenario-based study was implemented.Vignettes were prepared consisting of information on preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of AD.In the vignettes,scenarios were presented to influence the participant's involvement level(low/high).At the same time,the information was framed positively(low level of fear)or negatively(high level of fear).After exposure to the vignettes,the involvement level and framing perception(fear level)were evaluated.The effects of the two factors on perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,response-efficacy,self-efficacy,and intention to engage in recommended preventive behaviors(based on the Protection Motivation Theory)were then measured.Results:Overall,368 individuals with a mean age of 51.64(±5.48)years participated.Adjusted multiple linear regression indicated that higher involvement was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and intention to engage in preventive behaviors.Negative message framing was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and self-efficacy.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that involvement and message framing are essential factors to consider when designing communication materials for promoting health behaviors.Their effects may depend on the underlying drivers of intention toward the recommended health behaviors.

Framing and Reframing the Digital Divide Policy in Taiwan： Consensus and Conflict

This paper explores key policy issues of national information and communication technology development to identify the gap between the heterogeneity in issues pertaining to the ＂digital divide＂. How this issue is cast often as a problem to be solved in recent years. On the public policy front, a series of reports issued by Taiwan Residents policymakers were endeavored to address universal services and digital divide issues. Government also has taken various steps to mitigate the disparity in opportunities to access the Internet （e.g., ＂e-Taiwan＂ for broadband services, ＂M-Taiwan＂ for broadband infrastructure and heterogeneous network services, and ＂i-Taiwan＂ for ubiquitous networks and digital convergence by Taiwan＇s Cabinet）. However, when policymakers worked to craft solutions to the pressing societal concern, they found lots of policy agendas need to redefine to foster greater understanding and enlighten practice for policy going forward. An examination of conflicting narratives within policy has been conducted, which identified not only the earlier debates were framed, but also key agendas of the most studied and empirical data used among them. The article attempts to examine the topic from a longitudinal perspective by using sets of documents revealed a tendency over time to explore how particular the agendas and debates of ＂digital divide＂ were framed. The study traced back to policy debates from cultural, economic, educational, and political perspectives at various Internet diffusion stages. The results provide useful insights into the study and discussion on new convergence policy making implications.

Beyond COVID: Reframing the Global Problematique with STiP (Systems Thinking in Practice)

Since 2019 humanity has been subjected to the perturbations of pandemic,economic disruption,war,civil unrest and changes in whole-Earth dynamics associated with a human-induced Anthropocene.Each perturbation is like a wave-front breaking on the shore of our historical ways of thinking and acting,increasingly unfit for our human circumstances.This challenge to humanity is not new.In 1970 the French term‘problematique’was coined to refer to a set of 49 interrelated global problems;the classic description of wicked and tame problems was published soon after,yet little progress has been made towards answering the question:what purposeful action will aid human flourishing,create and sustain a viable space for humanity,in our ongoing co-evolution with the Anthropocene-Biosphere?A case for innovation in our ways of knowing and doing is made based on arguments that our social world is constrained by:(i)explanations we accept that are no longer relevant to our circumstances;(ii)outdated historical institutions(in the institutional economics sense)that contribute as social technologies to a broader human created and ungoverned technosphere;(iii)inadequate theory-informed practices,or praxis,and(iv)governance-systems no longer adequate for purpose.Practitioners of knowledge science and systems science are urged to act reflexively to critically evaluate the traditions-of-understanding out of which they think and act.

Cascaded ELM-Based Joint Frame Synchronization and Channel Estimation over Rician Fading Channel with Hardware Imperfections

Due to the interdependency of frame synchronization(FS)and channel estimation(CE),joint FS and CE(JFSCE)schemes are proposed to enhance their functionalities and therefore boost the overall performance of wireless communication systems.Although traditional JFSCE schemes alleviate the influence between FS and CE,they show deficiencies in dealing with hardware imperfection(HI)and deterministic line-of-sight(LOS)path.To tackle this challenge,we proposed a cascaded ELM-based JFSCE to alleviate the influence of HI in the scenario of the Rician fading channel.Specifically,the conventional JFSCE method is first employed to extract the initial features,and thus forms the non-Neural Network(NN)solutions for FS and CE,respectively.Then,the ELMbased networks,named FS-NET and CE-NET,are cascaded to capture the NN solutions of FS and CE.Simulation and analysis results show that,compared with the conventional JFSCE methods,the proposed cascaded ELM-based JFSCE significantly reduces the error probability of FS and the normalized mean square error(NMSE)of CE,even against the impacts of parameter variations.

Dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates

Interactive holography offers unmatched levels of immersion and user engagement in the field of future display.Despite of the substantial progress has been made in dynamic meta-holography,the realization of real-time,highly smooth interactive holography remains a significant challenge due to the computational and display frame rate limitations.In this study,we introduced a dynamic interactive bitwise meta-holography with ultra-high computational and display frame rates.To our knowledge,this is the first reported practical dynamic interactive metasurface holographic system.We spa-tially divided the metasurface device into multiple distinct channels,each projecting a reconstructed sub-pattern.The switching states of these channels were mapped to bitwise operations on a set of bit values,which avoids complex holo-gram computations,enabling an ultra-high computational frame rate.Our approach achieves a computational frame rate of 800 kHz and a display frame rate of 23 kHz on a low-power Raspberry Pi computational platform.According to this methodology,we demonstrated an interactive dynamic holographic Tetris game system that allows interactive gameplay,color display,and on-the-fly hologram creation.Our technology presents an inspiration for advanced dynamic meta-holography,which is promising for a broad range of applications including advanced human-computer interaction,real-time 3D visualization,and next-generation virtual and augmented reality systems.

To Blame or Not?Modulating Third-Party Punishment with the Framing Effect

People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.

Time-resolved measurement technique for pulsed electron beam envelope basing on framing and streaking principle

The time-resolved electron beam envelope parameters, including cross sectional distribution and beam centroid position, are very important for the study of beam transmission characteristics in a magnetic field and for verifying the rationality of the magnetic field parameters employed. One kind of high time-resolved beam envelope measurement system has recently been developed, constituted of a high-speed framing camera and a streak camera. It can obtain three panoramic images of the beam and time continuous information along the given beam profile simultaneously. Recently obtained data has proved that several fast vibrations of the beam envelope along the diameter direction occur during the front and the tail parts of the electron beam. The vibration period is several nanoseconds. The effect of magnetic field on the electron beam is also observed and verified. Beam debugging experiments have proved that the existing beam transmission design is reasonable and viable. This beam envelope measurement system will establish a good foundation for beam physics research.

Framing and Language of Ethics:Technology,Persuasion,and Cultural Context

What are the consequences of the language we use for technology,and,how we describe the frameworks regarding technology and its creation,use,and deployment?The language used to describe technology has the possibility to deceive and be abusive.How language is used demonstrates what can occur when one party is able to assert linguistic power over another.The way in which organizations frame their relationships with technology is one such power asymmetry.This article examines the complications of the imagery used for ethics in technology.Then,the author offers a brief overview of how language influences our perceptions.The frames used to describe phenomena,including ethical frameworks and technology,allow for the creation of heuristics,or shortcuts that are“good enough”for understanding what is being described and for decision-making.Therefore,descriptions matter for relaying meaning and constructing narratives related to ethical uses of technical systems.After this,the author investigates what we mean by ethics and the codes that corporate,governmental,and other organizations use to depict how they understand their relationship to the technology they create and deploy.The author explores three examples of frames of ethics and descriptions of technology,which though appearing progressive,once understood holistically,fail to adequately describe technology and its possible impact.The author ends this article with a discussion of the complexity of describing and communicating ethical uses of technology.

Resilience-incorporated seismic risk assessment of precast concrete frames with“dry”connections

A resilience-incorporated risk assessment framework is proposed and demonstrated in this study to manifest the advantageous seismic resilience of precast concrete frame(PCF)structures with“dry”connections in terms of their low damage and rapid recovery.The framework integrates various uncertainties in the seismic hazard,fragility,capacity,demand,loss functions,and post-earthquake recovery.In this study,the PCF structures are distinguished from ordinary reinforced concrete frame(RCF)structures by characterizing multiple limit states for the PCF based on its unique damage mechanisms.Accordingly,probabilistic story-wise pushover analyses are performed to yield story-wise capacities for the predefined limit states.In the seismic resilience analysis,a step-wise recovery model is proposed to idealize the functionality recovery process,with separate considerations of the repair and non-repair events.The recovery model leverages the economic loss and downtime to delineate the stochastic post-earthquake recovery curves for the resilience loss estimation.As such,contingencies in the probabilistic post-earthquake repairs are incorporated and the empirical judgments on the recovery parameters are largely circumvented.The proposed framework is demonstrated through a comparative study between two“dry”connected PCFs and one RCF designed as alternative structural systems for a prototype building.The results from the risk quantification indicate that the PCFs show reduced loss hazards and lower expected losses relative to the RCF.Particularly,the PCF equipped with energy dissipation devices at the“dry”connections largely reduces the expected economic loss,downtime,and resilience loss by 29%,56%,and 60%,respectively,compared to the RCF.

Experimental and numerical study regarding H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame with composite wall boards

H-steel all-bolted connection steel frame structures with heat preservation and decoration composite wall boards were investigated and the seismic performances of three scaled specimens were studied.The failure modes,hysteresis curves,bearing capacity,ductility,energy dissipation capacity,stiffness degradation and strain distribution were discussed.The calculation method of structural theoretical internal force was presented.The results showed that the overall structural seismic performance was better,and the structural ductility met the demands of elastic-plastic inter-story drift angle for seismic design.The H-steel weak-axis connection structure obtained better energy dissipation capacity,and its bearing capacity and stiffness were slightly different from the strong-axis connection.The heat preservation and decoration performance of composite wallboard and the all-bolted connection of the steel frame realized prefabrication during the whole construction period.The plastic hinge of the steel beam can be moved outwards because of the L-angles,which effectively avoids stress concentration in joint areas and expands the plastic hinge range.The errors between the theoretical structural capacity calculated by the plastic analysis method and the test results were within 2.44%.In addition,structural failure mechanisms and bearing capacities were verified by the finite element(FE)analysis,and the effects of the main parameters on the structures were investigated.The FE verification results were the same as in the test.The research results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the application of thermal insulation and decorative composite wall panels in H-shaped steel all-bolted steel frames.

Five-view three-dimensional reconstructionfor ultrafast dynamic imaging of pulsedradiation sources

Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of thepulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed tomography3D imaging. As a consequence, projection data that can be used for computed tomography image reconstruction at a certain moment are oftenavailable for only a few angles. Traditional algorithms employed in the process of reconstructing 3D images with extremely incomplete datamay introduce significant distortions and artifacts into the final image. In this paper, we propose an iterative image reconstruction methodusing cylindrical harmonic decomposition and a self-supervised denoising network algorithm based on the deep image prior method. Weaugment the prior information with a 2D total variation prior and a 3D deep image prior. Single-wire Z-pinch imaging experiments have beencarried out at Qin-1 facility in five views and four frames, with a time resolution of 3 ns for each frame and a time interval of 40 ns betweenadjacent frames. Both numerical simulations and experiments verify that our proposed algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstructionresults and obtain the 3D intensity distribution and evolution of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission from plasma.